scholarly journals Chronological Assessment of the Balta Alba Kurgan Loess-Paleosol Section (Romania) – A Comparative Study on Different Dating Methods for a Robust and Precise Age Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Scheidt ◽  
Sonja Berg ◽  
Ulrich Hambach ◽  
Nicole Klasen ◽  
Stephan Pötter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Feldspar ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Depth Relationship ◽  
Late Pleistocene To Holocene ◽  
Age Constraints

Loess-paleosol sequences (LPSs) are important terrestrial archives of paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic information. One of the main obstacles for the investigation and interpretation of these archives is the uncertainty of their age-depth relationship. In this study, four different dating techniques were applied to the Late Pleistocene to Holocene LPS Balta Alba Kurgan (Romania) in order to achieve a robust chronology. Luminescence dating includes analysis of different grain-size fractions of both quartz and potassium feldspar and the best results are obtained using fine-grained quartz blue‐stimulated and polymineral post-infrared infrared-stimulated luminescence measurements. Radiocarbon (14C) dating is based on the analysis of bulk organic carbon (OC) and compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA). Bulk OC and leaf wax-derived n-alkane 14C ages provide reliable age constraints for the past c. 25–27 kyr. CSRA reveals post-depositional incorporation of roots and microbial OC into the LPS limiting the applicability of 14C dating in older parts of the sequence. Magnetic stratigraphy data reveal good correlation of magnetic susceptibility and the relative paleointensity of the Earth’s magnetic field with one another as well as reference records and regional data. In contrast, the application of paleomagnetic secular variation stratigraphy is limited by a lack of regional reference data. The identification of the Campanian Ignimbrite/Y-5 tephra layer in the outcrop provides an independent time marker against which results from the other dating methods have been tested. The most accurate age constraints from each method are used for two Bayesian age-depth modeling approaches. The systematic comparison of the individual results exemplifies the advantages and disadvantages of the respective methods. Taken as a whole, the two age-depth models agree very well, our study also demonstrates that the multi-method approach can improve the accuracy and precision of dating loess sequences.

Recalibrated legacy 40Ar/39Ar ages for the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Western Interior, U.S.A.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli C. Trujillo ◽  
Bart J. Kowallis
Keyword(s):  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Morrison Formation ◽  
Decay Constants ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age Constraints

As a result of recent updating of decay constants and standard ages used for 40Ar/39Ar dating, it is necessary to recalibrate legacy ages obtained with older methods. These recalibrations bring legacy 40Ar/39Ar ages into better agreement with ages obtained using 238U/206Pb dating methods. We present nine recalibrated 40Ar/39Ar ages for the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the Western Interior, U.S.A., along with the individual geographic and stratigraphic locations for each sample. These recalibrated ages will be useful for researchers looking to place better age constraints on the flora and fauna of the Morrison Formation, as well as for those working to understand stratigraphic relationships across the formation. The recalibrated ages also can now be used reliably for comparisons with newer 238U/206Pb ages obtained for the Morrison Formation.

Recalibrated legacy 40Ar/39Ar ages for the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Western Interior, U.S.A.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli Trujillo ◽  
Bart Kowallis
Keyword(s):  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Morrison Formation ◽  
Decay Constants ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age Constraints

As a result of recent updating of decay constants and standard ages used for 40Ar/39Ar dating, it is necessary to recalibrate legacy ages obtained with older methods. These recalibrations bring legacy 40Ar/39Ar ages into better agreement with ages obtained using 238U/206Pb dating methods. We present nine recalibrated 40Ar/39Ar ages for the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the Western Interior, U.S.A., along with the individual geographic and stratigraphic locations for each sample. These recalibrated ages will be useful for researchers looking to place better age constraints on the flora and fauna of the Morrison Formation, as well as for those working to understand stratigraphic relationships across the formation. The recalibrated ages also can now be used reliably for comparisons with newer 238U/206Pb ages obtained for the Morrison Formation.

Multidisciplinary management of vascular access for haemodialysis: from the preparation of the initial access to the treatment of stenosis and thrombosis

VASA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold ◽  
Haage ◽  
Hollenbeck ◽  
Mickley ◽  
Ranft
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Access ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
First Results ◽  
Lower Complication ◽  
Lower Complication Rate ◽  
Access Problems ◽  
Arteriovenous Grafts ◽  
The Individual

In February 2008 a multidisciplinary study group was established in Germany to improve the treatment of patients with potential vascular access problems. As one of the first results of their work interdisciplinary recommendations for the management of vascular access were provided, from the creation of the initial access to the treatment of complications. As a rule the wrist arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the access of choice due to its lower complication rate when compared to other types of access. The AVF should be created 3 months prior to the expected start of haemodialysis to allow for sufficient maturation. Second and third choice accesses are arteriovenous grafts (AVG) and central venous catheters (CVC). Ultrasound is a reliable tool for vessel selection before access creation, and also for the diagnosis of complications in AVF and grafts. Access stenosis and thrombosis can be treated surgically and interventionally. The comparison of both methods reveals advantages and disadvantages for each. The therapeutic decision should be based on the individual patients’ constitution, and also on the availability and experience of the involved specialists.

ADMINISTRATION MODELS IN THE SYSTEM OF FORENSIC EXAMINATION INSTITUTIONS FROM THE POSITION OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
S. V. Kudryashova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Management ◽  
Competing Values ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Forensic Institutions ◽  
The Individual

The individual forensic activity in comparison with the activity of forensic experts of specialized state institutions is considered, the main advantages and disadvantages are determined. The directions of development of specialized state and non-state forensic institutions are presented in accordance with R. Quinn's competing values model.

Wykorzystanie mediów społecznościowych w komunikacji z klientem na przykładzie firm sektora piwowarskiego

2015 ◽  
pp. 161-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Szamrowski ◽  
Adam Pawlewicz
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Video Sharing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
Regional Character

The main objective of this paper is to identify the platforms and social media tools utilized by the brewing industry in communication with the stakeholders, mainly with potential clients. In addition, the study sought to determine the nature of the published content, identify those responsible for their management, and present the advantages and disadvantages of their conduct in communication and creating the image of the company. The results indicate that only 25% of the surveyed companies do not use social media in PR. This applies only to small enterprises, with regional character. All the major brewing companies in their public relations activities use at least one type of social media, focusing in most cases on social networking (Facebook) and Video Sharing (YouTube). In addition, some of the largest brands included in the individual equity groups have their own social media channels used to communicate with the stakeholders. General promotion of company products and, what is very important, creating a dialogue with social media platform community, were seen as the most important benefits of using social media.

Indices and Correlates of Positive Emotion in Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Sunny J. Dutra ◽  
Marianne Reddan ◽  
John R. Purcell ◽  
Hillary C. Devlin ◽  
Keith M. Welker
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Behavioral Coding ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Clinical Populations

This chapter not only draws from previous authoritative measurement overviews in the general field of emotion, but also advances these resources in several key ways. First, it provides a specific focus on positive valence systems, which have not yet received specific methodological attention. Second, the field of positive emotion (PE) has expanded in recent years with new and innovative methods, making an updated review of methodological tools timely. Third, the chapter incorporates discussion of PE disturbance in clinical populations and the methods best suited to capture PE dysfunctions. This chapter also outlines some tools that can allow researchers to capture a broad array of PE quantified by self-report, behavioral coding, and biological correlates as seen through changes in the central and peripheral nervous system (i.e., brain and body). After reviewing PE measurement methods and correlates, this chapter includes several methods for studying PE beyond the individual level (i.e., interpersonal) and traditional laboratory settings (i.e., ambulatory or experience sampling). It provides key examples of their applications to study PE in clinical populations while acknowledging several of their basic advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Validity of the Gender Dysphoria diagnosis and incidence trends in Sweden: a nationwide register study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Indremo ◽  
Richard White ◽  
Thomas Frisell ◽  
Sven Cnattingius ◽  
Alkistis Skalkidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nationwide Register Study

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Gender Dysphoria (GD) diagnoses in the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR), to discuss different register-based definitions of GD and to investigate incidence trends. We collected data on all individuals with registered GD diagnoses between 2001 and 2016 as well as data on the coverage in the NPR. We regarded gender confirming medical intervention (GCMI) as one proxy for a clinically valid diagnosis and calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) for receiving GCMI for increasing number of registered GD diagnoses. We assessed crude and coverage-adjusted time trends of GD during 2004–2015 with a Poisson regression, using assigned sex and age as interaction terms. The PPV for receiving GCMI was 68% for ≥ 1 and 79% for ≥ 4 GD-diagnoses. The incidence of GD was on average 35% higher with the definition of ≥ 1 compared to the definition of ≥ 4 diagnoses. The incidence of GD, defined as ≥ 4 diagnoses increased significantly during the study period and mostly in the age categories 10–17 and 18–30 years, even after adjusting for register coverage. We concluded that the validity of a single ICD code denoting clinical GD in the Swedish NPR can be questioned. For future research, we propose to carefully weight the advantages and disadvantages of different register-based definitions according to the individual study’s needs, the time periods involved and the age-groups under study.

Multi-Method Vs Single Method Appraisal of Clinical Quality Indicators for the Emergency Medical Services

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Howard ◽  
Peter Cameron ◽  
Maaret Castrén ◽  
Lee Wallis ◽  
Veronica Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Prehospital Emergency Care ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Prehospital Emergency ◽  
Single Method ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Method Approach

ABSTRACT Background Quality Indicator (QI) appraisal protocols are a novel methodology that combines multiple appraisal methods to comprehensively assess the "appropriateness" of QIs for a particular healthcare setting. However, they remain inadequately explored compared to the single appraisal method approach. This paper aimed to describe and test a QI appraisal protocol versus the single method approach, against a series of QIs potentially relevant to the South African Prehospital Emergency Care setting. Methods An appraisal protocol was developed consisting of two categorical-based appraisal methods, combined with the qualitative analysis of the discussion generated during the consensus application of each method. The output of the protocol was assessed and compared with the application and output of each method. Inter-rater reliability of each particular method was evaluated prior to group consensus rating. Variation in the number of non-valid QIs and the proportion of non-valid QIs identified between each method and the protocol were compared and assessed. Results There was mixed IRR of the individual methods. There was similarly low to moderate correlation of the results obtained between the particular methods (Spearman’s rank correlation=0.42,p<0.001). From a series of 104 QIs, 11 non-valid QIs were identified that were shared between the individual methods. A further 19 non-valid QIs were identified and not shared by each method, highlighting the benefits of a multi-method approach. The outcomes were additionally evident in the group discussion analysis, which in and of itself added further input that would not have otherwise been captured by the individual methods alone. Conclusion The utilization of a multi-method appraisal protocol offers multiple benefits, when compared to the single appraisal approach, and can provide the confidence that the outcomes of the appraisal will ensure a strong foundation on which the QI framework can be successfully implemented.

Approaches to the Organization of International Accounting in Russian Enterprises

TEM Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Surkova ◽  
Galina A. Skachko ◽  
Larisa K. Nikandrova ◽  
Maria M. Starkova ◽  
Nina F. Sakharova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses current issues of transformation of accounting information in accordance with international financial reporting standards (IFRS). This study is primarily aimed at developing approaches that determine the need for Russian enterprises to provide accounting information comparable at the international level. The authors analyze methods of transferring data from the Russian Accounting Standard (RAS) to IFRS. The methods used to form financial statements in accordance with IFRS are discussed. The issues of the application of these methods, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, are discussed. The author's approach to the selection of the optimal method of transformation is proposed taking into account the individual needs of organizations.

Age constraints on basement of the Midland Valley of Scotland

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aftalion ◽  
O. van Breemen ◽  
D. R. Bowes
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Potassium Feldspar ◽  
Detrital Zircons ◽  
Early Proterozoic ◽  
Common Lead ◽  
Granite Emplacement ◽  
Isochron Diagram ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic ◽  
Proterozoic Basement ◽  
Age Constraints

ABSTRACTThe existence of a basement of granulite beneath the Midland Valley is supported by investigations of inclusions in volcanic rocks and the geophysical studies of the LISPB experiment. To establish age constraints for this basement, a compilation is presented of available Rb–Sr whole-rock, common lead, U–Pb zircon and Sm–Nd radiometrie data for crystalline rocks in Scotland from the earliest recognised crust (c. 2900 Ma) to 380 Ma (“end” of Caledonian orogeny) including xenoliths in volcanic vents and boulders in conglomerates.For rocks within the Midland Valley, isotopic data provide four lines of evidence. (1) An upper intercept U–Pb age of c. 1700 Ma for detrital zircons from a lower Palaeozoic greywacke from Dalmellington corresponds to a late stage of the Laxfordian orogenic episode (early Proterozoic) with possibly some overprinting during the Grenvillian episode (mid Proterozoic). (2) The common lead composition of the Distinkhorn granite suggests the participation of early Proterozoic basement during granite emplacement. (3) For xenoliths from the Carboniferous Partan Craig vent, one gives a Sm–Nd CHUR model age of 1180 ± 55 Ma, a second yielded a Sm–Nd garnet—potassium feldspar age of 356 ± 6 Ma and an upper intercept U–Pb age from zircons from the third is c. 2200 (± 240) Ma; for xenoliths from other vents, an Rb–Sr whole-rock isochron of 1101 ± 63 Ma and an Sm–Nd model age of c. 1100 Ma arerecorded. (4) A linear array corresponding to an apparent age of 770 ± 180 Ma on a Pb–Pb isochron diagram for Tertiary igneous rocks of Arran points to an underlying basement of late Precambrian orthogneiss.The existence of basement made of products of the Grenvillian episode, or predominantly so, similar to the basement N of the Highland Boundary fault, is not inconsistent with the available evidence. However, zircons and other rock components appear to have an ultimate Lewisian provenance. At least in parts, there is also a strong late Proterozoic imprint. Further studies are required for an unequivocal solution.

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