scholarly journals Directions of review of the system of VAT reliefs in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (9) ◽  
pp. 7-35
Author(s):  
Alla SOKOLOVSKA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

In the conditions of searching for ways to fill the state budget, reforming the system of VAT reliefs, losses from which make up more than 70% of total losses from tax benefits in Ukraine, can be an effective alternative to raising tax rates. The purpose of the article is to determine the directions of revision of the system of VAT reliefs in Ukraine in the context of the implementation of the Association Agreement with the European Union and its Member States. The subject of the study are two forms of reliefs – exemptions from tax and the use of its reduced rates. In addition, validity of qualification of the operations specified in Art. 196 of the Tax Code of Ukraine, as those that are not subject to VAT taxation, is considered, and it is established how one or another transaction should be qualified in accordance with Council Directive 2006/112/EC. A comparative analysis of VAT reliefs in Ukraine and the EU countries has shown that in addition to exemptions similar to those provided in the Council Directive 2006/112/EC, the Tax Code of Ukraine includes exemptions from transactions that are allowed to be taxed with the Directive at reduced rates, as well as exemptions which are not provided by the Directive. On the other hand, some mandatory exemptions under Council Directive 2006/112/EC do not apply in Ukraine. There are certain inconsistencies in the definition of transactions, the taxation of which at reduced rates is provided in the Tax Code of Ukraine and in Council Directive 2006/112/EC. The established differences determine the possible directions of revision of the system of VAT reliefs in Ukraine. However, its real scale may be different. Ukraine can go both by minimizing the system of tax preferences by refusing not only the exemptions which are not provided by the Council Directive 2006/112/EC, but also by transforming certain exemptions into taxation at a reduced rate, and by maximizing the opportunities for preferential taxation provided by the Directive. It is concluded that the choice of a certain kind of path will be influenced by the following factors: uncertainty of Ukraine’s accession to the EU, which puts our country not in such a rigid framework in the context of compliance with EU legislation as candidate countries; the state of public finances in our country: the need to expand the fiscal space and the possibility (their absence) of its expansion at the expense of sources not related to tax benefits; the presence of political will at the leadership of the state to optimize tax preferences.

scholarly journals Opodatkowanie gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce podatkiem dochodowym od osób fizycznych

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Mielczarek
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Scientific Value

Aim: The paper deals with the subject of the shift in Poland's form of agricultural taxation from agricultural tax to personal income tax. The author decided to explore this topic since the taxation of agriculture is an important issue from the standpoint of economic practice. In addition, a similar solution exists virtually in all the European Union countries. The research objective of this paper is an attempt to assess the fiscal consequences for the state arising from the change of the agricultural taxation form.Design/Research methods: The paper employs literature research and examines legal acts, as well as conducts empirical simulation. The literature research and that concerned with legislation were aimed at presenting the forms of agricultural taxation in the EU countries and the approaches to taxing agricultural incomes. The empirical simulation of fiscal effects of agricultural taxation in Poland has been carried out in three scenarios: general (using different sample rates), comparing with agricultural tax, and revenues distribution across the state budget and territorial self-government units.Conclusion/findings: The empirical studies conducted for the years 2010-2014 have shown that replacing agricultural tax with income tax would be a good solution for farmers, provided that low tax rates were to be applied. At higher rates, this solution would be unfavorable. At the same time, the replacement of agricultural tax with income tax would benefit the state and regional governments and counties, as their budgets would gain additional tax revenues. On the other hand, the municipal government would benefit with the application of tax rates higher than 10%.Originality/value of the paper: In the context of the existing research, the scientific value of the paper consists in the comparison of the amount of agricultural tax receipts with those from the farm income taxation.

scholarly journals Modeling of the Excise Taxation Influence on Components of Human Potential

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-116
Author(s):  
Serhii Londar ◽  
Liudmila Kozarezenko
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Excise Tax

The purpose of the research is analysis of a model of influence of excise tax rate increase for tobacco products in Ukraine on financial indices of state funds, prevalence of tobacco smoking, and indices of society health. Due to the results of research, the author determined the opportunities of the excise tax for tobacco smoking prevalence regulation in Ukraine. The dynamics of changes of specific and ad valorem rates of the excise tax and the dynamics of its contribution to the revenues of the State Budget of Ukraine were analyzed. The author estimated the changes of tobacco smoking prevalence in Ukraine on the basis of an adapted imitation model under conditions of increase of excise tax rates to the level of rates of the European Union countries. The research shows the excise tax is an effective financial regulator of tobacco smoking prevalence in Ukraine and it influences a population health condition. Increase of the excise tax rates causes reduction of amounts of tobacco product consumption and decrease of the share of smoking adults. Gradual increase of the Ukrainian rates to the level of the EU before 2018 may allow pulling from 1.0 to 1.9 million of people through premature death. Aside from a positive social effect of health enhancement, increase of the share of excise tax within a structure of a retail price of tobacco products will positively influence the growth of tax incomings to the State Budget. Consequently, under the Ukrainian contemporary economic environment the excise tax is an effective financial regulator of tobacco smoking prevalence.

scholarly journals Tendencies in the transformation of the legal foundations of European integration of Ukraine at the present stage

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Perederii
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
The Eu

The article presents and reveals the main tendencies of transformation of the legislative foundations of European integration of Ukraine at the present stage of state formation. While analyzing the problems of implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, the author highlights and reveals the content of three main tendencies that are characteristic for the development of the legislative basis of the European integration policy. In particular, the expanding of the current Constitution of Ukraine with the rules on the irreversibility of the European integration course, updating of normative documents regulating the planned character and gradual implementation of the provisions of the Association Agreement, amending the current version of the Association Agreement in order to update its provisions.  The attention is drawn to the fact that the modification of the legislative foundations of Ukraine's European integration course is an important political and legal factor for the transformation of not only the system of the legal system of the state in the formal sense, but also of the legal consciousness of the broad masses of the population. This is explained by the phenomenon of the action of so-called «future law». In practical terms, such a phenomenon manifests itself in the fact that in the society on the mental level there is an increasing level of expectations from the state to activate pro-European policy, further reforming of the national law in the direction of implementation of European models of social regulation. Accordingly, there is an impact on the minds of people by "future norms of law", which are designed to regulate social relations, which are just beginning to emerge.           Further priorities of expanding the legislative foundations of Ukraine's European integration are outlined. In particular, it is the optimization of the mechanism of substantial realization of European integration transformations in the practice of national state administration, as well as the preparation of legislative support to overcome the global political risks and economic threats that may occur in connection with the implementation of the Association Agreement. First of all, Ukraine should develop and accumulate the practice of applying the legislation in the sphere of increasing the investment attractiveness of Ukraine, guaranteeing the legal protection of foreign investments, adjusting the national manufacturing sector of Ukraine to the EU requirements, harmonizing the national model of legal regulation of the labor market with the EU, enhancing the institutional focus of the Ukrainian authorities to implement the EU Directives.

scholarly journals Ensuring the Economic Security of Ukraine in the Aspect of the Association Agreement Between the EU

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Leonid Mohilevskyi ◽  
Viktoryia Fursa ◽  
Iryna Sievidova ◽  
Mykola Komziuk ◽  
Olga Khloponina-Gnatenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Economic Market ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Security Indicators ◽  
The Eu

The study characterizes economic security as a set of conditions that are necessary to ensure the normal economic development of the country and restore the gap in development in comparison with European countries during Ukraine's integration into the EU. It is shown that ensuring economic security is an important function of the state. The problem of economic security arises not only from the definition of the internal policy of the state, but also determines the issues of foreign strategy. The necessity of calculating the main safety criteria has been proved, allowing to anticipate possible dangers, determine potential current and future damage and take preventive measures. Stability and development require a dynamic approach to solving the problem of economic security. This is mainly due to the rapid change in indicators of economic security and indicators with a change in the operating conditions of international, political, economic, market and other systems. The urgency of solving the problems of economic security is based on the need to get rid of the dependence of the national economy on the level of competition in world markets. This is due to the emergence of serious economic risks arising when the actual values ​​of economic security indicators go beyond the threshold levels. The current level of economic security has been investigated by calculating indicators that characterize all sectors of the national economy. The most problematic areas requiring immediate response have been identified. The presented methodology for calculating the integral indicator of the economic security of Ukraine quite accurately describes the current state of the national economy and can be practically applicable to domestic and foreign government bodies in the analysis of critical vulnerabilities of national economic security.

scholarly journals Foreign Trade Relations of Ukraine with the EU Countries: State, Trends and Development Priorities

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
I. Mytsenko ◽  
◽  
M. Sukhomlyn ◽  
O. Yurchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
The State ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Eu

In modern conditions, the involvement degree of any country in the international economic relations is determined to a significant extent by the state of its foreign trade activities. For Ukraine, the European Union is a key trading partner. The signing of the Association Agreement with the EU provided Ukrainian producers with the opportunity to increase their presence in European markets, but at the same time it was accompanied by a number of problems and risks. The main ones are tariff quotas and high technical barriers to entry into the EU market. This study aims to analyze the state and development trends of foreign trade relations between Ukraine and the EU under the conditions of the Association Agreement and the resulting benefits and risks for domestic producers and, on this basis, substantiate the priorities of deepening these relations, taking into account national interests as a prerequisite for increasing the competitive economy of Ukraine. It was found that Ukraine has the potential to enhance export opportunities in general and with the European Union in particular. Amendments to the Association Agreement, the signing of the ACAA Agreement is a necessary institutional framework, a driver that will allow Ukraine to intensify, deepen and diversify its trade activities with the EU countries. It was revealed that raw materials prevail in the structure of Ukraine's merchandise exports to the EU, however, compared to 2013, its share has significantly decreased - by 14.3%. The structure of Ukraine's merchandise imports from the EU is more diversified, it is based on engineering and pharmaceutical products, as well as mineral products, polymer materials and plastics. The share of these products in the total volume of Ukraine's merchandise imports during 2013-2020 remains high and ranges from 54-56 %. Such trends testify to the import dependence of the Ukrainian economy and require an urgent solution. Based on the results of the analysis, it was determined that machinery-producing industries are promising from the point of view of further increasing the export opportunities of Ukraine to the EU. To support and develop them, it is proposed to carry out systematic and systematic measures, taking into account the obligations that Ukraine assumed by signing the Association Agreement with the EU. Special economic zones, science parks, technology parks and clusters are considered as tools to support the export potential of domestic engineering and the economic potential of the national economy. The effectiveness of these structures has been confirmed by numerous studies and successful international experience.

scholarly journals Conceptual bases of the strategy of formation and implementation of state policy in the sphere of European integration of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Valeriі Rіeznikov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
European Integration ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
The Eu

The newest policy of Ukraine should be to develop such state concepts, strategies and programs that would contribute to the European integration of the country, taking into account the current challenges of today. The purpose of the article is to define the conceptual foundations of the strategy of formation and implementation of state policy in the sphere of European integration of Ukraine in modern conditions. The conceptual framework of the national strategy for the European integration of Ukraine is a general concept of the country’s long-term actions, a certain model of the mission realization and achievement of long-term goals, which defines its development prospects, main directions and priorities of activity in the European integration sphere. Such a generalized European integration concept of Ukraine is reflected in the relevant state documents, laws and by-laws, and within the framework of the state strategy, strategies for development of various spheres, sectors and sectors of economy and public life are developed and implemented in accordance with the existing requirements, rules and regulations of the euro framework documents.A significant event in the European integration of Ukraine into the EU was the introduction of amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine (concerning the strategic course of the state for the acquisition of full membership of Ukraine in the European Union and in the Organization of the North Atlantic Treaty). In addition to the issues related to the implementation of the Association Agreement, further progress on the European integration of Ukraine should also take place in the following areas: associations with the Schengen area; accession to the EU customs union; accession to the EU Energy Union; the entry into force of the common aviation space; joining the digital market, etc.Integration with the EU is an important component of Ukraine’s foreign policy. However, conceptually, European integration should be seen first and foremost as a comprehensive domestic state policy aimed at introducing reforms and transformations that are necessary and important for Ukrainian society, and only then, as a component of foreign state policy, which depends largely on the political will of the EU on the pace and full integration with our country. Thus, the strategy of Ukraine’s integration into the European Union should ensure the country’s accession to the European political, legal, economic, informational and security space. Obtaining full EU membership in the medium term on this basis should become a major foreign policy priority of Ukraine’s policy formulation and implementation policy in the face of contemporary challenges of today.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE EU IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Safonchyk ◽  
Konstiantyn Vitman
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Eu

In the world practice, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is recognized an important component of sustainable development strategy, for which reason governments of many countries pay considerable attention to the promotion of CSR ideas at the national level, creating favourable conditions for socially responsible behaviour of national and foreign enterprises. The author aims to analyse the experience of regulation of corporate social responsibility policy in the EU Member States, to show the practice of national governments of the EU Member States in the field of CSR, and to determine prospects of corporate social responsibility at the modern development stage in view of implementing the concept of sustainable development. Summarizing approaches to the definition of CSR, it can be emphasized that CSR should positively influence society, in which the enterprise operates. It is a free choice in favour of increasing the welfare and moral and ethical values of society through appropriate approaches to doing business. Relations between enterprises both in the European Union and in other countries are increasingly based on the principles of CSR. Compliance with these principles becomes an important prerequisite for attracting foreign investment and obtaining government orders. In the international context, CSR is an efficient instrument to develop partnership and cooperation of countries in the context of achieving the Millennium Development Goals, to control the negative influence of the industrial sector on ecology, to prevent social crises, as a consequence, to ensure sustainable development of the world civilisation. Among the European institutions, the European Commission’s committees play a key role in disseminating the idea of CSR. One of the main factors in strengthening the EU economy is considered precisely the stable growth based on the rational use of resources, ecology, and competition. Plans of the Strategy for 2012–2015–2020 clearly show that the European Union intends to strengthen control over economic management and “voluntarily oblige” the business to follow the rules of CSR. The goal of a new CSR Strategy is to create conditions favourable for sustainable development, responsible business conduct, and permanent employment in the medium and long term. Key changes in comparison with the policy for 2010 – definition of corporate social responsibility as “Responsibility of enterprises for their impact on society” and rejection of the principle of voluntariness: “the European Commission recognizes that some regulations stimulate CSR, therefore, public authorities should support the CSR development by applying a mix of voluntary and regulatory policies”. As the study showed, the governments of the EU countries are actively engaged in the development and promotion of corporate social responsibility. The role of the state is manifested in the implementation of the following key functions: the state as a legislator and a controlling authority; the state as an employer; the state as a consumer and a buyer; the state as a partner; the state as an institutional investor; the state as a participant in international relations. The most significant results have been achieved by those EU Member States that use the systemic approach to CSR development. In these countries, responsible state structures have been formed that coordinate work in all areas. The approach to the choice of instruments is individual and is selected taking into account the priorities of the country’s socio-economic development and the importance of economic, environmental, and social aspects. An example of Great Britain, France, Belgium, Estonia, and Spain shows the possibility of successful CSR development.

scholarly journals Comprehensive approach in public pension system management as one of the directions of European integration development of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
N. Zelenko ◽  
V. Zelenko
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Pension ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
System Management ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Public Pension System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The main problems of the improvement of the efficiency of public pension system management in Ukraine are analyzed by the authors in this paper. The necessity of application of the comprehensive approach to these processes is substantiated due to the results of scientific investigations. The authors analyze the impact of wage shadowing on the budget of the Pension Fund of Ukraine. Conditional wages calculation is carried out. According to this calculation the state actually has revenues about a third of the amount of funds paid to the employee in the form of wages taking into account all deductions, taxes and charges However, the investigation also shows that for VAT companies there is indirect tax burden on sole proprietorships, which in some cases increases the «tax» almost by half. Special attention is paid to the problem of labor migration from Ukraine to EU. The investigation indicates that Ukraine is introducing changes to reform the social insurance system, using the long-term experience of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as the Baltic States. In addition, such reforms have previously been carried out in Chile, Kazakhstan and other countries. The need to introduce the state accumulative pension component in Ukraine, to which contributions should be paid in the form of payroll deductions is also pointed out, as the EU experience shows that this fact stimulates workers and makes them more responsible for their pension savings. Within the framework of comprehensive approach, it is proposed to apply the marketing approach to the pension system management. The importance of the implementation of the Association Agreement with the European Union in terms of cooperation in the field of employment, social policy and equal opportunities, as well as the impact on the functioning of pension system for certain terms of national legislation is indicated. On the basis of analysis carried out in theoretical and practical terms, the need to develop not only three-level pension system, but also to take into account the recommendations of the World Bank concerning five-level system formation is substantiated. The government should achieve the new quality in public administration, both by the processes of pension reform and in relation to the socio-economic development of the country in general actively adapting the EU experience in the application of comprehensive approach tools.

Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
M. Klinova ◽  
E. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Year 2013

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.

Ground of mechanism of pay in a budget for the pipelinetransporting of hydrocarbon commodities

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Adam Bodіuk
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hydrocarbon Transport

The subject of the study is the mechanism for determining the fiscal fee forthe main transportation of hydrocarbon goods as a resource concept. The purposeof this article is to justify the nature and prospects of using, instead of currentrent, hydrocarbon fiscal-main income as a fiscal payment, which is brought intothe state budget by operators of the main hydrocarbon-transport system as business entities for their transportation of hydrocarbons and products of their processing through main pipelines appropriate to the economic requirements. Theresearch methodology is determined by a combination of methods: a) cognition:legal analysis (study of the regulatory framework for the use of rent); b) justification: abstract logical analysis (definition of the concepts of hydrocarbon fiscalmain income); c) generalization (substantiation of conclusions and proposals).Results of work. In the process of analyzing the regulatory legal acts that regulate the use of current annuity as payment to the budget for the main transportation of hydrocarbons, it was established that it is not a tax in the interpretationof PKU, since the essence does not meet the official definition of tax, does notmeet the accepted definition of the concept of rent. The accepted nature andmechanism of paying rent for the transportation of hydrogen resources and associated revenues of the state and users of the main hydrogen transport systemand the unpromising nature of its use as a fiscal payment are analyzed. Conclusions.It is proposed that the state pay for the territorial pumping of hydrocarbon resources according to our triple principle as hydrocarbon fiscal-main income, whichcorresponds to its essence, and accordingly change the mechanism for calculatingand depositing funds to treasury accounts. Since the funds come to the revenueside of the state budget, that is, inherently belong to state revenue. The creationof such a mechanism needs certain studies, justifications and government decisions. The same applies to land use, since the quality indicators of soils, wherethe laid pipelines are territorially different. In addition, there is a process ofchanging land for its intended purpose, for the property. The fee for movinghydrocarbon resources should be calculated depending on the type of transport,including pipelines, for a set of indicators: quantity and quality of goods, time,main tariffs and distance of its movement. The amount may be adjusted usingfactors officially established by the CMU. Since the pipelines are located in territorial lands, part of this fee should be transferred to the territorial local budgets.Theoretically, the economic use of trunk pipelines should be considered as a typeof economic environmental management. Therefore, this type of government revenue should be determined by a set of indicators, as well as taking into account the economic interests of business entities authorized by the CMU. Thus, theimplementation of our proposed fiscal payment is relevant, has scientific noveltyand promising practical significance, therefore, for state recognition it is proposedto include it in the Tax Code of Ukraine.

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