scholarly journals Improving the organism's resistance to the stress “time deficiency” by iodine-containing thyroid hormones

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
White Male ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Resistance To Stress

The high prevalence of diseases of stressful etiology and insufficient knowledge of the mechanisms of their pathogenesis, as well as factors limiting the intensity of the stress reaction, among which iodine-containing thyroid hormones have recently been studied, determine the relevance of the study. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of thyroid status on the organism's resistance to emotional stress. The experiment was performed on 180 white male rats weighing 220–240 g. Stress was modeled according to the “time deficiency” method, when the animal, trying to avoid contact with water quickly filling the spiral tunnel, was forced to move up. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using generally accepted medical statistics methods using program “Statistica 10.0”. The introduction of mercazolyl (25 mg / kg for 20 days), which determines a lower concentration of iodine-containing thyroid hormones in the blood under stress, prevents an increase in the relative weight of the adrenal glands and the corticosteroids level in the blood, an increase in physical endurance and horizontal motor activity of animals, inhibits their research behavior, and aggravates damage gastric mucosa in these conditions. The introduction of L-thyroxine in small doses (1.5-3 μg / kg 28 days) provides a higher level of iodine-containing thyroid hormones and increases the body's resistance to stress (limits the changes in the relative weight of the adrenal glands, spleen and thymus, corticosteroids and insulin levels in the blood , behavior and physical endurance of animals, damage to the gastric mucosa). Iodine-containing thyroid hormones increase the body's resistance to stress of the “time deficiency”, which proves their important role in the body's anti-stress system.

scholarly journals Somatic and behavioral reactions in rats under the modeling of the stress of “deficiency of time”

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-306
Author(s):  
E. A. Gusakova ◽  
I. V. Gorodetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Thyrotropic Hormone

 In experiments on 60 white outbred male rats, the effect of the stress of “deficiency of time” on somatic (relative masses of the adrenal glands, thymus and spleen, gastric mucosa, consentrations of corticosteroids and insulin in the blood) and behavioral (vertical and horizontal motor activity) indicators of stress-reactions, physical endurance of animals, thyroid function (serum concentration of total and free fractions of triiodothyronine and thyroxine, thyrotropic hormone) is considered.As a result of the study, it was found that the stress of “deficiency of time” causes an increase in the relative mass of the adrenal glands (by 31 %), a decrease in relative masses of the thymus and spleen (by 26 and 14 %), damage to the gastric mucosa (in 80 % rats with a severity 1 point in 20 % rats, 2 or 3 points in the remaining 60 % in the 1:1 ratio; a multiplicity of 2 hemorrhages per animal in 30 %, 3 in 40 % and 4 in 10 % rats, damage index is 4.7), changes in the serum concentration of corticosteroids (increase by 43 %) and insulin (decrease by 19 %) and leads to the activation of thyroid function (age concentration of total and free triiodothyronine and thyroxin increased by 18–32 %). Under the stress of “deficiency of time”, the horizontal locomotor activity and the physical endurance of animals increase, while their vertical locomotor and exploratory activity decreases. The proposed model allows studying the mechanisms of development of stress damage in order to develop new ways to limit the negative effects of emotional stress on human health.

scholarly journals Effect of Glibenclamide on Motor and Behavioral Activity of Animals with Traumatic Brain Injury in the Highlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shuvalova ◽  
Yu. Shidakov ◽  
A. Shanazarov
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
White Male ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Behavioral Activity

Human activity is associated with the risk of injury. The rate of cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in high-altitude conditions is high. It should be assumed that exogenous hypoxia will have a significant impact on the development of the clinical consequences of TBI. However, information about the behavior of animals on the background of TBI in the highlands is scarce. The search for means of correcting brain injuries remains an urgent issue. To date, glibenclamide has been proposed for this purpose, but its effect in the highlands has not been studied. Objective: to evaluate the effect of glibenclamide on the behavioral activity of animals with TBI in the highlands. The object of the study is 82 white male rats weighing 250–310 g. The low-mountain series of the experiment was carried out at an altitude of 760 m above sea level (Bishkek). The high-altitude series was modeled on the Tuya-Ashu pass — 3200 m above sea level (Kyrgyzstan). TBI was reproduced according to the method of Y. Tang (1997). Correction with glibenclamide at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg per os. Behavioral activity was evaluated using the Open Field method, and muscle strength was evaluated using the S. V. Speransky method on the 3rd day of the experiment. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out in the SPSS 16.0 program. TBI in the low mountains resulted in a decrease in locomotor activity by 67% (P<0.001), and efficiency — by 43% (P<0.001). In the group of rats with TBI in the highlands, compared with the data of healthy animals that visited the same altitude, locomotor activity decreased by 44% (P<0.001), racks — by 60% (P<0.001), minks — by 76% (P< 0.01), grooming — by 55% (P<0.01), the number of boluses of defecation increases by 37% (P<0.05). Correction of TBI with glibenclamide in the highlands led to an increase in locomotion by 2 times (P<0.001), standing — by 2.3 times, peering into minks — by 4 times (P<0.01), working capacity — by 2.04 times (P<0.001). The level of defecation decreased by 70% (P<0.001). Violations of the behavior of rats in the highlands with TBI without the use of glibenclamide are more pronounced than in experiments in the foothills. Correction of TBI that occurred in the highlands demonstrates a positive neurotropic effect of glibenclamide.

scholarly journals ACTIVITY OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE AND CATALASE IN THE GASTRIC MUCOSA OF RATS UNDER THE PROLONGED ADMINISTRATION OF OMEPRAZOL AND COMBINATION OF OMEPRAZOLE AND MULTIPROBIOTICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-320
Author(s):  
Serhii V. Pylypenko ◽  
Andrii A. Koval ◽  
Viktoria V. Makarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
In Cells

The aim: Of the study was to study the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the gastric mucosa of rats under long-term administration of omeprazole and combined administration of omeprazole with Symbiter and Apibact multiprobiotics. Materials and methods: The study was carried out on 40 white non-linear male rats with an initial weight of 160-180 g. All animals were divided into 4 groups. Group I was the control. Group II was administered omeprazole once a day within the period of 28 days. Group III was administered a combination of omeprazole and Symbiter® multiprobiotic. Group IV was administered a combination of omeprazole and Apibact® multiprobiotic. The activity of superoxide dismutase in cells was determined by Chevars et al. . The catalase activity in cells was determined by Korolyuk et al. . Statistical processing of the results was performed using the “Statistica 7.0” software. Results: The activity of SOD and catalase in the gastric mucosa of rats after 28 days of omeprazole administration increased compared to the control. Probiotics reduced the activity of SOD compared to the group of rats where omeprazole only was administered. The catalase activity in the gastric mucosa of rats which were jointly administered omeprazole and multiprobiotics for 28 days did not statistically significantly differ from the similar index in the control group. Conclusions: Prolonged gastric juice hypochlorhydria led to depletion of antioxidant protection enzymes. Multiprobiotics reduced the manifestation of the inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE GASTRIC MUCOSA WHILE USING ANTIAGGREGANTS AND PANTOPRAZOLE (AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
Alla G. Yankovetska ◽  
Serhii V. Vernyhorodskyi ◽  
Iryna G. Paliy ◽  
Serhii V. Zaika
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
White Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Gastric Epithelial Cells ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Apoptotic Activity ◽  
The Impact

The aim: Was to characterize the morphological peculiarities of the gastric mucosa at early stage of prescription of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel as well as to study the impact of pantoprazole on the gastric mucosa to optimize the prophylaxis and treatment of gastropathies induced by ASA and clopidogrel. Materials and methods: The experiments were performed on 77 non-linear white male rats with the average weight of 150-180 g. Depending on the aim of research, the animals were divided into 7 groups. Results: The administration of pantoprazole in combination with ASA and clopidogrel presented positive trends in neutral glycoproteins amount and contributes to preventing GM necrotic lesions by amplification of protective properties of mucus and stabilization of apoptotic activity of gastric epithelial cells. Conclusions: 1. According to our study findings, administration of ASA in combination with clopidogrel results in 2,5 times higher risk of GM erosive lesions. 2. One of the most significant morphological manifestations of gastropathy in ASA and clopidogrel regimen is the development of microerosions, which are poorly diagnosed by macroscopic examination. 3. The use of PAS-reaction makes possible to identify damage to the basal membrane of superficial epitheliocytes, which may be a top-priority morphological criterion of gastropathy induced by ASA or clopidogrel in the absence of an inflammatory reaction. 4. Administration of pantoprazole in combination with ASA and clopidogrel contributes to preventing GM necrotic lesions by amplification of protective properties of mucus and stabilization of apoptotic activity of gastric epithelial cells.

Pathological anatomy of thyrotoxic liver

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Orlinskaya ◽  
A. B. Elkanova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
White Male ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Experimental Thyrotoxicosis ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

The work was performed on experimental material. An experimental model of thyrotoxicosis in laboratory animals, white male rats, was obtained by daily administration оf l-thyroxine at a dose of 1.6 mg per 1 kg of body weight. The duration of the experiment was 45 days. 67 mature rats weighing 250–300 g were selected for the experiment. Rats were removed from the experiment after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 45 days. As a control, we used 22 rats that were not injected with L-thyroxine. The level of thyroid hormones in the blood of rats was determined by enzyme immunoassay. A macroscopic study was performed and the size and mass of the rat liver were determined. For histological examination, pieces of liver tissue were taken, and they were fixed in 10 % buffered formalin for 10 days. Histological preparations were prepared by the standard method, using histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. The results of the study showed that in experimental thyrotoxicosis, the level of thyroid hormones increases: T3 (triiodothyronine) equals 21.37 ± 0.03 mmol/l, 4.75 ± 0.02 mmol/l in the control; T4 (thyroxine) equals 2.55 ± 0.03 mmol/l, 1.80 ± 0.03 mmol/l in the control. Macroscopic examination revealed a 2-fold increase in the size and weight of the liver. Histological examination revealed widespread interstitial edema of the liver stroma, dystrophic and destructive changes, necrosis of hepatocytes, formation of cavities, thinning and atrophy of the liver beams, lymphocytic infiltration. The immunohistochemical study shows a decrease in Ki-67 expression level to 1.8 % compared to the control (5.0 %), which indicates a decrease in reparative processes in the liver.

THYMUS VARIABILITY IN WHITE RATS EXPOSED TO FORMALDEHYDE

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
V.N. Voloshin ◽  
I.S. Voloshina ◽  
I.Yu. Vash
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Canonical Variables ◽  
Generalized Procrustes Analysis ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Formaldehyde Inhalation

The aim of the paper is to study thymus variability in white rats, which were exposed to formaldehyde, and to compare these data with the indicators in control animals. Materials and Methods. The trial enrolled 72 white male rats, initial body weight 40–50 g. The animals were divided into 2 groups (36 rats in each). The first group consisted of control rats. Animals of the second group were exposed to formaldehyde inhalation, 2.766 mg/m3. To characterize the variability of the organ size, centroids were determined. The superposition of landmark configurations was performed using the generalized Procrustes analysis method, MorphoJ 1.06d program. The principal component analysis and canonical analysis of the obtained data were carried out. Results. One-Way ANOVA revealed a high level of intergroup differences in Procrust distance (F=1.34; p<0.0001). The significant effect of the duration of formaldehyde exposure on centroid size was established. The Kruskal-Wallis criterion was 19.778 (p=0.0014). The analysis of the principal components indicated that each of the first 10 components stands for more than 1 % of Procrustes coordinate variance. In this case, the first 7 components compatibly explain 91.398 % of thymus variability. The proportion of the first main component to the total variance of the Procrustes coordinates is 40.236 %. PC1 (-) shows changes in the thymus shape, mostly affecting the tops of its lobes, the middle part of the right boundary and the entire left thymus boundary. The scattering ellipses of the thymus ordinates in rats exposed to formaldehyde, in the first two canonical variables are located higher than those in the control animals. Conclusion. Formaldehyde inhalation leads to thymus changes in white rat. The most significant differences with control data are determined along the second canonical variable. Keywords: thymus, form, rat, formaldehyde, geometric morphometry. Цель. Изучение изменчивости формы тимуса белых крыс, находившихся в условиях влияния формальдегида, и сравнение этих данных с показателями, полученными у контрольных животных. Материалы и методы. Работа выполнена на 72 белых крысах-самцах с начальной массой тела 40–50 г. Животные были разделены на 2 серии (по 36 крыс). Первую серию составляли контрольные крысы. Животные второй серии подвергались ингаляционному воздействию формальдегида (ФА) в концентрации 2,766 мг/м3. Для характеристики изменчивости размеров органов определяли размер их центроидов. Процедуру суперимпозиции конфигураций ландмарок выполняли методом генерализованного прокрустова анализа с использованием программы MorphoJ 1.06d. Проводили анализ главных компонент и канонический анализ полученных данных. Результаты. Однофакторный дисперсионный анализ выявил высокий уровень межгрупповых различий по показателю прокрустовых расстояний (F=1,34; р<0,0001). Установлено значительное влияние продолжительности нахождения животных в условиях воздействия ФА на размер центроида. Критерий Краскела–Уоллиса составил 19,778 (р=0,0014). Анализ главных компонент указывал на то, что каждая из первых 10 компонент объясняет более 1 % дисперсии прокрустовых координат. При этом первые 7 компонент совместно объясняют 91,398 % изменчивости формы тимуса. Вклад первой главной компоненты в общую дисперсию прокрустовых координат составляет 40,236 %. РС1 (–) показывает изменения формы тимуса, в большей степени затрагивающие верхушки его долей, среднюю часть правого контура и весь левый контур тимуса. Эллипсы рассеивания ординат тимусов, принадлежащих крысам, подвергавшимся влиянию ФА, в пространстве первых двух канонических переменных расположены выше по отношению к таковым контрольных животных. Заключение. Ингаляционное воздействие формальдегида приводит к изменению формы тимуса белых крыс. Наибольшие различия с контрольными данными определяются вдоль второй канонической переменной. Ключевые слова: тимус, форма, крыса, формальдегид, геометрическая морфометрия.

scholarly journals Effects of Methanol Extract of Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) on Atherogenic Indices and Redox Status of Cellular System of Hypercholesterolemic Male Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Adekunle Adaramoye ◽  
Olubukola Oyebimpe Akanni
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Cellular System ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis ◽  
Atherogenic Indices

We investigated the effects of methanol extract ofArtocarpus altilis(AA) on atherogenic indices and redox status of cellular system of rats fed with dietary cholesterol while Questran (QUE) served as standard. Biochemical indices such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low- and high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C), aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reduced glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were assessed. Hypercholesterolemic (HC) rats had significantly increased relative weight of liver and heart. Dietary cholesterol caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in the levels of serum, hepatic, and cardiac TC by 110%, 70%, and 85%, LDL-C by 79%, 82%, and 176%, and TG by 68%, 96%, and 62%, respectively. Treatment with AA significantly reduced the relative weight of the organs and lipid parameters. There were beneficial increases in serum and cardiac HDL-C levels in HC rats treated with AA. In HC rats, serum LDH, ALT, and AST activities and levels of LPO were increased, whereas hepatic and cardiac SOD, CAT, and GPx were reduced. All biochemical and histological alterations were ameliorated upon treatment with AA. Extract of AA had protective effects against dietary cholesterol-induced hypercholesterolemia.

scholarly journals Subchronic Toxicity Study in Rats of Two New Ethyl-Carbamates with Ixodicidal Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Guadalupe Prado-Ochoa ◽  
Víctor Hugo Abrego-Reyes ◽  
Ana María Velázquez-Sánchez ◽  
Marco Antonio Muñoz-Guzmán ◽  
Patricia Ramírez-Noguera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Female and male Wistar rats were used to determine the subchronic oral toxicities of two new ethyl-carbamates with ixodicidal activities (ethyl-4-bromphenyl-carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorphenyl-carbamate). The evaluated carbamates were administered in the drinking water (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day) for 90 days. Exposure to the evaluated carbamates did not cause mortality or clinical signs and did not affect food consumption or weight gain. However, exposure to these carbamates produced alterations in water consumption, hematocrit, percentages of reticulocytes, plasma proteins, some biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cholinesterase, and creatinine activities), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and the relative weight of the spleen. Histologically, slight pathological alterations were found in the liver that were consistent with the observed biochemical alterations. The nonobserved adverse effect levels (NOAELs) of the evaluated carbamates were 12.5 mg/kg/day for both the female and male rats. The low severity and reversibility of the majority of the observed alterations suggest that the evaluated carbamates have low subchronic toxicity.

Identification of tissue insulin receptors: use of a unique in vivo radioreceptor assay

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (6) ◽  
pp. E561-E567 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Whitcomb ◽  
T. M. O'Dorisio ◽  
S. Cataland ◽  
M. A. Shetzline ◽  
M. T. Nishikawara
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Radioreceptor Assay ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Polypeptide Hormones ◽  
Tissue Receptors

An in vivo radioreceptor assay for polypeptide hormones has been developed and applied to the identification of tissue insulin receptors. The theoretical basis for this assay is presented elsewhere in this issue. 125I-insulin and 131I-albumin were infused into male rats with increasing amounts of unlabeled insulin. Plasma samples were taken at 1-min intervals until the animals were killed at 5 min. Tissue samples were excised and weighed and the activity due to each isotope counted. By comparing the differential distribution of the labeled tracers and applying the results to a compartment model, the specific, displaceable binding of insulin to tissue receptors could be demonstrated. Binding was detected in the liver, muscle, fat, adrenal glands, pancreas, small intestines, and spleen.

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