Theoretical aspects of research of infrastructure are in context of the project of approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Vasyutynska
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
The State ◽  
Project Approach ◽  
Public Purpose ◽  
Infrastructure Project ◽  
Classification Project ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The Project Approach

This article the infrastructure essence was investigated and the need exploring this category as an important factor of the state socio-economic development was underline. The developed infrastructure complex builds objective conditions to solve scientific and technical issues, optimizing economic ties, integrating the state into the global economic space. The implementation of projects the construction and modernization of infrastructure facilities will provide a multiplier effect and will contribute to economic growth. The relevance of the problems described is a condition for deep research in this direction. The purpose of the article is studeing the theoretical foundations of infrastructure and develops proposals for improving the classification of infrastructure in the context of the project approach. The survey methodology is based on methods of analysis, synthesis and comparison. These methods were used to study of existing approaches to the disclosure to essence of the infrastructure. The scientific novelty of the research is to develop a hierarchy of infrastructure classification within the framework of the project approach by grouping projects that ensure the functioning of the infrastructure, according to such hierarchical criteria as: the public purpose of the infrastructure project, the ability of the infrastructure project to generate cash flows, the goals of the infrastructure project. Conclusions. Investigations have show that in the economic literature there were different approaches to understand the essence of infrastructure, determining elements and classification one. The reasons for the different opinions lie in the practical using of the definition of infrastructure in various industries, spheres and areas of scientific research. Following investigate which had found out that the infrastructure was a multi-level system, which consists of material and non-material objects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a classification for systematizing them according to different criteria Key words: infrastructure, infrastructure classification, project approach, infrastructure project, types of infrastructure.

scholarly journals CREDIT: ESSENCE, PRINCIPLES AND FUNCTIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Ostrovska
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Definition Of

In the modern economic system, with the development of market relations, the leading links in the economy began to be commercial banks, on whose activities depends the effective functioning of the state economy as a whole. The level of development of production, social infrastructure and the degree of development of society as a whole largely depends on how developed the banking sector of the state is. An important role in fulfilling the tasks is assigned to commercial banks, which can provide credit resources to enterprises and organizations, as well as citizens. Among the many categories of economics, credit can be considered among the most important, due to the unique role played by this economic phenomenon in the economic life not only of individual organizations, states, but society as a whole. The purpose of the article is to clarify the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the definition of "credit", its functions and principles of lending. The article examines the theoretical basis for determining the essence of the definition of "credit", its origin, functions and principles of lending, which highlighted the fact that credit is the most common form of raising funds in the banking market. It is determined that a bank loan is a form of credit in which money is lent by banks. Commercial banks licensed by the NBU are the main link in the credit system, they simultaneously act as a buyer and seller of temporarily available funds in society. In the system of economic relations, credit acts as an independent economic category. Thanks to credit, businesses have the opportunity to meet their economic needs to ensure the continuity of the processes of social reproduction, overcoming the limited financial resources. Credit relations allow businesses to increase their financial resources and expand production. The credit relationship between a banking institution and an entity is based on an analysis of the borrower’s financial condition. The main specific features of credit relations are: their emergence at the stage of redistribution of final income; formation on the basis of return and with the payment of interest; impact on the structure and volume of cash flows and features of the bank loan market.

scholarly journals Project approach and development of the mechanism of management of tourist destinations

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
M. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
The State ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Project Approach ◽  
Society Business ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
The Project Approach

The article makes an overview of approaches to heritage management, explains the concept of a tourist destination, as well as the importance of using a project management approach and its tools in managing a tourist heritage destination. The paper considers a group of integrated projects that invest in heritage as a factor of attractiveness of a tourist destination, since it is part of a tourism system that cannot be managed separately and is integrated for the production of a tourism product. Taking into account the importance of preserving heritage values, the project approach involves the engagement of various stakeholders in this process and the creation of a mechanism to increase the effectiveness of tourism investments for the benefit of society, business and the state.

scholarly journals The Scientific Theory of Teams and Strategic Management of Teamwork

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-287
Author(s):  
V. Glushchenko
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Work Teams ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Project Approach ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Project Approach

Subject of the article is development of scientific theory and methodology teams strategic management of teams, the object of the article is dedicated to team activities under the project approach in the economy, the aim is to increase the efficiency of strategic management of work teams in terms of project approach to achieve the goals the following tasks: study of development of methodology of team work and management of work teams (groups, schools); identify and study the function and role of teams in organizations; the method of forming a team management strategy within the project approach; forming a scientific theory of teamwork; describing the paradigm of strategic management of teamwork and its components; research sources of risks to reduce the effectiveness of teams; scientific methods in the article are the methodology of science, historical analysis, heuristic synthesis, system analysis and approach, the method of expert assessments, comparative analysis, forecasting; the scientific novelty of the article is the formation of scientific theories of teamwork, the definition of the functions and roles of command in the economy, scientific bases and a technique of formation of strategy of management by work teams within the framework of the project approach taking into account the specifics of work teams in conditions of the sixth technological structure.

scholarly journals The Role of the Russian Factor in the Attitude of Benelux Countries Towards Ukraine (2014-2019)

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-146
Author(s):  
Aliesia Soloviova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Small Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Small States ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Small State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Economic Ties

The article analyzes the role of the Russian factor in the attitude of Benelux countries towards Ukraine from 2014 to 2019. The author proceeds from the fact that one of the factors in a state's choice of a certain strategy in the international arena is often the size of the state. The study of the place and role of “small” states has become a separate field of study in the history of international relations since the publication of the work of the American researcher Annette Baker. Proponents of this theory share the opinion that the size of a state's territory significantly affects its political strategy. The author notes that there is no single definition of a “small” state, since the characteristics by which the state as such is defined are constantly changing. In general, the signs of a “small” state are small population, size of territory, low level of activity in the international arena. The author of the article concludes that the foreign policy strategies of all three Benelux countries can be called pragmatic. In the author's opinion, this approach is explained, first of all, by close cooperation in the field of economics and disadvantage of completely breaking off relations with Russia. The Benelux countries are small states compared to their European neighbors; their main strength is economic stability. It was found that for the Benelux countries, active intervention in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine means a threat to economic ties. The Benelux countries generally support the EU's sanctions policy, but insist on dialogue, considering sanctions a fewer effective means of achieving goals. The Netherlands occupies the most active position among the Benelux countries in the conflict, however, this position is mainly caused by internal concerns and the ongoing investigation of the Boeing MH17 crash

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KERUGIAN NEGARA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

EDUKASI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendra Karianga
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Regional Finance ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
State Finance ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Sources of revenue and expenditure of APBD (regional budget) can be allocated to finance the compulsory affairs and optional affairs in the form of programs and activities related to the improvement of public services, job creation, poverty alleviation, improvement of environmental quality, and regional economic growth. The implications of these policies is the need for funds to finance the implementation of the functions, that have become regional authority, is also increasing. In practice, regional financial management still poses a complicated issue because the regional head are reluctant to release pro-people regional budget policy, even implication of regional autonomy is likely to give birth to little kings in region causing losses to state finance and most end up in legal proceedings. This paper discusses the loss of state finance and forms of liability for losses to the state finance. The result of the study can be concluded firstly,  there are still many differences in giving meaning and definition of the loss of state finace and no standard definition of state losses, can cause difficulties. The difficulty there is in an effort to determine the amount of the state finance losses. The calculation of state/regions losses that occur today is simply assessing the suitability of the size of the budget and expenditure without considering profits earned by the community and the impact of the use of budget to the community. Secondly, the liability for losses to the state finance is the fulfillment of the consequences for a person to give or to do something in the regional financial management by giving birth to three forms of liability, namely the Criminal liability, Civil liability, and Administrative liability.Keywords: state finance losses, liability, regional finance.

Implications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Widerquist ◽  
Grant S. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Property ◽  
Government Failure ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Lockean Proviso ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
Disadvantaged People

Earlier chapters of this book found that the Hobbesian hypothesis is false; the Lockean proviso is unfulfilled; contemporary states and property rights systems fail to meet the standard that social contract and natural property rights theories require for their justification. This chapter assesses the implications of those findings for the two theories. Section 1 argues that, whether contractarians accept or reject these findings, they need to clarify their argument to remove equivocation. Section 2 invites efforts to refute this book’s empirical findings. Section 3 discusses a response open only to property rights theorists: concede this book’s empirical findings and blame government failure. Section 4 considers the argument that this book misidentifies the state of nature. Section 5 considers a “bracketing strategy,” which admits that observed stateless societies fit the definition of the state of nature, but argues that they are not the relevant forms of statelessness today. Section 6 discusses the implications of accepting both the truth and relevance of the book’s findings, concluding that the best response is to fulfil the Lockean proviso by taking action to improve the lives of disadvantaged people.

Ground of mechanism of pay in a budget for the pipelinetransporting of hydrocarbon commodities

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Adam Bodіuk
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hydrocarbon Transport

The subject of the study is the mechanism for determining the fiscal fee forthe main transportation of hydrocarbon goods as a resource concept. The purposeof this article is to justify the nature and prospects of using, instead of currentrent, hydrocarbon fiscal-main income as a fiscal payment, which is brought intothe state budget by operators of the main hydrocarbon-transport system as business entities for their transportation of hydrocarbons and products of their processing through main pipelines appropriate to the economic requirements. Theresearch methodology is determined by a combination of methods: a) cognition:legal analysis (study of the regulatory framework for the use of rent); b) justification: abstract logical analysis (definition of the concepts of hydrocarbon fiscalmain income); c) generalization (substantiation of conclusions and proposals).Results of work. In the process of analyzing the regulatory legal acts that regulate the use of current annuity as payment to the budget for the main transportation of hydrocarbons, it was established that it is not a tax in the interpretationof PKU, since the essence does not meet the official definition of tax, does notmeet the accepted definition of the concept of rent. The accepted nature andmechanism of paying rent for the transportation of hydrogen resources and associated revenues of the state and users of the main hydrogen transport systemand the unpromising nature of its use as a fiscal payment are analyzed. Conclusions.It is proposed that the state pay for the territorial pumping of hydrocarbon resources according to our triple principle as hydrocarbon fiscal-main income, whichcorresponds to its essence, and accordingly change the mechanism for calculatingand depositing funds to treasury accounts. Since the funds come to the revenueside of the state budget, that is, inherently belong to state revenue. The creationof such a mechanism needs certain studies, justifications and government decisions. The same applies to land use, since the quality indicators of soils, wherethe laid pipelines are territorially different. In addition, there is a process ofchanging land for its intended purpose, for the property. The fee for movinghydrocarbon resources should be calculated depending on the type of transport,including pipelines, for a set of indicators: quantity and quality of goods, time,main tariffs and distance of its movement. The amount may be adjusted usingfactors officially established by the CMU. Since the pipelines are located in territorial lands, part of this fee should be transferred to the territorial local budgets.Theoretically, the economic use of trunk pipelines should be considered as a typeof economic environmental management. Therefore, this type of government revenue should be determined by a set of indicators, as well as taking into account the economic interests of business entities authorized by the CMU. Thus, theimplementation of our proposed fiscal payment is relevant, has scientific noveltyand promising practical significance, therefore, for state recognition it is proposedto include it in the Tax Code of Ukraine.

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