Pathological anatomy of thyrotoxic liver

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Orlinskaya ◽  
A. B. Elkanova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
White Male ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Experimental Thyrotoxicosis ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

The work was performed on experimental material. An experimental model of thyrotoxicosis in laboratory animals, white male rats, was obtained by daily administration оf l-thyroxine at a dose of 1.6 mg per 1 kg of body weight. The duration of the experiment was 45 days. 67 mature rats weighing 250–300 g were selected for the experiment. Rats were removed from the experiment after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 45 days. As a control, we used 22 rats that were not injected with L-thyroxine. The level of thyroid hormones in the blood of rats was determined by enzyme immunoassay. A macroscopic study was performed and the size and mass of the rat liver were determined. For histological examination, pieces of liver tissue were taken, and they were fixed in 10 % buffered formalin for 10 days. Histological preparations were prepared by the standard method, using histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. The results of the study showed that in experimental thyrotoxicosis, the level of thyroid hormones increases: T3 (triiodothyronine) equals 21.37 ± 0.03 mmol/l, 4.75 ± 0.02 mmol/l in the control; T4 (thyroxine) equals 2.55 ± 0.03 mmol/l, 1.80 ± 0.03 mmol/l in the control. Macroscopic examination revealed a 2-fold increase in the size and weight of the liver. Histological examination revealed widespread interstitial edema of the liver stroma, dystrophic and destructive changes, necrosis of hepatocytes, formation of cavities, thinning and atrophy of the liver beams, lymphocytic infiltration. The immunohistochemical study shows a decrease in Ki-67 expression level to 1.8 % compared to the control (5.0 %), which indicates a decrease in reparative processes in the liver.

scholarly journals Improving the organism's resistance to the stress “time deficiency” by iodine-containing thyroid hormones

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
White Male ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Resistance To Stress

The high prevalence of diseases of stressful etiology and insufficient knowledge of the mechanisms of their pathogenesis, as well as factors limiting the intensity of the stress reaction, among which iodine-containing thyroid hormones have recently been studied, determine the relevance of the study. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of thyroid status on the organism's resistance to emotional stress. The experiment was performed on 180 white male rats weighing 220–240 g. Stress was modeled according to the “time deficiency” method, when the animal, trying to avoid contact with water quickly filling the spiral tunnel, was forced to move up. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using generally accepted medical statistics methods using program “Statistica 10.0”. The introduction of mercazolyl (25 mg / kg for 20 days), which determines a lower concentration of iodine-containing thyroid hormones in the blood under stress, prevents an increase in the relative weight of the adrenal glands and the corticosteroids level in the blood, an increase in physical endurance and horizontal motor activity of animals, inhibits their research behavior, and aggravates damage gastric mucosa in these conditions. The introduction of L-thyroxine in small doses (1.5-3 μg / kg 28 days) provides a higher level of iodine-containing thyroid hormones and increases the body's resistance to stress (limits the changes in the relative weight of the adrenal glands, spleen and thymus, corticosteroids and insulin levels in the blood , behavior and physical endurance of animals, damage to the gastric mucosa). Iodine-containing thyroid hormones increase the body's resistance to stress of the “time deficiency”, which proves their important role in the body's anti-stress system.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF LOW FLUORINE CONCENTRATIONS ON THE TISSUE LEVEL OF HSP FAMILY PROTEINS

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 604-608
Author(s):  
Anna G. Zhukova ◽  
L. G. Gorokhova ◽  
A. V. Kiseleva ◽  
T. G. Sazontova ◽  
N. N. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
White Male ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Sensitive Organ ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Introduction. Fluoride in high concentrations has a toxic effect not only on bone tissue but also on the heart, liver, kidneys, and brain. In the implementation of the response to toxic doses of fluorine the proteins of the HSP family are involved regulating intracellular and tissue homeostasis under various stress effects. The toxic effect of high fluorine concentrations the mechanisms of which are disclosed in fluorosis can be realized and at a level significantly lower than a toxic one. In the literature, there is little data on the peculiarities of the effects of low fluorine concentrations at the tissue and cellular levels. The aim of the study. To investigate the impact of low fluorine concentrations on the tissue level of HSP family proteins in the brain and liver of laboratory animals. Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on 60 white male rats of the same age weighing 200-250 g. The rats were divided into 2 groups: the control and the group of the animals exposed to sodium fluoride (NaF) within 6 weeks (at a concentration of 10 mg/l corresponding to the daily fluorine dose of 1.2 mg/kg per body weight). We determined the level of inducible HSP72 and HSP32 (heme-oxygenase-1) referred to proteins of HSP family (Heat shock proteins), the activity of free radical processes and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase) in the brain and liver tissues. Results. The important role of stress-inducible HSP72 protein in protecting the brain from the damage caused by the prolonged exposure to low fluorine concentrations was shown. In the liver, a protective role against fluoride exposure is played by the protein HSP32 with antioxidant properties. At the tissue level, the prolongation of the terms of the development of chronic fluoride intoxication with low fluorine concentrations was revealed. In the liver appeared to be the highly sensitive organ to the fluorine accumulation, the significant lesion was detected.

scholarly journals Relationship between lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in rats with experimental acute generalized peritonitis against the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Bоhdana Verveha
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
White Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Tbars Level ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Generalized Peritonitis ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

Introduction. There are evidence that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of the acute generalized peritonitis and diabetes mellitus.The aim of study was to examine levels of the products of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidants in rats with experimental acute generalized peritonitis against the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.Material and methods. The experiment was performed on 66 adult white male rats weighing 220-300 g. Diabetes mellitus in experimental animals was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (Sigma) at the dose of 60 mg/kg. Acute generalized peritonitis was induced with 10% faecal suspension in a dose of 0.5 ml per 100 g of animal weight in the abdominal cavity of laboratory animals by puncture method. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) and ceruloplasmin (CP) were estimated and compared.Results. Our results showed that during all stages of development of acute generalized peritonitis on the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes there is the LOOHs decrease and the TBARS increase. We observed statistically significant inverse correlations between the level of LOOHs and SOD in the animals of subgroup 1 (r = -0.88; p <0.05) and inverse correlations between the TBARS level and the SOD level in the subgroup 3 of animals (r = -0.74; p <0.05). We also found a statistically significant inverse correlation between the CAT level and the TBARS level (r = -0.86; p <0.05) and between the CP level and the TBARS level in the blood of animals in the subgroup 3 (r = -0.87; p <0.05).Conclusion. Negative statistically significant correlations between the TBARS level and the antioxidants (SOD, CAT, CP) in the blood of animals with acute generalized peritonitis on the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes indicate a predictor role of lipid peroxidation processes in the depletion of antioxidant resources

scholarly journals Изменение функциональной активности тромбоцитов при длительном световом воздействии в эксперименте

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
О.В. Злобина ◽  
В.Ф. Киричук ◽  
С.С. Пахомий ◽  
А.Н. Иванов ◽  
А.Ю. Каретникова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
White Male ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Transmittance Curve ◽  
Microcirculatory Disturbances ◽  
Aggregation Activity

We studied the effect of intensive light exposure on the aggregation activity of white male rats' platelets using the experimental Light-Dark (18:6) lighting model. Analysis of platelet aggregation activity was carried out using a computerized 230LA "Biola" aggregation analyzer using the method of V.A. Gabbasov. It was established that in case of prolonged light exposure in the body of laboratory animals there was a disturbance of aggregation activity accompanied by an increase in the parameters of the curve of the average weighted radius of platelets and the parameters of the light transmittance curve. Violation of the daytime regime in the form of artificial prolongation of illumination causes increase of platelet aggregation activity and provokes development of microcirculatory disturbances. Forming changes in the hemostasis system increase in proportion to the duration of the experiment. The most pronounced changes in the vascular-platelet mechanism of hemostasis are formed on the 21st day of the experiment, indicating the development of processes of maladaptation followed by exhaustion of the organism.

scholarly journals Modification of a model of non-alcoholic fat liver disease in rats with a сombination of a hypercaloric diet and hypodynamia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
A. V. Bunjat ◽  
O. M. Spasenkova ◽  
V. E. Karev ◽  
A. V. Karavaeva ◽  
D. Ju. Ivkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
White Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Epididymal Fat ◽  
Hypercaloric Diet

Introduction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is the second most common cause of liver transplantation in the adult population. An urgent task is to find and develop an optimal model of NAFLD in laboratory animals, which would reproduce all the features of this disease in the clinic.Aim. Modification of the NAFLD model in laboratory animals (rats), which allows the obtained data to be transmitted to humans as fully as possible.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 52 outbred white male rats of the same age. As the basis of the model, a hypercaloric high-fat diet was used with the addition of food appeal enhancers (sodium glutamate and liquid shrimp extract) and for the first-time conditions of hypodynamia were used – restriction of the motor activity of animals using specially designed cells, in which an individual 11 × 18 cm cell was allocated for each individual. The duration of the study was 12 months. In the course of the experiment, body weight, physical performance, biochemical parameters of blood serum and urine in dynamics were assessed, and lethality was recorded. After the end of the study, the mass of internal organs, visceral and epididymal fat was analyzed, and a histological examination of the liver was performed.Results and discussion. In the course of the experimental study, the development of NAFLD in rats of the control group of animals was histologically confirmed. A high mortality rate was revealed in the group of animals with pathology. Compared with animals of the intact group, a statistically significant increase in their body weight, liver weight, visceral and epididymal fat, a decrease in physical performance, disturbances in lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism were revealed, as well as signs of deterioration of the protein synthesis and excretory functions of the liver.Conclusion. A number of advantages of the NAFLD model with a combination of a hypercaloric diet and hypodynamic conditions were revealed, including the similarity of the conditions for the formation and pathogenesis of the disease in experimental animals and humans, which ensures the adequacy of data translation from preclinical practice to clinical practice.

scholarly journals Acute effects of endocannabinoid anandamide and CB1 receptor antagonist, AM251 in the regulation of thyrotropin secretion

2008 ◽  
Vol 199 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Liberato Costa da Veiga ◽  
Flávia Fonseca Bloise ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Costa-e-Sousa ◽  
Luana Lopes Souza ◽  
Norma Aparecida dos Santos Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Serum Tsh

We examined the acute effects of endocannabinoid, anandamide, and of synthetic cannabinoid receptor antagonist, AM251[N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide], on TSH, thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) secretions. Euthyroid male rats showed a 42% decrease in serum TSH, 2 h after a single i.p. injection of 0.02, but not 0.2 mg/kg body weight (BW), anandamide, accompanied by a 39% reduction in serum T4, without alteration in serum T3. At 0.5 and 1 h, these serum hormones showed no significant change. Hypothyroid rats showed a 35% reduction in serum TSH (P<0.01), 2 h after anandamide injection, which had no effect on hyperthyroid rats. In both thyroid states, no modification of serum thyroid hormones was observed. Intraperitoneal injection of 0.17 or 1.7 mg/kg BW AM251 in euthyroid rats caused, 1.5 h later, 1.7-fold or 4.3-fold increase in serum TSH respectively, without changing thyroid hormones. Stimulatory effect of 0.17 mg/kg BW AM251 and inhibitory effect of anandamide was abolished in the group injected with AM251 followed by an anandamide injection, 30 min later. Intracerebroventricular injection of 20 ng (but not 200 ng) anandamide induced a decrease in serum TSH at 60 min after injection, which tended to disappear at 120 min. Anterior pituitary explants presented significant reduction in TSH release in the presence of 10−7 M anandamide in incubation medium, which was blocked by 10−7 M AM251. In conclusion, anandamide has the ability to acutely inhibit TSH release in eu- and hypothyroid rats, acting at the hypothalamus–pituitary axis. Since, in addition, the cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM251 increased TSH release, we suggest that endocannabinoid system has a role as negative regulator of TSH secretion.

scholarly journals Determination of acute toxicity parameters of “Zoodizin” disinfectant

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
O. L. Nechyporenko ◽  
A. V. Berezovskyy ◽  
H. A. Fotina ◽  
R. V. Petrov ◽  
T. I. Fotina
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
White Male ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Intragastric Administration

An important element in ensuring the epizootic well-being of the poultry industry is disinfection. Modern poultry farming requires a large number of effective disinfectants. It is known that the resistance of microorganisms to the effects of disinfectants is based on a genotypic mechanism. The nature of the formation of resistance to disinfectants and antiseptics is different than antibiotics. With regard to disinfectants, resistance is formed more slowly and the proportion of resistant strains in the population of microorganisms may not be high for a long time. This is due to different mechanisms of formation of resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants, in the first case – plasmid mechanism, in the second – chromosomal. However, increasing the resistance to the active substance in disinfectants can be widespread, so it is necessary to periodically rotate disinfectants. The goal of the work – to investigate the parameters of acute toxicity of the disinfectant biocide “Zodizin”. The studies were conducted in the laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacy and the Vivarium of Sumy National Agrarian University. The drug “Zodizine” contains: polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride – 21.0 %, alkylldimethylbenzylammonium chloride – 3.0 %. For toxicological examination of the disinfectant, healthy white male rats and white female rats weighing 200 ± 10 g 1.5 years of age were used. In the study of acute toxicity of animals observed daily, noted the general condition of the animals, features of their behavior. Studies have found that the toxic effect of the disinfectant “Zodizin” clinically manifested almost equally in both males and females. The average lethal dose for the rat female was 1000.0 ± 35.0 mg/kg body weight, males 1033.0 ± 34.3 mg/kg. Therefore, according to the classification of substances by toxicity, the drug by intragastric administration can be attributed to low-toxic substances. Observations on animals revealed that 1–3 hours after oral administration of the drug in a subtoxic dose in laboratory animals, shortness of breath and inhibition of the central nervous system were noted. Most of them died during the first day. Subsequent observations of the surviving animals indicated that their motor response was suppressed over the next 24–72 hours. Conclusions and prospects for further research: 1. It was found that the average lethal dose of the drug “Zodizin” with oral administration to rats-females was 1000.0 ± 35.0 mg/kg body weight, males – 1033.0 ± 34.3 mg/kg. 2. Experimental studies have proved that the disinfectant “Zodizin” according to GOST 12.1.007-76, belongs to the IV class of danger, that is, to the low-dangerous compounds, and according to GOST 12.1.07 – to the III class of hazard of substances and can be used for disinfection premises where animals and poultry are kept. Further, the sporoсide and corrosion properties of the “Zoodizin” biocide will be studied.

scholarly journals Assessment of changes in the main homeostasis indicators in mammals after hyperthermic exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1397-1403
Author(s):  
Vladimir E. Kriyt ◽  
Yuliya N. Sladkova ◽  
Maksim V. Sannikov ◽  
Aleksandr O. Pyatibrat
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Leading Indicators ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The occupation of firefighters is characterized by the impact of both hazardous fire factors and a complex of harmful and dangerous characteristics of various natures, often exceeding the expected values. High air temperature is typical for almost all types of fire and is one of the main adverse physical factors affecting the body of firefighters. Experimental models on animals are of leading importance in studying extreme fire factors, including hyperthermic exposure. Material and methods. The study was carried out on 124 outbred white male rats of 3 months of age weighing 250-300 g, divided randomly into two groups. The first group (62 rats) was subjected to a single hyperthermic load. The second group (62 rats) was subjected to daily hyperthermic load during 14 days. The study of the leading indicators of the acid-base state and water-electrolyte balance, biochemical and clinical blood tests, cellular and humoral immunity was carried out before and after hyperthermic exposure. Results. The obtained data indicate high ambient temperatures cause changes in homeostasis indices in laboratory animals. At the same time, there are alterations in the indicators of water-electrolyte balance, acid-base state, clinical and biochemical blood tests and the immune system. Conclusion. An experimental model of extreme heat exposure on animals showed the emergence and persistence of changes in the leading indicators of homeostasis. In the group of single hyperthermia, these parameters were restored to the background levels in a day. In the group of multiple hyperthermia, they remained altered.

scholarly journals Patterns of endothelium-dependent circulation reactions development in patients with ischemic stroke in case of oxigenation disturbances

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-911
Author(s):  
A Yu Ryabchenko ◽  
A M Dolgov ◽  
E N Denisov ◽  
N R Russanova ◽  
N G Gumanova
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
White Male ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Oxygen Mixture ◽  
Nitric Oxide Level ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Elisa Data

Aim. To study features of tissue oxygenation and changes in nitroxidergic and endothelinergic mechanisms of circulation regulation in ischemic stroke and hypoxia modeling. Methods. 74 men and women with ischemic stroke were examined and experimental study on 30 outbred white male rats was conducted. All patients underwent computed tomography of the brain, neurological status was assessed and general clinical examination was performed. Tissue oxygen tension was measured percutaneuosly using polarographic method. Chronic hypoxic hypoxia was simulated in animals by daily 40-50 minutes inhalation of 10% oxygen mixture for 4 weeks. Blood oxygen tension was evaluated in patients and laboratory animals. Nitric oxide level of was assessed by determining its stable metabolites. Endothelin-1 level was determined by ELISA. Data was analyzed using «Statistica 8.0» software using non-parametric tests. Differences were considered as statistically significant at p

THYMUS VARIABILITY IN WHITE RATS EXPOSED TO FORMALDEHYDE

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
V.N. Voloshin ◽  
I.S. Voloshina ◽  
I.Yu. Vash
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Canonical Variables ◽  
Generalized Procrustes Analysis ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Formaldehyde Inhalation

The aim of the paper is to study thymus variability in white rats, which were exposed to formaldehyde, and to compare these data with the indicators in control animals. Materials and Methods. The trial enrolled 72 white male rats, initial body weight 40–50 g. The animals were divided into 2 groups (36 rats in each). The first group consisted of control rats. Animals of the second group were exposed to formaldehyde inhalation, 2.766 mg/m3. To characterize the variability of the organ size, centroids were determined. The superposition of landmark configurations was performed using the generalized Procrustes analysis method, MorphoJ 1.06d program. The principal component analysis and canonical analysis of the obtained data were carried out. Results. One-Way ANOVA revealed a high level of intergroup differences in Procrust distance (F=1.34; p<0.0001). The significant effect of the duration of formaldehyde exposure on centroid size was established. The Kruskal-Wallis criterion was 19.778 (p=0.0014). The analysis of the principal components indicated that each of the first 10 components stands for more than 1 % of Procrustes coordinate variance. In this case, the first 7 components compatibly explain 91.398 % of thymus variability. The proportion of the first main component to the total variance of the Procrustes coordinates is 40.236 %. PC1 (-) shows changes in the thymus shape, mostly affecting the tops of its lobes, the middle part of the right boundary and the entire left thymus boundary. The scattering ellipses of the thymus ordinates in rats exposed to formaldehyde, in the first two canonical variables are located higher than those in the control animals. Conclusion. Formaldehyde inhalation leads to thymus changes in white rat. The most significant differences with control data are determined along the second canonical variable. Keywords: thymus, form, rat, formaldehyde, geometric morphometry. Цель. Изучение изменчивости формы тимуса белых крыс, находившихся в условиях влияния формальдегида, и сравнение этих данных с показателями, полученными у контрольных животных. Материалы и методы. Работа выполнена на 72 белых крысах-самцах с начальной массой тела 40–50 г. Животные были разделены на 2 серии (по 36 крыс). Первую серию составляли контрольные крысы. Животные второй серии подвергались ингаляционному воздействию формальдегида (ФА) в концентрации 2,766 мг/м3. Для характеристики изменчивости размеров органов определяли размер их центроидов. Процедуру суперимпозиции конфигураций ландмарок выполняли методом генерализованного прокрустова анализа с использованием программы MorphoJ 1.06d. Проводили анализ главных компонент и канонический анализ полученных данных. Результаты. Однофакторный дисперсионный анализ выявил высокий уровень межгрупповых различий по показателю прокрустовых расстояний (F=1,34; р<0,0001). Установлено значительное влияние продолжительности нахождения животных в условиях воздействия ФА на размер центроида. Критерий Краскела–Уоллиса составил 19,778 (р=0,0014). Анализ главных компонент указывал на то, что каждая из первых 10 компонент объясняет более 1 % дисперсии прокрустовых координат. При этом первые 7 компонент совместно объясняют 91,398 % изменчивости формы тимуса. Вклад первой главной компоненты в общую дисперсию прокрустовых координат составляет 40,236 %. РС1 (–) показывает изменения формы тимуса, в большей степени затрагивающие верхушки его долей, среднюю часть правого контура и весь левый контур тимуса. Эллипсы рассеивания ординат тимусов, принадлежащих крысам, подвергавшимся влиянию ФА, в пространстве первых двух канонических переменных расположены выше по отношению к таковым контрольных животных. Заключение. Ингаляционное воздействие формальдегида приводит к изменению формы тимуса белых крыс. Наибольшие различия с контрольными данными определяются вдоль второй канонической переменной. Ключевые слова: тимус, форма, крыса, формальдегид, геометрическая морфометрия.

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