scholarly journals Toward Personalized Oral Diagnosis: Distinct Microbiome Clusters in Periodontitis Biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Wirth ◽  
Bernadett Pap ◽  
Gergely Maróti ◽  
Péter Vályi ◽  
Laura Komlósi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Biofilm Development

Periodontitis is caused by pathogenic subgingival microbial biofilm development and dysbiotic interactions between host and hosted microbes. A thorough characterization of the subgingival biofilms by deep amplicon sequencing of 121 individual periodontitis pockets of nine patients and whole metagenomic analysis of the saliva microbial community of the same subjects were carried out. Two biofilm sampling methods yielded similar microbial compositions. Taxonomic mapping of all biofilms revealed three distinct microbial clusters. Two clinical diagnostic parameters, probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), correlated with the cluster mapping. The dysbiotic microbiomes were less diverse than the apparently healthy ones of the same subjects. The most abundant periodontal pathogens were also present in the saliva, although in different representations. The single abundant species Tannerella forsythia was found in the diseased pockets in about 16–17-fold in excess relative to the clinically healthy sulcus, making it suitable as an indicator of periodontitis biofilms. The discrete microbial communities indicate strong selection by the host immune system and allow the design of targeted antibiotic treatment selective against the main periodontal pathogen(s) in the individual patients.

scholarly journals Developing Lactic Acid Bacteria as an Oral Healthy Food

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Wei-Kuang Lai ◽  
Ying-Chen Lu ◽  
Chun-Ren Hsieh ◽  
Chien-Kei Wei ◽  
Yi-Hong Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Oral Tablet ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Oral Pathogens

Lactic acid bacteria have functions in immunoregulation, antagonism, and pathogen inhibition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in countering oral pathogens and develop related products. After a series of assays to 450 LAB strains, 8 heat-inactivated strains showed a strong inhibitory effect on a caries pathogen, Streptococcus mutans, and 308 heat-inactivated LAB strains showed a strong inhibitory effect on a periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis. The key reasons for inhibiting oral pathogens were bacteriocins produced by LAB and the coaggregation effect of the inactivated cells. We selected Lacticaseibacillus (Lb) paracasei 111 and Lb.paracasei 141, which had the strongest inhibitory effects on the above pathogens, was the main oral health food source. The optimal cultural conditions of Lb. paracasei 111 and Lb. paracasei 141 were studied. An oral tablet with a shelf life of 446 days made of the above strains was developed. A 40 volunteers’ clinical study (CSMUH IRB number: CS05065) was conducted with this tablet in the Periodontological Department of the Stomatology Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chung Shan Medical University (Taiwan). After 8 weeks of testing, 95% and 78.9% of patients showed an effect on reducing periodontal pathogens and improving probing pocket depth, respectively, in the oral tablet group.

Characterization of PgPepO, a bacterial homologue of endothelin-converting enzyme-1

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (s2002) ◽  
pp. 90S-93S ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. CARSON ◽  
Toshihiro ANSAI ◽  
Shuji AWANO ◽  
Weixian YU ◽  
Tadamichi TAKEHARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Endothelin Converting Enzyme

PgPepO is a homologue of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), with which it shares 31% identity. PgPepO was isolated from the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Recent studies have suggested a link between periodontal and cardiovascular disease, and several groups have suggested that bacterial and viral infections may contribute to the latter. P. gingivalis possesses the ability to invade, and multiply within, aortic endothelial cells and has been localized to atherosclerotic plaques. PgPepO was expressed and purified to homogeneity and we have begun detailed functional analysis, in terms of substrate preference and inhibitor specificity, in order to provide active-site comparisons with other members of the neprilysin (NEP)/ECE family. PgPepO possesses similar substrate specificity to ECE-1 and has been shown to cleave big endothelin-1 (big ET-1), big ET-2 and big ET-3, converting the substrates into their respective mature endothelin peptides. Substance P, angiotensin I, angiotensin II and neurotensin are all cleaved at multiple sites by PgPepO and the kinetics of these reactions have been compared. The potent vasoconstrictor urotensin II is not hydrolysed by PgPepO. Cleavage of bradykinin by PgPepO occurs at the Pro7-Phe8 bond and is inhibited by the NEP and ECE-1 inhibitor phosphoramidon in a pH-dependent fashion (IC50 = 10µM at pH 7.0) but not by thiorphan, an NEP-specific inhibitor. PgPepO activity is completely inhibited by EDTA. Characterization of this enzyme is important in elucidating possible links between periodontal pathogens and cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, and provides an opportunity to gain structural information on a bacterial protein with striking similarity to human ECE-1.

Assessment of the Plasma/Serum IgG Test to Screen for Periodontitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1190-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kudo ◽  
K. Naruishi ◽  
H. Maeda ◽  
Y. Abiko ◽  
T. Hino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth

Chronic periodontitis is a silent infectious disease prevalent worldwide and affects lifestyle-related diseases. Therefore, efficient screening of patients is essential for general health. This study was performed to evaluate prospectively the diagnostic utility of a blood IgG antibody titer test against periodontal pathogens. Oral examination was performed, and IgG titers against periodontal pathogens were measured by ELISA in 1,387 individuals. The cut-off value of the IgG titer was determined in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and changes in periodontal clinical parameters and IgG titers by periodontal treatment were evaluated. The relationships between IgG titers and severity of periodontitis were analyzed. The best cut-off value of IgG titer against Porphyromonas gingivalis for screening periodontitis was 1.682. Both clinical parameters and IgG titers decreased significantly under periodontal treatment. IgG titers of periodontitis patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls, especially in those with sites of probing pocket depth over 4 mm. Multiplied cut-off values were useful to select patients with severe periodontitis. A blood IgG antibody titer test for Porphyromonas gingivalis is useful to screen hitherto chronic periodontitis patients (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01658475).

scholarly journals Nature’s Anti-inflammatory agent and its use as a Local drug delivery agent for treatment of chronic periodontitis: A clinical, microbiological and biochemical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Vandana Kangowkar Vijayapremakumar ◽  
◽  
Agami Mehta ◽  
Priyanka Shivanand ◽  
Shobha Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Local Drug Delivery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Periodontal disease can lead to progressive loss of tooth-supporting tissues and alveolar bone. Due to the clinical limitations of scaling and root planing and recolonization of bacteria, the use of systemic and local administration of antimicrobial agents as adjuncts seems beneficial. In recent years, herbal and ayurvedic remedies are being researched to treat common infections and inflammatory conditions. Here an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of curcumin 10mg (Curenext) (CU) used as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy. A total of 10-15 sites in 14 patients with probing pocket depth 5-7mm were included. In experimental group, sites were treated with SRP+CU and in control group sites were treated with SRP alone. Plaque index, gingival bleeding index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were assessed at baseline, 21st day, 30th day, and 90th day. Subgingival plaque samples were collected to assess periodontal pathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum by anaerobic culture. GCF samples were collected to assess lactate dehydrogenase at baseline and 21st day. Results showed significant reduction in clinical parameters (PI, GBI, GI, PPD and CAL) and high statistically significant reduction in periodontal pathogens and lactate dehydrogenase in both the treatment groups, significant difference was seen in SRP+CU group. To conclude, the adjunctive use of curcumin 10mg (curenext* ) as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiplaque agent along with routine mechanical debridement is definitely a promising therapy that would add to the potential benefits of the periodontal treatment.

scholarly journals Periodontal Status and Subgingival Biofilms in Cystic Fibrosis Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAMARA PAWLACZYK-KAMIEŃSKA ◽  
RENATA ŚNIATAŁA ◽  
HALINA BATURA-GABRYEL ◽  
MARIA BORYSEWICZ-LEWICKA ◽  
SZCZEPAN COFTA
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth

The aim of this study was to assess the periodontal status of cystic fibrosis (CF) adult patients and to evaluate whether there is a correlation between the bacterial population of the subgingival biofilm and the health status of the periodontal tissues in this group of adults. The study involved 22 cystic fibrosis adult patients. The periodontal condition was assessed using Plaque Index (PLI), Gingival Index (GI), and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD). The gingival sulcus samples were analyzed by the Real-Time PCR assay (RT-PCR). Majority of patients showed moderate or severe bacterial dental plaque accumulation, but none of them had clinical symptoms of periodontal diseases. RT-PCR showed the presence of periopathogens in 50% of patients. Red complex microorganisms were detected in 9.09%, orange complex in 27.27%, and green complex in 31.82% of the samples analyzed. In cystic fibrosis patients colonized by periopathogens, the periodontal markers were significantly higher in comparison to not colonized by periopathogens patients. Despite the widespread presence of bacterial dental deposits in the cystic fibrosis adult patients examined, none of them has clinical symptoms of periodontal disease; however, the presence of periodontal pathogens in subgingival biofilm may represent a possible risk factor of this disease in the future. An unsatisfactory level of oral hygiene in any patient with cystic fibrosis indicates a need to focus on standards of dental care for such patients.

scholarly journals Subgingival Periodontal Pre-Treatment Irrigation with 0.75% Boric Acid as an Adjunct to Mechanical Periodontal Therapy in Localised Chronic Periodontitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Swagata Banerjee ◽  
Aditi Mathur ◽  
Neema Shetty ◽  
Barkha Makhijani ◽  
Ashish Bali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Aetiological Factor ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Dental plaque is the primary aetiological factor for periodontal disease. Scaling and root planing may fail to eliminate periodontal pathogenic species because of limited access to the root surface and tissue-invading properties of some periodontal pathogens. Considerable attention has been devoted to the possibility of using antimicrobial agents such as chlorhexidine to eliminate periodontal pathogens with limited success. Studies show that boric acid has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of 0.75% boric acid when used as a subgingival irrigation agent as an adjunct to oral prophylaxis in treatment of localised chronic periodontitis. Methods: A total of 40 individuals who reported to the dental college with localised periodontitis (pocket depth of ≥ 6 mm) participated in the study. Plaque Index, Gingival Index and Probing Pocket Depth were recorded at baseline and one month post irrigation with either 0.75% boric acid (Group I) or 0.2% chlorhexidine (group II). Intragroup comparison was done using student “t” test. Results: Intra-group comparison in Group I and Group II showed significant results for reduction in Plaque Index, Gingival Index and Probing Pocket Depth. Significant results observed for reduction of Probing Pocket Depth (<0.025) between the two groups - Plaque Index (>0.54) and Gingival Index (>0.93) were non-significant one month postoperatively. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that 0.75% boric acid has similar efficacy as 0.2% chlorhexidine as a coadjuvant in the treatment of periodontitis.

scholarly journals Is Toxin-Producing Planktothrix sp. an Emerging Species in Lake Constance?

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Corentin Fournier ◽  
Eva Riehle ◽  
Daniel R. Dietrich ◽  
David Schleheck
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Lake Constance ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Probe Measurements

Recurring blooms of filamentous, red-pigmented and toxin-producing cyanobacteria Planktothrix rubescens have been reported in numerous deep and stratified prealpine lakes, with the exception of Lake Constance. In a 2019 and 2020 Lake Constance field campaign, we collected samples from a distinct red-pigmented biomass maximum below the chlorophyll-a maximum, which was determined using fluorescence probe measurements at depths between 18 and 20 m. Here, we report the characterization of these deep water red pigment maxima (DRM) as cyanobacterial blooms. Using 16S rRNA gene-amplicon sequencing, we found evidence that the blooms were, indeed, contributed by Planktothrix spp., although phycoerythrin-rich Synechococcus taxa constituted most of the biomass (>96% relative read abundance) of the cyanobacterial DRM community. Through UPLC–MS/MS, we also detected toxic microcystins (MCs) in the DRM in the individual sampling days at concentrations of ≤1.5 ng/L. Subsequently, we reevaluated the fluorescence probe measurements collected over the past decade and found that, in the summer, DRM have been present in Lake Constance, at least since 2009. Our study highlights the need for a continuous monitoring program also targeting the cyanobacterial DRM in Lake Constance, and for future studies on the competition of the different cyanobacterial taxa. Future studies will address the potential community composition changes in response to the climate change driven physiochemical and biological parameters of the lake.

Immunomodulatory Effect of “Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy” to Cure or Prevent Hospital Acquired (Nosocomial) Infections due to Clostridium difficile (C. diff), other Pathogenic Bacteria, and Autoimmune Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3937-3949
Author(s):  
Malireddy S Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
The World ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hospital Acquired

The worldwide popularity of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy to treat or prevent the hospital acquired infections (nosocomial infections) arose a great interest in the medical community around the world (Reddy and Reddy, 2016; 2017). The following questions were raised on this subject: Does Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics directly inhibit the pathogenic bacteria (C. diff) in the gastrointestinal tract or indirectly through modulation of the host immune system or both? To be more specific, what is the exact and/or hypothetical mechanism at molecular level behind the breakthrough discovery of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy?  To answer these questions, the specific immunomodulation regulatory functions of the individual Probiotic strains (on host) have beenresearched, investigated andoutlined in this article.  A detailed explanation(s) and hypotheses have been proposed outlining the possible cumulativedirect bacteriological and indirect immunomodulatory effects (at the molecular level) of the Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics used in Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy to successfully treat C. diff infection.  A detailed scientific and research attempts were made to correlate the Probiotic induced immune activities in relation to the reduction of the symptoms associated with the hospital acquired Clostridium difficile infection during and after the Multiple Mixed Strain Probioitc Therapy.  Results of the clinical trials, microbiological tests on feces, and the clinical blood tests significantly revealed that the reasons for the success of Dr. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy are multifold. Presumably, it is predominantly due to the immunomodulatory effect they have exerted on the host immune system along with the direct inhibition of C. diff bacteria by multiple Probiotics, due to the production of bacteriocins, lactic acid and nutritional competency.In addition, the size of the individual cells of the Probiotic strains in the Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics and their significant effect on immunomodulation has been thoroughly discussed. Results clearly proved that if Probiotics are absent in the GI tract during C. diff infection, the chances of patient survival is zero.  This is because of the excess immune stimulation and incurable damage to the epithelial cell barrier of the gastrointestinal tract caused by C. diff bacteria.  The results also revealed, without any doubt, as of to-datethe latest discovery of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy is the best way to cure the deadly hospital acquired infections affecting millions of people around the world, with high degree of mortality.  This has been attested by several practicng medical professionals and scientists around the world (Reddy and Reddy, 2017).

Influence of Seeding Conditions on Initial Biofilm Development during the Startup of Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactors

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ehlinger ◽  
J. M. Audic ◽  
G. M. Faup
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactors ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Initial Biofilm

The characterization of the biofilm of an anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor was completed under standard conditions. The distribution of the fixed protein concentration depended on the level in the reactor. The protein concentration reached 1520 µg.g−1 of support at the top of the reactor and only 1200 µg.g−1 at the bottom after 504 hours of operation but the specific activity of the biofilm was 33×10−4 µM acetate.h−1.mg−1 proteins at the bottom and only 26×10−4 µM.h−1.mg−1 at the top. The efficiency of a fluidized bed reactor and the composition of the biofilm changed with an increase of the pH from 7 to 8.5 during the seeding of the support material. Future development of the biofilm and the specific activity of the support were affected.

Separation and Characterization of Standard Propoxyphene Diastereomers and Their Determination in Pharmaceutical and Illicit Preparations

1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-883
Author(s):  
Shiv K Soni ◽  
Daniel Van Gelder
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Optical Isomers ◽  
Gold Chloride ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Eutectic Melting ◽  
Racemic Mixtures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Isomeric Mixtures ◽  
Asymmetric Carbon

Abstract Due to the existence of 2 asymmetric carbon atoms in: the propoxyphene molecule, there are 4 diastereomers: alpha dextro, alpha levo, beta dextro, and beta levo. Only α-d-propoxyphene is included under the federal Controlled Substances Act. Baseline separations of propoxyphene from various incipients (aspirin, caffeine, phenacetin, and acetaminophen) present in pharmaceutical and illicit preparations, and between the alpha and beta diastereomers, were achieved by high pressure liquid chromatography. The column eluant was collected and propoxyphene was extracted. The optical isomers were differentiated and characterized by melting points and by chemical microcrystalline tests. Using hot stage thermomicroscopy, the eutectic melting points of binary isomeric mixtures of propoxyphene bases and salts were found to be depressed about 10° and 15-30°C, respectively, below the individual isomer melting points. The characteristic microcrystals formed with the alpha racemic mixtures by using a glycerin-aqueous gold chloride reagent were not produced by the beta racemic mixtures.

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