scholarly journals The Nasopharynx Swab Test for Coronavirus Disease-2019 Is Mild and Will Not Cause Significant Pain and Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Psychiatrists

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Han Zhou ◽  
Qian Guo ◽  
Guanjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

BackgroundLaboratory viral nucleic acid testing (NAT), such as the nasopharyngeal swab test, is now recommended as the gold standard for the diagnosis of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, the nasopharyngeal swab testing process may cause some discomfort.ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of nasopharyngeal swab tests on the anxiety and pain felt by psychiatric medical staff.MethodsA total of 174 psychiatric medical staff (namely 97 doctors, 68 nurses, and nine administrators) and 27 controls were included in the current study. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect their general demographic information (age, gender, marriage, occupation, profession, smoking history, alcohol consumption history, tea drinking history, previous history of anxiety and depression) as well as their subjective experience, such as nausea, vomiting, coughing, worry, fear, etc, during nasopharyngeal swab collection. The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to assess the subjects’ pain and state anxiety, respectively.ResultsThere were no statistical differences (p>0.05) in age, marriage, smoking history, a history of anxiety and depression, pain scores, and anxiety scores between different professions and genders. The results of partial correlation analysis (controlled for gender and history of depression or anxiety) indicated that the male gender was negatively correlated with being anxious (r=-0.148, p=0.037) and nervous (r=-0.171 p=0.016), although there was no significant difference in pain and anxiety between men and women. In addition, marriage might help women resist negative emotions.Conclusions1) There will be mild discomfort during nucleic acid testing, but not enough to cause pain and anxiety; 2) women are more likely to be anxious and nervous during the nucleic acid testing.

The Effect of Crystal Dependence on Brain Activity Related to the Perception of Pleasure Using fMRI

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Yoonessi ◽  
Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli ◽  
Iman Ahmadnezhad ◽  
Hamid Soltanian-zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Control Study

Background: Addiction is currently one of the problems of human society. Drug abuse is one of the most important issues in the field of addiction. Methamphetamine (crystal) is one of the drugs that has been abused in recent decades. Methods: In this case-control study, 10 individuals aged 20 to 40 years old with at least 2 years of experience of methamphetamine consumption without any history of drug use or other stimulants from clients and drug withdrawal centers in Tehran City, and 10 healthy volunteers were selected. Age, social status, and economic status of addicts were included in the fMRI apparatus, and 90 selected pleasurable, non-pleasurable, and neutral images (IAPS) were displayed by the projector through an event-related method. The playback time of each photo was 3 s, and after this process, the person outside the device, without the time limit selected the enjoyable and unpleasant images. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, alcohol use, and smoking history (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of the age at first use between members of the methamphetamine-dependent group. Also, the methamphetamine-dependent group showed more brain activity in their pre-center and post-center gyrus than the normal (control) group. Conclusions: According to the results obtained in this study, in general, it can be concluded that there are some areas in the brain of addicts that are activated when watching pleasant photos, while these areas are not active in the brains of normal people.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Depression in Patients Who Undergo a Cerebrovascular Procedure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Lombardo ◽  
Richard Shaw ◽  
Kathleen Sayles ◽  
Dorothea Altschul
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Quality Of Life Outcomes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Observe the relationship of anxiety and depression on quality of life outcomes after open and endovascular cerebrovascular procedures. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 349 patients who underwent a procedure for aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, carotid stenosis, acute stroke, and conventional catheter angiogram over three years at a community hospital. We correlated pre-procedural anxiety and depression with Global Physical Health, Global Mental Health, and Modified Rankin Scale scores. We performed univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses adjusting for past medical history and sociodemographic factors. Results: Anxiety or depression occurred in eighteen percent of patients. Patients with anxiety or depression were more likely to be female (81% vs 60.8%; p=0.002) and younger (54 vs. 59 years old; p=0.025). The groups did not differ in type or urgency of procedure, smoking or history of diabetes, or cardiovascular disease. Patients with anxiety or depression reported lower mental health scores at 30 days (45.1 vs 48.2; p=0.002) post-procedure. In multivariate analyses, anxious or depressed patients had worse mental health scores at 30 days (t=-2.893; p=0.008) than those who did not have a history of anxiety or depression. There was no difference between groups in length of stay, mortality, physical health t-scores, functionality scores, or six month quality of life outcomes. Conclusions: Patients undergoing cerebrovascular procedures who self-reported anxiety or depression showed a significant difference in mental health outcomes at 30 days, but six month mental health and other medical and functional outcomes measures were similar to patients without these diagnoses.

scholarly journals Diffuse Dermal Angiomatosis of the Breasts: A Case Series of 8 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-306
Author(s):  
Landon Kaleb Hobbs ◽  
Darren Guffy ◽  
R. Hal Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Reduction Mammaplasty ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Background: Diffuse dermal angiomatosis (DDA) is a rare, reactive vascular disorder of the skin. Association with vascular disease, smoking, and large pendulous breasts has been reported. No standard of care exists but benefit with medication and reduction mammaplasty has been reported. Methods: We report a case of a 49-year-old obese female with a history of smoking who presented with DDA that improved with smoking cessation and pentoxifylline prior to reduction mammaplasty. We also performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with DDA seen at our institution between 2010 and 2020. Results: Eight female patients with DDA affecting the breasts were evaluated at our institution. The mean age was 49.5 years. Five of the patients noted symptoms at presentation. Obesity was seen in 7 (87.5%) patients and 5 (63%) had a smoking history. There was no significant difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups in regard to age, t4=-0.63, p=0.56, but BMI trended higher in the symptomatic group, t6=2.27, p=0.06. Three patients (38%) were noted to have fibromyalgia. All symptomatic patients saw improvement in their symptoms with treatments including reduction mammaplasty (1 patient), aspirin (1 patient), pentoxifylline (3 patients), smoking cessation (2 patients), and/or weight loss (1 patient). Conclusions: Our series is the second largest series of DDA of the breasts and confirms many reported associations including obesity, smoking, and large pendulous breasts. We report the first known case of improvement with weight loss as a sole intervention, as well as identify a novel potential association between DDA and fibromyalgia.

scholarly journals Nephrolepis exaltata Herbal Mask Increases Nasal IgA Levels and Pulmonary Function in Textile Factory Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Awal Prasetyo ◽  
Arindra Adi Rahardja ◽  
Dhiva Tsuroya Azzahro ◽  
Ika Pawitra Miranti ◽  
Indah Saraswati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Textile Workers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
History Of

Background. Chronic occupational exposure in textile workers lowers the pulmonary function and levels of sinonasal IgA. A Nephrolepis exaltata herbal mask can protect the respiratory tract. This study aims to understand the effect of this herbal mask on the IgA levels and pulmonary function in textile workers. Thirty employees were selected for this study. Methods. The pre- and post-test randomized experimental control trials were conducted in a garment industry of Bawen, Semarang, Indonesia. The subjects that qualified to participate (n = 30) fulfilled the inclusion criteria i.e., 20–35 years old, healthy, and willing to be a research subject; and exclusion criteria i.e., having history of alcohol consumption, smoking, history of liver disease, autoimmune disease, cancer, pulmonary and heart disease and/or being pregnant. The subjects were then divided randomly into control group (n = 15), who used regular mask that was rewashed and changed every month for eight weeks, and treatment group (n = 15), who used Nephrolepis exaltata mask that was changed every two days for eight weeks. Pulmonary function tests were carried out using MIR Spirolab III before and after the experiment. IgA levels were measured by nasal wash method using ELISA. Results. IgA levels of the treatment group before and after usage of mask were significantly different (p<0.001) compared to the control group. There were significant difference in FVC of the control group, but no significant difference was observed for FEV1 (p=0.507) and PEF (p=0.001). In the treatment group, all three parameters showed significant differences [FVC (p=0.038), FEV1 (p=0.004), and PEF (p=0.001)]. The means of ΔFVC, ΔFEV1, and ΔPEF were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the treatment group with OR = 5.1 for higher IgA levels. Conclusions. The herbal mask is better in increasing IgA and improving the pulmonary function compared to the regular mask.

scholarly journals Statistical methods for batch screening of input populations by stage and group in COVID-19 nucleic acid testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Yuan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Test Result

AbstractPurposeTo screen for COVID-19 patients in immigration using minimal nucleic acid testing (NAT).MethodsIn the first phase, nasopharyngeal swab samples from the inbound population were numbered and grouped. The samples in the group were mixed together, and a NAT test was performed. When the test result is negative, it means that everyone in the group is not infected and the screening of the group is complete. When the test results were positive, the group moved on to the second stage. In the second stage, all samples in the positive group will be tested individually for NAT.ResultsThe advantages and considerations of the method are discussed. Prevalence in the incoming population was a determinant of the sample size within the group. The lower the incidence, the larger the sample size within the group, the higher the savings in NAT and testing costs.ConclusionThis method has significant efficiency and cost advantages in COVID-19 screening. It can also be used to screen other populations, such as community populations and people at high risk of infection, etc.

scholarly journals Interaction between Urinary 11 Dehydrothromboxane B2 and Some Other Risk Factors in the Occurrence of Cerebral Infarction

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Lingling ◽  
Chen Guixin ◽  
Li Wei ◽  
Sun Hua
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
General Information ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drinking History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the interaction between the urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (11-DH-TXB2) content and the smoking, drinking, hypertension or diabetes history of patients with cerebral infarction, and to determine the value of 11-DH-TXB2 in the occurrence and prevention of cerebral infarction. Methods: 117 patients with cerebral infarction and 50 healthy controls were selected. Their general information, including smoking, drinking, hypertension and diabetes history, was analyzed, and their urinary11-DH-TXB2 contents were measured. The difference in the urinary 11-DH-TXB2 content between the two groups, and the additive model of the interaction between the urinary 11-DH-TXB2 content and other risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases were statistically analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in the general information between the two groups (P > 0.05). Significant differences were observed in the urinary 11-DH-TXB2 content, and the smoking, diabetes and hypertension history between the two groups, while there was no significant difference in the drinking history between the two groups. The analysis of the interaction additive model showed that the OR value was 1, the synergy index (S) of increased 11-DH-TXB2 and smoking history was 1.219, the S of increased 11-DHTXB2 and hypertension history was 5.578 and that of increased 11-DH-TXB2 and the diabetes history was 4.604. Conclusion: There is a correlation between the urinary 11-DH-TXB2 content and the occurrence of cerebral infarction, and there is a synergistic interaction between the urinary DH-TXB2 content and the smoking, hypertension or diabetes history of patients with cerebral infarction. The increased 11-DH-TXB2 may be a risk factor for cerebral infarction and the urinary 11-DHTXB2 content can be used as an index to predict the occurrence and progression of cerebral infarction.

scholarly journals Tobacco Use in the Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Patient Behavior, Opinions, and Care

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 5846-5846
Author(s):  
Robyn M. Scherber ◽  
Holly L. Geyer ◽  
Gina Mazza ◽  
Blake T. Langlais ◽  
Amylou C. Dueck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Former Smokers

Abstract Background: Smoking increases the risk of Philadelphia-chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) development as well as increases the risk of thrombotic complications, the major cause of mortality in this population (Blood 2017 130:4199). Guidelines suggest that management of more indolent forms of MPNs include the assessment and mitigation of cardiovascular risk, which includes the management of smoking-related risks (NCCN Guidelines. 2017). In this analysis we sought to examine smoking outcomes and opinions from the perspective of the MPN patient, with the goal of helping to guide MPN patient care. Methods: The internet-based survey was developed by a team of MPN investigators and administered via Mayo Clinic's REDCap. Online recruitment was facilitated via multiple MPN-related webpages including the MPN Forum, MPN Net, MPN Research Foundation, and MPN Voice during June of 2018. Surveyed data included disease demographics such as thrombosis, medications, and smoking history. MPN-specific symptoms were assessed utilizing the MPN-10 (Blood. 2011 Jul 14;118(2):401-8). Data: Participant Demographics: Of the 607 patients who clicked the survey link, 435 patients were eligible for the survey and completed the questions regarding smoking history. Of these, 254 (58%) reported no history of tobacco use, 161 (37%) reported being ex-tobacco users, and 20 (5%) reported being current users. Among those who reported current tobacco use, 50% used premade cigarettes, 27% used self-rolled cigarettes, 20% reported vaping, and 3% reported chewing tobacco or snuff use. Respondents were most often from the US (67%), Australia (12%), the UK (6%) or Canada (6%). The distribution of respondents included 28% with myelofibrosis, 44% with polycythemia vera and 27% with essential thrombocythemia. Over one quarter (26%) of patients had experienced a prior thrombosis, with the most frequent thrombosis types being DVT (9%), stroke or transient ischemic attack (8%), abdominal vein thrombosis (5%), myocardial infarction (2%) and cerebral vein thrombosis (2%). When comparing current/former smokers to never smokers, no significant difference in thrombotic frequency was observed. Smoking Correlates: When evaluating MPN symptoms, current/former smokers reported higher severity of fatigue (mean 5.6 vs 5.0, p=0.02) and inactivity (mean 4.0 vs 3.1, p=0.03) compared to nonsmokers. Additionally, current/former smokers were more likely to experience early satiety (69% vs 58%, p=0.03), inactivity (80% vs 71%, p=0.04), concentration difficulties (82% vs 73%, p=0.04), and reduced quality of life (mean 6.1 vs 6.5, p=0.03) compared to nonsmokers. Although not significant, a trend of higher symptomatology was observed for former/current smokers compared to nonsmokers (MPN-10 total symptom score [TSS] mean 30.4 vs 27.0, p=0.07). Former/current smokers were also more likely than nonsmokers to report heavy alcohol consumption (>7 drinks per week in 9.6% vs 4.0%, p=0.03) and using opioids for pain management (24% vs 11%, p=0.001). Smoking Opinions and Care: As shown in Table 1, less than half of current/former smokers (43%) reported having their physician discuss tobacco use with them. Less than 40% of MPN current or previous smokers were aware of the risk of MPN development due to smoking, although the majority (83%) were aware of the increased thrombotic risk. Less than one quarter (43/181) of current/former smokers reported having utilized pharmacologic therapy to aid cessation. Conclusions MPN patients with current or previous tobacco use demonstrate significantly higher symptom burden than non-smoking counterparts. In terms of patient care, less than half of patients who are current or previous smokers recall having a physician discuss their smoking habits with them. These results highlight the need for enhanced MPN patient counseling by health care providers, both regarding the risks of smoking and available methods to aid cessation. Disclosures Scherber: Orphan Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Incyte: Consultancy. Dueck:Phytogine: Employment; Pfizer: Honoraria; Bayer: Employment. Palmer:Novartis: Research Funding. Mesa:Incyte: Research Funding; Galena: Consultancy; Gilead: Research Funding; Ariad: Consultancy; Celgene: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; CTI: Research Funding; Promedior: Research Funding.

Restless Legs Syndrome in Aircrew

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 934-937
Author(s):  
Ozge Arici Düz ◽  
Nesrin Helvaci Yilmaz ◽  
Oktay Olmuscelik
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flight Duration ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

INTRODUCTION: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized by an uncomfortable sensation on the legs, which causes the urge to move the legs. The main cause is unknown but there are many risk factors, including geographical properties and high altitude. Our objective was to explore the frequency of RLS in aircrew.METHODS: There were 301 Turkish aircrew who were admitted to Istanbul Medipol University Hospital Neurology Department for periodic examinations and 272 healthy (non-aircrew) subjects included in the study. The International RLS Study Group's Questionnaire and the International RLS Study Group Rating Scale (IRLSSGRS) were used to evaluate RLS. The participants filled the RLS questionnaire and then both groups were divided into two subgroups as having RLS or not. The subjects years in the profession, average flight duration in a month, daily sleep duration, smoking, and coffee consumption were recorded. None of the subjects had previously been diagnosed with RLS.RESULTS: The frequency of RLS was 6.7% in the aircrew group and 7.9% in the control group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Age, gender, daily duration of sleep, smoking, coffee consumption, family history of RLS, being a pilot or a flight attendant, years in profession, and monthly flight hours were similar in aircrew with and without RLS.DISCUSSION: The RLS frequency in aircrew was similar to that of the control group. We can conclude flying at high altitude wasnt a risk factor for RLS.Düz OA, Yilmaz NH, Olmuscelik O. Restless legs syndrome in aircrew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(11):934937.

Prevalence of dysphagia in patients with muscle tension dysphonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (05) ◽  
pp. 390-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-L Hamdan ◽  
E Khalifee ◽  
H Jaffal ◽  
A Ghanem ◽  
A El Hage
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Tension Dysphonia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of

AbstractBackgroundIt is hypothesised that patients with muscle tension dysphonia have a high prevalence of dysphagia in comparison to normative values reported in the literature.MethodsThis prospective study included 44 subjects diagnosed with muscle tension dysphonia, based on symptoms and laryngoscopic findings, and 25 control subjects with no history of dysphonia and normal laryngeal examination findings. Demographic data included age, gender and smoking history. The aetiology of muscle tension dysphonia was classified as primary or secondary. Evaluation involved the Eating Assessment Tool (‘EAT-10’) questionnaire.ResultsPatients’ mean age was 45.93 ± 14.95 years, with a female to male ratio of 1.2:1. Fourteen patients had primary muscle tension dysphonia, while 30 had secondary muscle tension dysphonia. Among patients with secondary muscle tension dysphonia, Reinke's oedema was the most common aetiology. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of dysphagia between the study group and the control group (40.9 per cent vs 8 per cent respectively, p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThis study demonstrates a higher prevalence of dysphagia in patients with the presenting symptom of dysphonia and diagnosed with muscle tension dysphonia in comparison to subjects with no dysphonia.

scholarly journals INITIAL CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS FOLLOWING CONCUSSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0008
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Worrall ◽  
Shane M. Miller ◽  
C. Munro Cullum ◽  
Jane S. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Anxiety Group ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
History Of Depression

Background: There is limited evidence regarding the impact of pre-existing psychological disorders on the initial clinical presentation in pediatric patients following concussion. Hypothesis/Purpose: To examine differences in clinical symptom measures between pediatric patients with a history of depression and/or anxiety and no history of psychological disorder (PD) following a concussion. Methods: Data were prospectively collected from participants enrolled in the North Texas Concussion Network Registry (ConTex) between August 2015 and March 2020. Participants aged 5-18 years diagnosed with a concussion were included. Demographic variables and a range of clinical measures from initial presentation were reviewed, including SCAT-5 Symptom Log, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, and Brief Resiliency Scale (BRS). Participants were separated into four groups based on self-reported prior diagnosis: depression, anxiety, depression+anxiety, and no PD. Results: A total of 1770 participants were included: 50 with depression, 82 with anxiety, 84 with both, and 1554 with no history of PD. There was no significant difference in age, sex, prior concussion history, or time to presentation between the depression and no PD group, or between the anxiety and no PD group. A significant difference was found between the depression+anxiety group and no PD group in the following variables: age (15.11±1.8 vs 13.68±2.61 years, p<0.001), prior concussion history (40.5% vs 23.9%, p=0.001), and time to presentation (31.47±25.82 vs 19.85±26.33 days, p=0.01). Additionally, there were more females in the depression+anxiety group than the no PD group (71.4% vs 47.8%, p<0.001). The depression, anxiety, and depression+anxiety groups had significantly higher rates of learning disorders than the no PD group (40%, 47.6%, 46.4% vs 16.4%, all p<0.001). A significant difference in SCAT-5 symptom severity scores between the depression, anxiety, and depression+anxiety groups compared to the no PD group was found. The PD groups all reported higher GAD-7 and PHQ-8 scores and lower BRS scores compared to the no PD group. The depression+anxiety group had the highest symptom severity, GAD-7, and PHQ-8 scores along with the lowest BRS score. Table 1.1 summarizes these significant findings. Conclusion: Differences were seen in participants with a history of depression and/or anxiety at initial clinical presentation, including history of learning disability, SCAT-5 symptom severity scores, and common screening tests for depression, anxiety, and resiliency compared to those without a history of PD. Understanding these differences at initial presentation may urge providers to engage multidisciplinary teams early in facilitating patient recovery. Tables/Figures: [Table: see text]

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