scholarly journals Carbon Emissions Peak in the Road and Marine Transportation Sectors in View of Cost-Benefit Analysis: A Case of Guangdong Province in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongming Zhao ◽  
Hui Ding ◽  
Xiaofang Lin ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Wenyuan Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Marine Transportation ◽  
The Road

The road and marine transportation sectors have attracted a great deal of attention as one of the main sources of carbon emissions. In this study, a LEAP (long-range energy alternatives planning system) model is used to predict the energy demand and carbon emissions of the road and marine transportation sectors in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2030. Based on the model results, if Guangdong Province does not adopt new control measures, in 2030, the energy demand and CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions from the road and marine transportation sectors will have increased by 117 and 116%, respectively, compared to the levels in 2015. Conversely, under a low-carbon scenario, carbon emissions will peak by 2027 in Guangdong Province. Motor vehicle control measures generate the strongest reduction in energy consumption and CO2 emissions for the road and marine transportation sectors in Guangdong Province. Furthermore, the reduction of emissions resulting from these measures would increase over time. Public transportation development and the promotion of clean energy measures also play significant roles in reducing carbon emissions long-term. The contribution of road passenger transport to emission reduction is the largest, followed by marine freight transport and road freight transport. While the energy demand and carbon emissions peak at a similar time in the model, the peak time for CO2 occurs slightly earlier.

scholarly journals PEMODELAN ENERGI BARU TERBARUKAN (EBT) MELALUI PENDEKATAN DINAMIS UNTUK KETAHANAN ENERGI KABUPATEN SUMBAWA 2017-2027

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2A) ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Nova Aryanto ◽  
Ahmad Jaya ◽  
Chairul Hudaya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Demand Forecast ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
General Plan ◽  
The Government

In an effort to increase the value of the Electrification Ratio value reaches 99.9% andUtilization of New and Renewable Energy (EBT) of up to 25% by 2025 is requiredThe General Plan for National Energy (RUEN) which is revealed to be the General DraftRegional Energy (RUED). Sumbawa as an area in West Nusa Tenggarahas the potential for EBT in the form of Solar Energy Potential, Hydro Energy, and Thermal EnergyEarth and Sea Energy require strategic policies to manage andmeet the energy security of the region. This study aims to predictEnergy needs, and mapping the potential of EBT, in order to obtain a mixenergy (energy mix) is balanced. This research was conducted using toolssoftware Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) withdynamic systems approach. Data obtained from PT. PLN UP3 Sumbawa, RUPTL DataPLN NTB Region, Bapedda Kab. Sumbawa and Data from BPS Kab. Sumbawa. ResultThis research shows that the potential of EBT can be integrated in RUED formeet the energy needs of the region. Therefore, this research canproduce accurate energy demand forecast for Sumbawa Regencyin particular the use of regional green energy sources (Green Energy) to achieve thisenergy security for the great and dignified Sumbawa Regencyencouraging the formation of RUED Sumbawa Regency in line with the Indicator StrategySDGs program launched by the Government, both the Central Government andLocal Government especially the Clean Energy (Green Energy) program.

Direct ammonia fueled solid oxide fuel cells: A comprehensive review on challenges, opportunities and future outlooks

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Asmare ◽  
Mustafa Ilbas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Green Fuel

Nowadays, the most decisive challenges we are fronting are perfectly clean energy making for equitable and sustainable modern energy access, and battling the emerging alteration of the climate. This is because, carbon-rich fuels are the fundamental supply of utilized energy for strengthening human society, and it will be sustained in the near future. In connection with this, electrochemical technologies are an emerging and domineering tool for efficiently transforming the existing scarce fossil fuels and renewable energy sources into electric power with a trivial environmental impact. Compared with conventional power generation technologies, SOFC that operate at high temperature is emerging as a frontrunner to convert the fuels chemical energy into electric power and permits the deployment of varieties of fuels with negligible ecological destructions. According to this critical review, direct ammonia is obtained as a primary possible choice and price-effective green fuel for T-SOFCs. This is because T-SOFCs have higher volumetric power density, mechanically stable, and high thermal shocking resistance. Also, there is no sealing issue problem which is the chronic issues of the planar one. As a result, the toxicity of ammonia to use as a fuel is minimized if there may be a leakage during operation. It is portable and manageable that can be work everywhere when there is energy demand. Besides, manufacturing, onboard hydrogen deposition, and transportation infrastructure connected snags of hydrogen will be solved using ammonia. Ammonia is a low-priced carbon-neutral source of energy and has more stored volumetric energy compared with hydrogen. Yet, to utilize direct NH3 as a means of hydrogen carrier and an alternative green fuel in T-SOFCs practically determining the optimum operating temperatures, reactant flow rates, electrode porosities, pressure, the position of the anode, thickness and diameters of the tube are still requiring further improvement. Therefore, mathematical modeling ought to be developed to determine these parameters before planning for experimental work. Also, a performance comparison of AS, ES, and CS- T-SOFC powered with direct NH3 will be investigated and best-performed support will be carefully chosen for practical implementation and an experimental study will be conducted for verification based on optimum parameter values obtained from numerical modeling.

scholarly journals How Will Digitalization Change Road Freight Transport? Scenarios Tested in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Anna Pernestål ◽  
Albin Engholm ◽  
Marie Bemler ◽  
Gyözö Gidofalvi
Keyword(s):  
Freight Transport ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Strategic Uncertainty ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
On The Road

Road freight transport is a key function of modern societies. At the same time, road freight transport accounts for significant emissions. Digitalization, including automation, digitized information, and artificial intelligence, provide opportunities to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and increase service levels in road freight transport. Digitalization may also radically change the business ecosystem in the sector. In this paper, the question, “How will digitalization change the road freight transport landscape?” is addressed by developing four exploratory future scenarios, using Sweden as a case study. The results are based on input from 52 experts. For each of the four scenarios, the impacts on the road freight transport sector are investigated, and opportunities and barriers to achieving a sustainable transportation system in each of the scenarios are discussed. In all scenarios, an increase in vehicle kilometers traveled is predicted, and in three of the four scenarios, significant increases in recycling and urban freight flows are predicted. The scenario development process highlighted how there are important uncertainties in the development of the society that will be highly important for the development of the digitized freight transport landscape. One example is the sustainability paradigm, which was identified as a strategic uncertainty.

scholarly journals LEAP-Based Greenhouse Gases Emissions Peak and Low Carbon Pathways in China’s Tourist Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Dandan Liu ◽  
Dewei Yang ◽  
Anmin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Co2 Equivalent

China has grown into the world’s largest tourist source market and its huge tourism activities and resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are particularly becoming a concern in the context of global climate warming. To depict the trajectory of carbon emissions, a long-range energy alternatives planning system (LEAP)-Tourist model, consisting of two scenarios and four sub-scenarios, was established for observing and predicting tourism greenhouse gas peaks in China from 2017 to 2040. The results indicate that GHG emissions will peak at 1048.01 million-ton CO2 equivalent (Mt CO2e) in 2033 under the integrated (INT) scenario. Compared with the business as usual (BAU) scenario, INT will save energy by 24.21% in 2040 and reduce energy intensity from 0.4979 tons of CO2 equivalent/104 yuan (TCO2e/104 yuan) to 0.3761 Tce/104 yuan. Although the INT scenario has achieved promising effects of energy saving and carbon reduction, the peak year 2033 in the tourist industry is still later than China’s expected peak year of 2030. This is due to the growth potential and moderate carbon control measures in the tourist industry. Thus, in order to keep the tourist industry in synchronization with China’s peak goals, more stringent measures are needed, e.g., the promotion of clean fuel shuttle buses, the encouragement of low carbon tours, the cancelation of disposable toiletries and the recycling of garbage resources. The results of this simulation study will help set GHG emission peak targets in the tourist industry and formulate a low carbon roadmap to guide carbon reduction actions in the field of GHG emissions with greater certainty.

A novel approach to increase the share of renewable purchase obligation for planning of distribution network including grid scale energy storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Singh Bhadoriya ◽  
Atma Ram Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Demand Models

Abstract In recent times, producing electricity with lower carbon emissions has resulted in strong clean energy incorporation into the distribution network. The technical development of weather-driven renewable distributed generation units, the global approach to reducing pollution emissions, and the potential for independent power producers to engage in distribution network planning (DNP) based on the participation in the increasing share of renewable purchasing obligation (RPO) are some of the essential reasons for including renewable-based distributed generation (RBDG) as an expansion investment. The Grid-Scale Energy Storage System (GSESS) is proposed as a promising solution in the literature to boost the energy storage accompanied by RBDG and also to increase power generation. In this respect, the technological, economic, and environmental evaluation of the expansion of RBDG concerning the RPO is formulated in the objective function. Therefore, a novel approach to modeling the composite DNP problem in the regulated power system is proposed in this paper. The goal is to increase the allocation of PVDG, WTDG, and GSESS in DNP to improve the quicker retirement of the fossil fuel-based power plant to increase total profits for the distribution network operator (DNO), and improve the voltage deviation, reduce carbon emissions over a defined planning period. The increment in RPO and decrement in the power purchase agreement will help DNO to fulfill round-the-clock supply for all classes of consumers. A recently developed new metaheuristic transient search optimization (TSO) based on electrical storage elements’ stimulation behavior is implemented to find the optimal solution for multi-objective function. The balance between the exploration and exploitation capability makes the TSO suitable for the proposed power flow problem with PVDG, WTDG, and GSESS. For this research, the IEEE-33 and IEEE-69 low and medium bus distribution networks are considered under a defined load growth for planning duration with the distinct load demand models’ aggregation. The findings of the results after comparing with well-known optimization techniques DE and PSO confirm the feasibility of the method suggested.

scholarly journals Ethanol production using vegetable peels medium and the effective role of cellulolytic bacterial (Bacillus subtilis) pre-treatment

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Salman Khan Promon ◽  
Wasif Kamal ◽  
Shafkat Shamim Rahman ◽  
M. Mahboob Hossain ◽  
Naiyyum Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Alcohol Production

Background: The requirement of an alternative clean energy source is increasing with the elevating energy demand of modern age. Bioethanol is considered as an excellent candidate to satiate this demand.Methods:Yeast isolates were used for the production of bioethanol using cellulosic vegetable wastes as substrate. Efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol was achieved by the action of cellulolytic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis).  After proper isolation, identification and characterization of stress tolerances (thermo-, ethanol-, pH-, osmo- & sugar tolerance), optimization of physiochemical parameters for ethanol production by the yeast isolates was assessed. Very inexpensive and easily available raw materials (vegetable peels) were used as fermentation media. Fermentation was optimized with respect to temperature, reducing sugar concentration and pH.Results:It was observed that temperatures of 30°C and pH 6.0 were optimum for fermentation with a maximum yield of ethanol. The results indicated an overall increase in yields upon the pretreatment ofBacillus subtilis; maximum ethanol percentages for isolate SC1 obtained after 48-hour incubation under pretreated substrate was 14.17% in contrast to untreated media which yielded 6.21% after the same period. Isolate with the highest ethanol production capability was identified as members of the ethanol-producingSaccharomycesspecies after stress tolerance studies and biochemical characterization using Analytical Profile Index (API) ® 20C AUX and nitrate broth test. Introduction ofBacillus subtilisincreased the alcohol production rate from the fermentation of cellulosic materials.Conclusions:The study suggested that the kitchen waste can serve as an excellent raw material in ethanol fermentation.

scholarly journals Low-carbon development via greening global value chains: a case study of Belarus

2020 ◽  
Vol 476 (2239) ◽  
pp. 20200024
Author(s):  
Huiqing Wang ◽  
Yixin Hu ◽  
Heran Zheng ◽  
Yuli Shan ◽  
Song Qing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
Plastic Products

The rise of global value chains (GCVs) has seen the transfer of carbon emissions embodied in every step of international trade. Building a coordinated, inclusive and green GCV can be an effective and efficient way to achieve carbon emissions mitigation targets for countries that participate highly in GCVs. In this paper, we first describe the energy consumption as well as the territorial and consumption-based carbon emissions of Belarus and its regions from 2010 to 2017. The results show that Belarus has a relatively clean energy structure with 75% of Belarus' energy consumption coming from imported natural gas. The ‘chemical, rubber and plastic products' sector has expanded significantly over the past few years; its territorial-based emissions increased 10-fold from 2011 to 2014, with the ‘food processing' sector displaying the largest increase in consumption-based emissions. An analysis of regional emissions accounts shows that there is significant regional heterogeneity in Belarus with Mogilev, Gomel and Vitebsk having more energy-intensive manufacturing industries. We then analysed the changes in Belarus' international trade as well as its emission impacts. The results show that Belarus has changed from a net carbon exporter in 2011 to a net carbon importer in 2014. Countries along the Belt and Road Initiative, such as Russia, China, Ukraine, Poland and Kazakhstan, are the main trading partners and carbon emission importers/exporters for Belarus. ‘Construction’ and ‘chemical, rubber and plastic products' are two major emission-importing sectors in Belarus, while ‘electricity' and ‘ferrous metals' are the primary emission-exporting sectors. Possible low-carbon development pathways are discussed for Belarus through the perspectives of global supply and the value chain.

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