scholarly journals Razor Clams (Class Bivalvia) of Kuala Selangor, Malaysia: Morphology, Genetic Diversity and Heavy Metal Concentration

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhana Hassan ◽  
Devagi Kanakaraju
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Filter Feeder ◽  
Razor Clam ◽  
Razor Clams

Razor Clam (Bivalvia) could be easily identified as having two long, narrow shell valves connected by hinges, two siphons and one strong foot. It plays important role in ecological services besides providing food and extra income for the coastal communities. As filter feeder, razor clam is a good indicator for heavy metal contamination in aquatic environments. In Selangor, razor clam is locally known as ‘siput buluh’, yet, there is no proper scientific documentation on this species. This short study was carried out to assess the morphology of razor clams in Selangor for species identification and to sequence the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene for determination of its genetic diversity. Heavy sea traffics occurred in the sea near to the mudflat where razor clams were abundantly found has raised question whether razor clams were safe to be consumed. Therefore, this study is also designed to determine the level of selected heavy metals concentration in different body parts of razor clams. Based on selected morphometric and meristic data, razor clams of Kuala Selangor obtained during this study were Solen sarawakensis although many individuals displayed darker outer shell colouration and slightly thicker, longer and heavier shells. Based on analyses of putative COI gene sequences of approximately 677bp, there was a strong genetic divergence (11.7%) between S. sarawakensis inhabiting Kuala Selangor and Kuching Bay, Sarawak suggesting that although both razor clams were very similar morphologically, they could actually be two different species. Tissues of razor clams sampled from mudflat area in Kuala Selangor showed high concentration of Fe (146.50 mg/kg) and Mn (94.00 mg/kg). Other heavy metal elements namely Cr (42.50 mg/kg) and Cd (33.00 mg/kg) were also recorded during this study, occurring mainly in the shells. Traces of Hg were also detected, and its concentration did not differ much among the different parts analyzed.

Heavy metal concentration in soil in the tailing dam vicinity of an old gold mine in Johannesburg, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.Y. Olobatoke ◽  
M. Mathuthu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Tailing Dam ◽  
The Impact

Soil contamination with heavy metals is a serious concern to food production and human health. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of tailings from an old mining site on heavy metal contamination of soil. Using a GPS to map out different sites around the tailing dam, soil samples were taken from under grassland at the different sites, at depths of 15 cm and 1 m, using a shovel and handheld auger. The samples were prepared, acid digested, and analyzed for a multi-element suite by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Results showed heavy metal concentration in the order of Cr > Zn > As > Mn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Sr > Hg. Most of the soil samples contained high concentration of As (13.46–234.6 mg kg−1). Soil concentrations of As, Hg, Cr, and Mn also decreased with distance from the dump material. Single contamination index of each pollutant, calculated according to the South African Soil Quality Standards revealed very high and medium pollution grades for As (index = 7.39) and Cr (index = 2.16), respectively. Arsenic is a metal associated with gold ore and soil pollution by such metals can make it infertile and unsuitable for plants.

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION IN COCONUT WATER

1970 ◽  
pp. 07-10
Author(s):  
MdDidarul Islam, Ashiqur Rahaman, Aboni Afrose
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Wet Ashing ◽  
Aas Method

This study was based on determining concentration of essential and toxic heavy metal in coconut water available at a local Hazaribagh area in Dhaka, Bangladesh. All essential minerals, if present in the drinking water at high concentration or very low concentration, it has negative actions. In this study, fifteen samples and eight heavy metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method which was followed by wet ashing digestion method. The concentration obtained in mg/l were in the range of 0.3 to 1.5, 7.77 to 21.2, 0 to 0.71, 0 to 0.9, 0 to 0.2, 0.9 to 17.3, 0.1 to 0.9, 0 to 0.9 and 0 to 0.7 for Fe, Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Pb and Se respectively. From this data it was concluded that any toxic heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni exceed their toxicity level and some essential nutrients were in low concentration in those samples. 

Distribution of heavy metals in seawater, sediment and biota of Jinhae Bay, Korea

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Chan-Won ◽  
Kwon Young-Tack
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Jinhae Bay ◽  
Copper Lead

Over the past two decades, the coastal waters of Jinhae Bay have been extensively used by coastal communities and industries for the disposal of domestic and various industrial wastes, therefore increasing the level of pollutants in coastal waters with a subsequent increase in sediments, especially of heavy metals. Specific objectives of this research are to investigate the distribution of heavy metal concentration in biota, to compare the concentrations with those in sediment and water and to relate the bioconcentration to the different heavy metals in biota obtained from several sites. Sixty one percent of heavy metals was found in particulate form during the high runoff season and 32% during the dry season. The behavior of the particulate metals after flowing in to the enclosed coastal sea is an important factor in heavy metal contamination. Copper, lead and chromium contamination of sediment was revealed at several sites. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of zinc, cadmium, copper, nickel, chromium and lead by the mussel (Mytilus edulis) were determined as 2,900, 2,814, 807, 423, 228 and 127 in the decreasing order, respectively. The areas located nearest to highly populated city and industries exhibited mussels with the largest accumulation of copper, lead and chromium.

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION OF SOIL SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM THE AREA AROUND AL-MARQUB CEMENT PLANT

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dr. Salem M. ELNakeib ◽  
Dr. Fathi K. Elyaagubi ◽  
Dr. Mohamed A. Alrabib ◽  
Eng. Afaf Abouzed ◽  
Eng. Hanan Saleh Wanis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Cement Dust ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
High Concentrations

Soil samples were collected from and around Almarqub cement factory, AL-Khums city, Libya. These samples were collected from four different sites M1 (inside the factory), M2 (150 m from the factory), M3 (350 m from the factory) and M4 (60 km away from the factory as the control samples. The study was conducted to determine the heavy metal concentration in the soil. Organic matter, pH and water content value were determined according to the method described by Chaturvedi and Sankar (2006). Metals were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results obtained for the examined physiochemical properties of soil in the area studied prove that cement dust from the Almarqub cement factory has had a significant impact on the soil. The affected soil properties are pH and total calcium content. These properties were found to be higher than those in similar soils from the same area unpolluted. The increase of soil pH in the same area may be a result of precipitation of cement dust over the years. Metal uptake from cement to soil and plants. Metals determined in contamination soil indicated high concentrations in M1 inside cement factory compared to soil samples as control. Results of the analysis have shown that there are signs of slight impact of soil properties arising from the cement dust on the soils, especially at location inside the factory. Recommendations were offered to monitor the dust falling on the soils through trapping and utilizing the dust emissions of cement.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of Total Hydrocarbon and Heavy Metals in Body Parts of the West African Red Mangrove Crab (Goniopsis pelii) in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aroloye O. Numbere
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
West African ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
The West ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon ◽  
Red Mangrove ◽  
Mangrove Crab

This study is based on bioaccumulation of total hydrocarbon (THC) and heavy metals in body parts of the West African red mangrove crab (G. pelii), which inhabit polluted mangrove forests. Thirty crabs were captured in October, 2018 and sorted into male and female. Their lengths and widths were measured, and body parts dismembered and oven-dried at 70 ͦ C for 48 hours. Physicochemical analysis for Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and THC was measured by spectrophotometric method using HACH DR 890 colorimeter (wavelength 420 nm) and microwave accelerated reaction system (MARS Xpress, North Carolina) respectively. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in THC and heavy metals in the body parts of crabs.  However, Zinc was highest in claw (993.4±91.3 mg/l) and body tissues (32.5±1.9 mg/l), Pb was highest in carapace (34.6±2.8 mg/l) and gill (151.9±21.6 mg/l) while THC was highest in intestine (39.5±2.9 mg/l) and gut (52.4±13.4 mg/l). The order of concentration is Zn>Pb>THC>Cd. Male crabs had slightly higher THC and heavy metal concentration than female crabs probably because of their large size. There is negative correlation between carapace area and THC concentration (R = -0.246), meaning THC decreases with increasing carapace size. Internal parts of crab had higher THC and heavy metal concentration than external parts. These results show that there is high bioaccumulation of THC and heavy metals in crab, which is above WHO/FAO standard. This implies that the crabs are unfit for human consumption. The smaller the crab the better it is for consumption in terms of bioaccumulation of pollutants.

scholarly journals Novel banana peel/graphene oxide derived biosorbent for water purification

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
Rong Wu ◽  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Aman Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Clean Contaminated

More than 100 million tons of banana peels are produced annually, and about 40 million banana peels (40% of total weight) remain greatly unused. Hence, exploring banana peels’ ability to clean contaminated water would bring an additional value to the current “waste” product. One of the most common aspects of water pollution currently is heavy metal contamination, which is particularly dangerous for humans due to its high toxicity. Banana peels contain a high concentration of carbohydrates, the two most abundant being cellulose and starch, which has multiple hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups. Banana peels are an easily available and cost-effective adsorbent that can adsorb different kinds of heavy metal ions. This research primarily focuses on improving the current efficiency of this technique through the development of a banana peel/graphene oxide hybrid adsorbent. The cross-linking graphene oxide possess numerous hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, and epoxide functional groups that can be used to induce chemical reactions with banana peel carbohydrates, providing the graphene oxide with additional functional groups. This modification can potentially increase the adsorption capacity of banana peel derived adsorbents. It is evident through FTIR analysis that banana peel powder and graphene oxide have many functional groups of similar types. Thus, reactions can readily occur to combine the two substances. The TGA analysis of both compounds, however, indicates different patterns of thermal decomposition. Further thermal analysis is required for the hybrid adsorbent. After the development and characterization of this hybrid adsorbent, the next step is to complete a water purification analysis. In the future, banana peel/graphene oxide derived adsorbent may serve as a sustainable and efficient solution for water purification.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Contain Cu and Cd on the Mullet in the estuary of Donan River, Cilacap, Central Java

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudha Prastyo ◽  
Djamar T.F Lumban Batu ◽  
Sulistiono Sulistiono
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Aquatic Area ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Safety Limit

The estuary of Donan River is an aquatic area that commonly utilized for some activities such as industrial, fisheries and domestic activities. The effluents of many activities may be cause heavy metal contamination for water enivornemant and organism live in the water. The aim of this research was to analyse heavy metal contain Cu and Cd on the mullet (Chelon subviridis) muscle caught at estuary of Donan River, and to determine the safety limit for community consumption. Sampling had been carried out for 6 months, from August 2015 to January 2016. Heavy metal concentration was measured by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). Result of the study shows that heavy metal Cu and Cd in the fish muscle were 0.5009-2.6021 mg/kg and 0.0165-0.2307 mg/kg, respectively that were higher than safety limit.  Based on the study, the safety limit for consumption is 151.72 g meat/week (for adult 50 kg body weight) and 45.52<br />g meat/week (for child 15 kg body weight).

The genetic diversity of Asplenium viride (Aspleniaceae) fern colonizing heavy metal-polluted sites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Woch ◽  
Grzegorz ◽  
Iwona Jedrzejczyk ◽  
Marek Podsiedlik ◽  
Anna Stefanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Heavy metals can affect the morphology, physiology and evolution of plants. Asplenium viride is a diploid species, belonging to the largest genus of the cosmopolitan fern family Aspleniaceae, and occurring on various types of alkaline rocks. It is known to colonize sites with high concentrations of heavy metals, exhibiting changes in frond morphology. Microevolutionary processes, manifesting as changes in genome size and new genotype formation, can ultimately lead to the formation of new subspecies and speciation. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and genetic diversity of A. viride, and to test for a potential correlation between variability and heavy metal concentration. Analysis of A. viride specimens, from one metalliferous site and five non-metalliferous localities, showed no apparent variation in genome size between plants from affected and non-affected sites. There was no significant correlation between genetic variability and heavy metal concentration. This was possibly due to intragametophytic selfing, caused by patchy habitats and subsequent founder effects, resulting from long-distance colonization by single spores.

scholarly journals Monitoring of heavy metal contamination of soil and plants (for example, Potentilla tanacetifolia Willd. ex Schlecht.) of natural ecosystems in Chita urban areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Galina Yurievna Samoilenko ◽  
Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Bondarevich ◽  
Natalia Nikolaevna Kotsyurzhinskaya ◽  
Igor Anatolyevich Boriskin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium Lead

The paper presents data on the content of gross and mobile forms of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in the soils of Chita and its surroundings. The paper contains a comparative analysis of the accumulation (Kn) and movement (KP) coefficients of these microelements in organs ( Potentilla tanacetifolia Willd. ex Schlecht.), relative to their gross content and mobile forms in soils. The authors have revealed that soil samples of the studied sites contain unequal gross amount of heavy metals. In some points (6 and 3) the content of cadmium and zinc exceeded the Mac, that is why such soils have been attributed to heavily polluted. The index of biological activity on mobile forms of heavy metals in all sites significantly exceeded the same index on gross forms. It was found that Potentilla tanacetifolia are accumulators of heavy metal ions. Aboveground bodies accumulate and absorb cadmium and copper especially intensively, thus the content of mobile forms of these metals in the soil is insignificant. Excessive adsorption of trace elements in the phytomass of plants can be connected with surface contamination. According to the content of zinc and lead, the accumulation values in the organs of P. tanacetifolia were characterized by small coefficient values, against the background of their high concentration in the soil.

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