Perspective of the diatom research in the Arctic

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Dmitrii B. Denisov ◽  
Anna L. Kosova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Diatom Assemblages ◽  
Murmansk Region

Large-scale diatom communities and diatom complexes of lake sediments researches in the Euro-Arctic region have been carried out. The high efficiency of bioindication of water quality and the state of ecosystems based on diatoms have been shown for the water quality assessment and anthropogenic loads rationing on water resources of high latitudes. Diatom assemblages from lake sediments of different types of aquatic ecosystems reflect the present-day warming of the Arctic climate and the effects of aerotechnogenic pollution. Diatom assemblages of surface (0–1 cm) layers of lake sediments could well serve for the integral assessment of the state of ecosystems and water quality. Diatoms diversity of the Green Belt of Fennoscandia in the territory of the Murmansk region has been investigated.

Áhrif loftlagsbreytinga á vatnsveitur og vatnsgæði á Íslandi – áhættuþættir og aðgerðir

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
María J. Gunnarsdóttir ◽  
Sigurður Magnús Garðarsson ◽  
Hrund Ólöf Andradóttir ◽  
Alfreð Schiöth
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Surveillance Area ◽  
The Arctic Region

Climate change is expected to have impact on water supply and drinking water quality in Iceland. Foremost there are three influential weather-related factors; increase in temperature; rise in sea level; and seasonal and regional change in precipitation in both quantity and intensity. In this study international and local reports and articles were analyzed for expected impact on the water resource with emphasis on the northern and the arctic region. Water quality risk factors were analyzed based on surveillance data of the water supplies from the Local Competent Authorities. Preliminary risk assessment of landslides and flooding was performed in one surveillance area in northern Iceland.

Global mapping of seasonal variations in tides from tide gauge and satellite altimeter data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Bij de Vaate ◽  
Henrique Guarneri ◽  
Cornelis Slobbe ◽  
Martin Verlaan
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Tidal Constituents ◽  
The Arctic Region

<p>The existence of seasonal variations in major tides has been recognized since decades. Where Corkan (1934) was the first to describe the seasonal perturbation of the M2 tide, many others have studied seasonal variations in the main tidal constituents since. However, most of these studies are based on sea level observations from tide gauges and are often restricted to coastal and shelf regions. Hence, observed seasonal variations are typically dominated by local processes and the large-scale patterns cannot be clearly distinguished. Moreover, most tide models still perceive tides as annually constant and seasonal variation in tides is ignored in the correction process of satellite altimetry. This results in reduced accuracy of obtained sea level anomalies. </p><p>To gain more insight in the large-scale seasonal variations in tides, we supplemented the clustered and sparsely distributed sea level observations from tide gauges by the wealth of data from satellite altimeters. Although altimeter-derived water levels are being widely used to obtain tidal constants, only few of these implementations consider seasonal variation in tides. For that reason, we have set out to explore the opportunities provided by altimeter data for deriving seasonal modulation of the main tidal constituents. Different methods were implemented and compared for the principal tidal constituents and a range of geographical domains, using data from a selection of satellite altimeters. Specific attention was paid to the Arctic region where seasonal variation in tides was expected to be significant as a result of the seasonal sea ice cycle, yet data availability is particularly limited. Our study demonstrates the potential of satellite altimetry for the quantification of seasonal modulation of tides and suggests the seasonal modulation to be considerable. Already for M2 we observed changes in tidal amplitude of the order of decimeters for the Arctic region, and centimeters for lower latitude regions.</p><p> </p><div>Corkan, R. H. (1934). An annual perturbation in the range of tide. <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character</em>, <em>144</em>(853), 537-559.</div>

The Frontier Research System for Global Change—The International Arctic Research Center (Frontier-IARC): its Origin and Tentative Science Plan

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Jinro Ukila ◽  
Moloyoshi Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Research Center ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Research System

The Frontier Research System for Global Change—the International Arctic Research Center (Frontier-IARC) is a research program funded by the Frontier Research System for Global Change. The program is jointly run under a cooperative agreement between the Frontier Research System for Global Change and the University of Alaska Fairbanks. The aim of the program is to understand the role of the Arctic region in global climate change. The program concentrates its research effort initially on the areas of air-sea-ice interactions, bio-geochemical processes and the ecosystem. To understand the arctic climate system in the context of global climate change, we focus on mechanisms controlling arctic-subarctic interactions, and identify three key components: the freshwater balance, the energy balance, and the large-scale atmospheric processes. Knowledge of details of these components and their interactions will be gained through long-term monitoring, process studies, and modeling; our focus will be on the latter two categories.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of CAM5-Simulated Arctic Clouds and Radiation to Ice Nucleation Parameterization

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5981-5999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaocheng Xie ◽  
Xiaohong Liu ◽  
Chuanfeng Zhao ◽  
Yuying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Liquid Water Path ◽  
Arctic Clouds ◽  
Water Path ◽  
Low Level

Abstract Sensitivity of Arctic clouds and radiation in the Community Atmospheric Model, version 5, to the ice nucleation process is examined by testing a new physically based ice nucleation scheme that links the variation of ice nuclei (IN) number concentration to aerosol properties. The default scheme parameterizes the IN concentration simply as a function of ice supersaturation. The new scheme leads to a significant reduction in simulated IN concentration at all latitudes while changes in cloud amounts and properties are mainly seen at high- and midlatitude storm tracks. In the Arctic, there is a considerable increase in midlevel clouds and a decrease in low-level clouds, which result from the complex interaction among the cloud macrophysics, microphysics, and large-scale environment. The smaller IN concentrations result in an increase in liquid water path and a decrease in ice water path caused by the slowdown of the Bergeron–Findeisen process in mixed-phase clouds. Overall, there is an increase in the optical depth of Arctic clouds, which leads to a stronger cloud radiative forcing (net cooling) at the top of the atmosphere. The comparison with satellite data shows that the new scheme slightly improves low-level cloud simulations over most of the Arctic but produces too many midlevel clouds. Considerable improvements are seen in the simulated low-level clouds and their properties when compared with Arctic ground-based measurements. Issues with the observations and the model–observation comparison in the Arctic region are discussed.

Taxonomy, ultrastructure, and distribution of some gomphonemoid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae: Gomphonemataceae) from rivers in the United States

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Kociolek ◽  
J C Kingston
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
North American ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
National Water

Using the continental-scale collections of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, we examined selected members of the family Gomphonemataceae to expand the current state of knowledge of diatom taxonomy, morphology, and distribution. Ten taxa in the genera Gomphonema, Gomphoneis, and Gomphosphenia are examined. The taxonomic status of two taxa is revised, and one new species is described. Two new features are described for the genus Gomphonema: slit-like areolae and ridge-like flaps or flanges on pseudosepta. Many North American gomphonemoid species appear to be restricted to certain geographic regions; the differences between western and eastern North America are striking. Trained analysts have had difficulty identifying and discriminating many of these taxa. We believe that this difficulty, in large part, results from our poor knowledge of the North American flora. Large-scale monitoring programs such as NAWQA, when teamed up with research organizations with common interests, hold great promise to expand our knowledge of the biodiversity of North American ecosystems.Key words: biogeography, Gomphoneis, Gomphonema, Gomphosphenia, National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, taxonomy; ultrastructure.

scholarly journals The Role of the Russian Language in the Historic and Cultural Development of the Arctic Region of the Russian Federation (as Exemplified by the Murmansk Region)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.15) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Olga Nikolaevna Ivanishcheva ◽  
Anasstasija Vjacheslavovna Koreneva ◽  
Alexandra Vjacheslavovna Burtseva ◽  
Tatjana Alexandrovna Rychkova
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article aims to analyze the functioning of the Russian language within the ethnic space of the Murmansk Region. The analysis of the state statistical and archive documents for the Murmansk Region has shown that the Russian language has dominated within the region since at least the 18th century, and this had its obvious economic and communicative advantages, in particular, in education. The Saami, the indigenous small-numbered people of the Murmansk Region, understood and mastered the conversational Russian language since the 18th century. The Russian language dominates within the current polyethnic linguistic environment of the Murmansk Region due to the numerical superiority of the Russians in the region, as well as due to its position as the language of the dominant ethnic group. 

scholarly journals Mobilisation of distributional data for vascular plants of Murmansk Region, Russia: Digital representation of the Flora of Murmansk Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kozhin ◽  
Sampsa Lommi ◽  
Alexander Sennikov
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Digital Representation ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Fair Representation ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Herbarium Collections ◽  
The Arctic Region

The present-day demand for digital availability of distributional data in biodiversity studies requires a special effort in assembling and editing the data otherwise scattered in paper literature and herbarium collections, which can be poorly accessible or little understood to present-day users and especially automatic data processors. Although the vascular plants of Murmansk Region (northern part of European Russia) are well studied and represented in publications, the accessibility of this knowledge is highly insufficient. The most widely known source is the Flora of Murmansk Region (published in 1953–1966), which remains in use because of its high original quality, detailed elaboration and completeness. We consider digitising this source to be of primary importance in biodiversity studies in the Arctic Region because of its point occurrence maps, which were based on the comprehensive inventory of contemporary herbarium collections. We have compiled a dataset based on 554 printed point occurrence maps of species distributions published in the Flora of Murmansk Region, which includes 25,555 records of georeferenced plant occurrences that belong to 1,073 species and 5 hybrids. The occurrences are ultimately based on herbarium specimens kept at KPABG and LE, which were collected during 1837–1965. We estimate that these specimens represent ca. 60% of the current global herbarium holdings originated from Murmansk Region; this means that the dataset gives a fair representation of the regional flora.

Design Methods for the Development of Wastewater Land Disposal Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Thoma ◽  
P. A. Baker ◽  
E. B. Allender
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
System Specification ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
North West ◽  
Environmental Monitoring System ◽  
Land Disposal

Recent changes in legislation governing water quality management of receiving water bodies have led to a reappraisal of wastewater land disposal techniques. However, more stringent regulations have also necessitated the development of a multi-disciplinary planning approach, to ensure that land based wastewater disposal is functionally and environmentally sustainable in the long-term. Of principal concern are the long term impact of nutrients, salt and other potential contaminants on the soils of the receiving site and on downstream water quality. Assessment of hydrological, soil physical and geological characteristics, together with civil construction and service considerations, assist in the determination of receiving-site selection, application area and balance storage volume, irrigation method, environmental monitoring system specification etc. Analysis and interpretation of wastewater and soil chemical characteristics determines the pre-application water treatment required, and aliows long-term monitoring of the effect of wastewater disposal on the receiving-site soils. Two case-studies are presented. One describes the planning and design of a recently commissioned land-disposal system using industrial wastewater from a chemical process plant to irrigate a Eucalypt plantation in western metropolitan Melbourne. The other reports on the on-going assessment and planning of a large-scale land-disposal system proposed to accommodate the treated sewage effluent from a large north-west Victorian regional city.

TOPICAL ISSUES OF STUDYING SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Julija V. Аndreeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Intellectual Potential

The article analyses the most relevant aspects of Arctic research, which are gaining momentum in recent years. The most dynamic thematic ar- eas include the humanitarian issues of the development of the Russian North. The research focuses on the assessment of the peculiarities of the formation and reproduction of human capital in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation the development of the creative and intellectual potential of Russian polar cities. The author notes that research into the social well-being of the population of the Rus- sian Northern regions has become an important direction of research work carried out over the past decades. In studies of the social well-being of the inhabitant of the Arctic region, the authors problematize the key “zones of disadvantage” in the system of assessing the population, and, first of all, the issues of protection from those social dangers that the population find for itself. Summarizing the state of the Arctic research, the author proposes to move away from overly localized coverage of Arctic problems. Large-scale sociological works, which, in our opin- ion, have a certain substantial scientific potential, provided that they are fully implemented, it seems, are now at the stage of their theoretical conceptualization and methodological search.

Modern trends and prospects of economic development of mineral fertilizer producers through the prism of relational interaction.

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Valery A. Leventsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
The State ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation

The production of mineral fertilizers is a priority direction for the development of the chemical industry of the Russian Federation. The importance of studying the state and prospects of mineral fertilizer producers for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is due to the high dependence of the economy of one of the northernmost regions of our country, the Murmansk Region, on the enterprises of this industry. In particular, the Kirov branch of JSC Apatit (PhosAgro company), Kovdorsky GOK (Eurochem Company) and JSC North-Western Phosphorus Company (a subsidiary of PJSC Akron) operate in the Murmansk Region. These enterprises make significant contributions to the regional budget of the Murmansk region as well as to the budgets of municipal formations, create jobs and make a significant contribution to the development of the towns of presence. Russian manufacturing companies in their activities are mainly focused on the external market, which is due to the excess of supply over demand and the lack of use of mineral fertilizers on 39 % of Russian sown areas. The main Russian producers of mineral fertilizers include PhosAgro, Akron, EuroChem, Uralchem and Uralkali. The only company claiming the priority of the domestic market is PhosAgro. Analysis of the annual reports of the largest Russian producers of mineral fertilizers indicates their desire to expand the geography of supplies. In the domestic market, there is a positive trend in the consumption of mineral fertilizers, which is associated with high prices for agricultural products, as well as the state policy of subsidizing agricultural enterprises, in addition, state regulation of prices in the domestic market leads to an increase in demand for fertilizers. For fertilizer producers, it is possible to use the three-level relational interaction model presented below. The article presents the results of testing the hypothesis of the need for the development of relational relations in the mineral fertilizers market. The assessment is based on the use of a three-level model of relational interaction of industrial market participants. The results of the analysis can be used in the development and implementation of relational cooperation in economic systems of various levels.

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