scholarly journals Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Deltex Family Ubiquitin E3 Ligases in Development and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidong Wang ◽  
Xiaodan Sun ◽  
Jingni He ◽  
Zhen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
E3 Ligases ◽  
Ubiquitin E3 Ligase ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Function

Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification of proteins that significantly affects protein stability and function. The specificity of substrate recognition is determined by ubiquitin E3 ligase during ubiquitination. Human Deltex (DTX) protein family, which functions as ubiquitin E3 ligases, comprises five members, namely, DTX1, DTX2, DTX3, DTX3L, and DTX4. The characteristics and functional diversity of the DTX family proteins have attracted significant attention over the last decade. DTX proteins have several physiological and pathological roles and are closely associated with cell signal transduction, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as the occurrence and development of various tumors. Although they have been extensively studied in various species, data on structural features, biological functions, and potential mechanisms of action of the DTX family proteins remain limited. In this review, recent research progress on each member of the DTX family is summarized, providing insights into future research directions and potential strategies in disease diagnosis and therapy.

scholarly journals Challenges and Perspectives in the Study of Self-Incompatibility in Orchids

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12901
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Zhang ◽  
Yin Jia ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Duanfen Chen ◽  
Yibo Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Biology Research ◽  
Recent Research Progress

Self-incompatibility affects not only the formation of seeds, but also the evolution of species diversity. A robust understanding of the molecular mechanisms of self-incompatibility is essential for breeding efforts, as well as conservation biology research. In recent years, phenotypic and multiple omics studies have revealed that self-incompatibility in Orchidaceae is mainly concentrated in the subfamily Epidendroideae, and the self-incompatibility phenotypes are diverse, even in the same genus, and hormones (auxin and ethylene), and new male and female determinants might be involved in SI response. This work provides a good foundation for future studies of the evolution and molecular mechanisms of self-incompatibility. We review recent research progress on self-incompatibility in orchids at the morphological, physiological, and molecular levels, provide a general overview of self-incompatibility in orchids, and propose future research directions.

Circular RNAs emerge as important regulators with great potential for clinical application in gastric cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Mei Wang ◽  
Zheng Gong ◽  
Xinxin Zhao ◽  
Wanjun Yu ◽  
Feng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Future Research Directions

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common digestive malignancy with a high-ranking morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is urgent to identify novel indicators and develop new strategies for clinical diagnosis and treatment of GC. As a type of noncoding RNA, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have received increased attention in GC during recent years. To more comprehensively understand current research progress on circRNAs in GC, in this review, we introduce basic knowledge of circRNAs, summarize abnormally expressed circRNAs and discuss their functions and regulatory molecular mechanisms in GC. Then, we review potential applications of circRNAs for GC diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Finally, we conclude by highlighting major advancements of circRNAs in GC research, and we discuss existing challenges and possible future research directions of GC-associated circRNAs.

Research Progress of Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Phase Transformation Behaviors and Memory Properties in Ti-Ni Based Shape Memory Alloys

2021 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Ye ◽  
Zhi Rong He ◽  
Kun Gang Zhang ◽  
Yu Qing Du
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Influence Mechanism ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Future Research Directions

Ti-Ni based shape memory alloys (SMAs) are of excellent shape memory effect, superelasticity and damping property. These properties of the alloys can be fully displayed only after proper heat treatment. In this paper, the research progresses of the effect of the heat treatment on the microstructure, phase composition, phase transformation behaviors and shape memory properties in Ti-Ni based SMAs are reviewed, the correlation influence mechanism is summarized, and the future research directions in this field are pointed out. It is expected to provide reference for the development of Ti-Ni based SMAs and their heat treatment technologies.

Electrochemical polymerization for two-dimensional conjugated polymers

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (40) ◽  
pp. 10672-10686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Huanli Dong ◽  
Wenping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Electrochemical Polymerization ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Recent Research Progress

This article places special focus on the recent research progress of the EP method in synthesizing CPs. In particular, their potential applications as 2D CPs are summarized, with a basic introduction of the EP method, its use in synthesizing CPs as well as the promising applications of the obtained CPs in different fields. Discussions of current challenges in this field and future research directions are also given.

A review on the mechanical properties of textile structural composite T-beams

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 710-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Ouyang ◽  
Xianyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Structural Composite ◽  
Delamination Resistance ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Future Research Directions

In order to review the most effective ways to improve the mechanical properties of composite T-beams and further increase their application potential, research progress on the mechanical properties of textile structural composite T-beams was summarized based on two-dimensional (2-D) ply structure composite T-beams, delamination resistance enhanced 2-D ply structure T-beams, and three-dimensional (3-D) textile structural composite T-beams; future research directions for composite T-beams were also considered. From existing literature, the research status and application bottlenecks of 2-D ply structure composite T-beams and T-beams with enhanced delamination resistance performance were described, as were the specific classification, research progress, and mechanical properties of 3-D textile structural composite T-beams. In addition, the superior mechanical properties of 3-D braided textile structural composite T-beams, specifically their application potential based on excellent delamination resistance capacity, were highlighted. Future research directions for composite T-beams, that is, the applications of high-performance raw materials, locally enhanced design, structural blending enhancement, functionality, and intelligence are presented in this review.

scholarly journals Injury to the Preterm Brain and Cerebral Palsy: Clinical Aspects, Molecular Mechanisms, Unanswered Questions, and Future Research Directions

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1064-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Babcock ◽  
Felina V. Kostova ◽  
Donna M. Ferriero ◽  
Michael V. Johnston ◽  
Jan E. Brunstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions

scholarly journals A Survey of Noninteractive Zero Knowledge Proof System and Its Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huixin Wu ◽  
Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Research Progress ◽  
Proof System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Zero Knowledge ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Np Problems ◽  
Important Branch ◽  
Zero Knowledge Proof

Zero knowledge proof system which has received extensive attention since it was proposed is an important branch of cryptography and computational complexity theory. Thereinto, noninteractive zero knowledge proof system contains only one message sent by the prover to the verifier. It is widely used in the construction of various types of cryptographic protocols and cryptographic algorithms because of its good privacy, authentication, and lower interactive complexity. This paper reviews and analyzes the basic principles of noninteractive zero knowledge proof system, and summarizes the research progress achieved by noninteractive zero knowledge proof system on the following aspects: the definition and related models of noninteractive zero knowledge proof system, noninteractive zero knowledge proof system of NP problems, noninteractive statistical and perfect zero knowledge, the connection between noninteractive zero knowledge proof system, interactive zero knowledge proof system, and zap, and the specific applications of noninteractive zero knowledge proof system. This paper also points out the future research directions.

scholarly journals Mini-Review of Studies Testing the Cardiorespiratory Hypothesis With Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS): Overview and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nounagnon Frutueux Agbangla ◽  
Pauline Maillot ◽  
Damien Vitiello
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Brain Oxygenation ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

The cardiorespiratory hypothesis (CH) is one of the hypotheses used by researchers to explain the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance during executive functions. Despite the indubitable beneficial effect of training on brain blood flow and function that may explain the link between physical fitness and cognition and the recognition of the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a reliable tool for measuring brain oxygenation, few studies investigated the CH with NIRS. It is still not well understood whether an increase in brain flow by training is translated into an increase in cerebral oxygenation. Thus, the objective of this mini-review was to summarize main results of studies that investigated the CH using the NIRS and to propose future research directions.

scholarly journals Is Extreme in the Eye of the Beholder? An Experimental Assessment of Extremist Cognitions

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052095864
Author(s):  
Neil Shortland ◽  
Elias Nader ◽  
Lisa Thompson ◽  
Marek Palasinski
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Function

Scholars have extensively discussed the topic of “online radicalization,” often seeking to understand the form and function of online extremist material. However, this work has neglected to examine the role that the Internet plays alongside individual personality factors in the process through which someone develops violent extremist cognitions. This article aims to extend the understanding of the role of personality differences in the effect of exposure to extremist material online. In this study, we experimentally measure the short-term psychological consequences of exposure to extremist material on extremist cognitions. We use a between-group experimental design in which participants are shown extremist propaganda with either pre- or post-counter messages. Our results indicate that trait personality, and specifically aggression, may be more influential than exposure to extremist propaganda in influencing extremist cognitions. We discuss the implications of these results in the context of future research directions.

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