scholarly journals Biodegradation of tannery effluent and its impact on seed germination of Oryza sativa

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Jenny Sivakumar ◽  
Malliga Perumal
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Industrial Complexes

Environmental pollution, especially of water bodies, is one of the major problems and it is increased day by day. The contamination of environment with various toxic metals is a serious threat for ecosystem and human health. Industrial effluents may contain toxic metals, harmful volatile compounds and several organic and inorganic compounds such as chromium, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and lead which are directly or indirectly discharged into the environment without adequate treatment. However, tannery industries are the major source of chromium contamination into the environment. Tanneries are typically characterized as pollution intensive industrial complexes which generate widely varying, high-strength wastewaters. The discharge of these toxic effluents has been a major loss from the ecological, social and economic perspective. There are many conventional physiochemical methods available for the removal of heavy metals from the tannery effluents that are highly expensive and require skilled techniques. However, microbial reduction of toxic chromium to non-toxic chromium by chromium resistance microorganism is the most pragmatic approach that offers an economical as well as eco-friendly process. Hence, this study examines the biodegradation of tannery effluent and its impacts on the germination of Oryza sativa seeds.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Analysis and Microbial Diversity of Yamuna Water and Industrial Effluents

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Gupta ◽  
Monika Asthana ◽  
Avnish Kumar ◽  
Siddhartha Barun
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Textile Effluents ◽  
Standard Values

Pollution has arisen as a serious environmental concern to the present world after industrialization of human societies. It has severely affected our air, soil and water sources. Looking to its global, national, regional and local dimensions, it is now imperative to check it at each and every level. In the present study, 8 samples (3 Yamuna water samples, 3 tannery effluent samples and 2 textile effluent samples), were collected from different sites of Yamuna and exit points of textile and tannery Industries. Water and effluent samples were analysed for various physicochemical parameters (pH, TDS, hardness, chloride and BOD) using conventional methods. Afterwards these samples were utilized for isolation of the native bacterial species. All the samples were showing higher than the standard values for TDS (500mg/l), hardness (80-100 mg/l), chloride (250mg/l) and BOD (30mg/l). It was observed that the tannery effluents were showing maximum TDS values(1190-1240mg/l), followed by textile effluents (1190 and 1210mg/l) and Yamuna water (530-1180mg/l).Similarly, in case of chloride content, highest concentration range(828.8-1598mg/l)was shown by tannery effluents.  pH value was nearly neutral for Yamuna water, slightly  acidic in case of textile effluents and more acidic for tannery samples. Highest range of hardness values were observed for the tannery effluents (860-880mg/l) followed by textile effluents (760 and 860mg/l). The BOD values were nearly similar for all the samples with maximum values being observed for tannery effluents (42-48 mg/l). Thus it can be inferred that all the samples were highly polluted and need to be treated by suitable methods. There were 11 cultures purified, that could be employed in bioremediation purposes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10352Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 199-205 

scholarly journals Study on the comet assay and micronucleus test in eudrilus eugeniae earthworms’ coelomocytes exposed with tannery industrial effluents

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Mathivanan R ◽  
Chandirasekar R
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Test Result

Tannery effluents having the different kind’s chemical compounds are extensively used to the production of leather industries and it’s considered as rich potential of environmental pollutant.Earthworms are easily affecting the toxic chemical in environmentally and in this organism is good experimental animal for monitoring the soil pollution and terrestrial ecosystem. In this study, we taken from the industrial raw tannery effluents and the experimental animal in earthworm species of Eudrilus eugeniae (10 for each group) were introduced to 48 hrs for tannery effluent in five different concentrations like 10 ml, 20ml, 30ml, 40 ml, and 50 ml and to find out LC50 level. The LC50 was found at 35 ml concentration. The study was used to the LC50/2, LC50, 2XLC50 for 48 hrs. Then the genotoxicity level was evaluated in Eudrilus eugeniae species. After that we collect earthworm’s coelomocytes by using the micronucleus (MN) test and comet assay (CA) test. Result of the study, MN and CA level was significantly increased in both genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assays and the high concentration of effluent to promote the increased level of DNA damage and micronucleus in Eudrilus eugenie species.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Tannic Acid, Chromium and Cadmium Present in Leather Industrial Effluents Using Microorganisms Isolated from Leather Industrial Sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 503-512
Author(s):  
Roselin K ◽  
J. Caroline Rose
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Tannery Sludge ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Industrial Sludge ◽  
Tannery Waste ◽  
Paracoccus Pantotrophus

The present work was aimed to isolate indigenous predominant adapted Bacterial strains from tannery waste which possess the ability to detoxify and degrade Tannic acid, Chromium and Cadmium from tannery effluent. Fifteen bacterial strains were isolated from tannery sludge samples out of which Paracoccus pantotrophus (Tannery Waste 15) and Bacillus velezensis (Tannery Waste 17) were found to be the most efficient isolates. Degradation of Tannic acid, Cadmium and Chromium were evaluated for the two selected isolates. Better degradation of heavy metals was recorded in co-cultured media on day 7. From the study, it is evident that both P. pantotrophus and B. velezensis have has the ability to degrade tannic acid with maximum degradation on day 7 and absorbance was found to be 0.915 and 0.383 respectively. The strain P. pantotrophus showed better tannic acid degradation than B. velezensis. Better degradation was observed with co-culturing of both the strains with absorbance of 0.274. Optimal cadmium degradation was observed on day 7 with OD 2.013 and 1.709 for B. velezensis and P. pantotrophus respectively. P. pantotrophus showed better cadmium degradation when compared to B. velezensis. Chromium degradation was maximum on day 7 and absorbance was 2.096 for P. pantotrophus and 0.560 for B. velezensis. The isolates recorded an acceptable reduction in the concentration of Tannin, Chromium and Cadmium in tannery effluent. The results of this showed that the isolates reduced the concentration of Tannin, Chromium and Cadmium present in the raw tannery effluent and suggest that the organisms can be used as a possible treatment of tannery effluents. Keywords: Bio-degradation, Bacillus velezensis, Paracoccuspantotrophus, Chromium, Cadmium, Tannic acid, Tannery effluent.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Toxicity on Ctenopharyngodon idella Due to Tannery Effluent Remediated by Constructed Wetland Technology

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Sobia Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Sana Ashraf ◽  
Sajid Rashid Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Test Species

Aquatic pollution caused by industrial effluents is an environmental issue, imposing deleterious impacts on the overall environment, specifically, on humans, by disrupting the balance of the ecosystem. Among all the industries, tanneries are considered some of the most polluting due to heavy use of toxic organic and inorganic compounds during leather processing, most of which find their way into rivers, lakes, and streams, thus exerting adverse effects on aquatic life, particularly on fish. Considering the huge concentrations of pollutants present in tannery effluents, toxicity evaluation is of prime importance. Therefore, bioassays are usually employed to assess the acute toxicity of industrial effluents and efficiency of effluent clean-up technologies as they provide a thorough response of test species to the substances present in the tested media. In the present study, the toxic effects of tannery effluent on common grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were studied for 96 h in laboratory conditions. The effluent was added at different concentrations, before and after treatment by constructed wetlands (CWs). During this period, mortality data was collected to calculate the 96 h-LC50 (lethal concentration inducing 50% mortality) and acute toxicity of C. idella. In addition to this, observations on change in morphological, physiological, and behavioural patterns were also made every 24 h. The present toxicity assay revealed that the raw tannery effluent changed the morphology, physiology, and behavioural response of fish. Moreover, fish exposure to raw/untreated effluent caused high acute toxicity and 100% mortality, due to the presence of high concentrations of salts and chromium (Cr) metal. While treatment of tannery effluent by CWs vegetated with different plants (B. mutica, L. fusca, and T. domingensis) significantly reduced its toxicity and fish mortality as well, and inoculation of salt and Cr-tolerant endophytic bacteria (Enterobacter sp. HU38, Microbacterium arborescens HU33, and Pantoea stewartii ASI11) further reduced (up to 90%) its toxicity level. Hence, the use of CWs for tannery effluent treatment can be recommended to favour public health and promote the overall safety of the environment.

scholarly journals Bioreduction of Cr(VI) by Viable Cells and Cell-Free Extract of a Moderate Halophile, Halomonas Smyrnensis KS802 and Evaluation of Their in Vitro Efficacy in Tannery Effluent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhuma Biswas ◽  
AK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Chromate Reduction ◽  
Cell Free Extract ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Moderate Halophile ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Halomonas Smyrnensis

Abstract The present study was aimed to characterize the chromate reducing ability of cells and cell-free extract (CFE) of Halomonas smyrnensis KS802 (GenBank Accession No. KU982965) and evaluate their effectiveness in tannery effluents. Viable cells of the strain reduced 200 µM Cr(VI) in basal medium for halophiles (MH) in 10 h and was inversely proportional to Cr(VI) concentrations. The rapid reduction by cells (10⁹ cells/mL) was achieved with 7.5% NaCl, at pH 7 and 37°C which increased with increasing cell density (10¹° cells/mL). While acetate, Cu³⁺, Fe³⁺, SO₄²⁻, and CO₃²⁻ were stimulating the reduction, the inhibitors retarded the process significantly. The NADH-dependent chromate reduction of the CFE was found to be constitutive with Km and Vmax values of 56.58 µM and 3.37 µM/min/mg protein respectively. The optimal reductase activity of the CFE was evident at 200 µM Cr(VI), 10% NaCl, pH 8.0 and at 45°C. A higher concentration of CFE and electron donors increased the enzyme activity but was impacted negatively by toxic metals and anions. Both the cells and CFE were capable of reducing Cr(VI) remarkably from tannery effluent. FTIR and XRD spectra of chromate reducing cells confirmed possible complexation of reduced Cr-species with functional groups on cell surface.

scholarly journals High Strength Wastewater Reclamation Capacity of Vetiver Grass in Tropics: The Case of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117863022110601
Author(s):  
Mekonnen Birhanie Aregu ◽  
Negasa Eshete Soboksa ◽  
Girum Gebremeskel Kanno
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Vetiver Grass ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation

It is generally accepted that industrial wastewater like tannery effluent is high strength wastewater. The aim of this study was to examine the capacity of Vetiver grass for the treatment of high strength wastewater in a constructed wetland. Two constructed wetland beds were designed and one of them was not planted used as a control group. The grass was planted with 20 cm by 20 cm distance from each seedling. The biometric characteristics of Vetiver grass was evaluated by taking randomly selected clusters of the grass. The concentration of chromium in the extract of parts of the grass was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The Chromium bioaccumulation and Translocation factor was estimated. Composite samples before and after treatment of 4 different hydraulic retention time was collected. The physiochemical analysis of the wastewater has been carried out. The constructed wetland bed with Vetiver grass performed that, BOD, COD, NH4-N, NO3-N, TN, PO4-P, and TP were reduced at the retention time of 9 days by 91.9%, 96.3%, 62%, 86%, 88.7%, 96.3%, and 92.2% respectively. Chromium was also reduced by 97% at retention time of both 7 and 9 days over the planted bed. The bed with plant performs significantly better than without plant at P-value <.01. Therefore, Vetiver grass has a capacity to reclaim high strength industrial wastewater in tropical areas.

scholarly journals Detection of Tannery Effluents Induced DNA Damage in Mung Bean by Use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Raj ◽  
Sharad Kumar ◽  
Izharul Haq ◽  
Mahadeo Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Treated Effluents

Common effluent treatment plant (CETP) is employed for treatment of tannery effluent. However, the performance of CETP for reducing the genotoxic substances from the raw effluent is not known. In this study, phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of tannery effluents were investigated in mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). For this purpose, untreated and treated tannery effluents were collected from CETP Unnao (UP), India. Seeds of mung bean were grown in soil irrigated with various concentrations of tannery effluents (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) for 15 days. Inhibition of seed germination was 90% by 25% untreated effluent and 75% treated effluent, compared to the control. Plant growth was inhibited by 51% and 41% when irrigated with untreated and treated effluents at 25% concentration. RAPD technique was used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of tannery effluents (untreated and treated) irrigation on the mung bean. The RAPD profiles obtained showed that both untreated and treated were having genotoxic effects on mung bean plants. This was discernible with appearance/disappearance of bands in the treatments compared with control plants. A total of 87 RAPD bands were obtained using eight primers and 42 (48%) of these showed polymorphism. Irrigating plants with untreated effluent caused 12 new bands to appear and 18 to disappear. Treated effluent caused 8 new bands and the loss of 15 bands. The genetic distances shown on the dendrogram revealed that control plants and those irrigated with treated effluent were clustered in one group (joined at distance of 0.28), whereas those irrigated with untreated effluent were separated in another cluster at larger distance (joined at distance of 0.42). This indicates that treated effluent is less genotoxic than the untreated. Nei’s genetic similarity indices calculated between the treatments and the control plants showed that the control and the plants irrigated with treated tannery effluent had a similarity index of 0.75, the control and plants irrigated with untreated 0.65, and between the treatments 0.68. We conclude that both untreated and treated effluents contain genotoxic substances that caused DNA damage to mung beans. CETP Unnao removes some, but not all, genotoxic substances from tannery effluent. Consequently, use of both untreated and treated wastewater for irrigation poses health hazard to human and the environment.

Identification of inhibitory effects of industrial effluents on nitrification

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Žgajnar Gotvajn ◽  
J. Zagorc-Končan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Heterotrophic Microorganisms ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
The Impact

The aim of our work was to determine the extent of inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge for carbonaceous and ammonium oxidation (ISO 8192 2007) for various wastewaters. We have selected several types of wastewaters different in their origin and composition: pharmaceutical wastewater, tannery wastewater and municipal landfill leachate. To confirm results of toxicity testing, additional ready biodegradability assessment test with measurement of oxygen consumption was accomplished to indicate the impact of effluents to nitrification process. Pharmaceutical wastewater was toxic to activated sludge, but it inhibited heterotrophic microorganisms much more than nitrifying ones. Biodegradability testing confirmed low impact to nitrification by high, non-suppressed oxygen consumption for nitrification process. Tannery effluent inhibited nitrification significantly (180 min EC50 was 57 vol.%), but it did not affect heterotrophic microorganisms. Landfill leachate was very toxic to heterotrophic microorganisms (180 min EC50 was 3 vol.%), while it inhibited nitrification less (180 min EC50 was 24 vol.%). Presented research confirmed that the investigated experimental method is a reliable one for detection of occurrence of substances inhibiting nitrification in different industrial effluents. With regular monitoring of inhibitory impact biological treatment process upsets could be avoided and treatment optimised.

scholarly journals Biosorption of lead, chromium and cadmium in tannery effluent using indigenous microorganisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Abioye ◽  
O. A. Oyewole ◽  
S. B. Oyeleke ◽  
M. O. Adeyemi ◽  
A. A. Orukotan
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Indigenous Microorganisms ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Central Pollution Control Board ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Environmental

This study investigated the biosorption of lead, chromium and cadmium in tannery effluent using indigenous microorganisms. Bacteria isolated from the tannery effluent were Bacillus subtilis and B. megaterium while fungi isolated were Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. The microorganisms were tested for their ability to reduce the concentration of the heavy metals in the tannery effluent using conventional methods. B. megaterium recorded the highest lead reduction (2.13 to 0.03 mg/L), followed by B. subtilis (2.13-0.04 mg/L). A. niger recorded the highest ability to reduce the concentration of chromium (1.38-0.08 mg/L) followed by Penicillium sp. (1.38 0.13 mg/L) while B. subtilis exhibited the highest ability to reduce the concentration of cadmium (0.4-0.03 mg/L) followed by B. megaterium (0.04-0.06 mg/L) after 20 days. When these values were compared to standard limits of Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), World Health Organization (WHO), National Environmental Standard and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the isolates recorded an acceptable reduction in the concentration of lead, chromium and cadmium in sterile and unsterile tannery effluent. The results of this showed that the isolates reduced the concentration of lead, chromium and cadmium present in the sterile and raw tannery effluent and suggest that the organisms can be used as a possible treatment of tannery effluents.

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