Plant Phenology and Its Anthropogenic and Natural Influencing Factors in Densely Populated Areas During the Economic Transition Period of China

As a sensitive, observable, and comprehensive indicator of climate change, plant phenology has become a vital topic of global change. Studies about plant phenology and its responses to climate change in natural ecosystems have drawn attention to the effects of human activities on phenology in/around urban regions. The key factors and mechanisms of phenological and human factors in the process of urbanization are still unclear. In this study, we analyzed variations in xylophyta phenology in densely populated cities during the fast urbanization period of China (from 1963 to 1988). We assessed the length of the growing season affected by the temperature and precipitation. Temperature increased the length of the growing season in most regions, while precipitation had the opposite effect. Moreover, the plant-growing season is more sensitive to preseason climate factors than to annual average climate factors. The increased population reduced the length of the growing season, while the growing GDP increased the length of the growing season in most regions (8 out of 13). By analyzing the impact of the industry ratio, we found that the correlation between the urban management of emerging cities (e.g., Chongqing, Zhejiang, and Guizhou) and the growing season is more significant, and the impact is substantial. In contrast, urban management in most areas with vigorously developed heavy industry (e.g., Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and Beijing) has a weak and insignificant effect on plant phenology. These results indicate that different urban development patterns can influence urban plant phenology. Our results provide some support and new thoughts for future research on urban plant phenology.

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Passage through phenophases by milkvetches introduced into the environments of the Kulunda Steppe

PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY GENETICS AND BREEDING ◽

10.30901/2227-8834-2020-1-97-104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 181 (1) ◽

pp. 97-104

Author(s):

T. V. Kornievskaya

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Growing Season ◽

Plant Phenology ◽

Total Precipitation ◽

Climate Factors ◽

Dry Steppe ◽

Average Relative Humidity ◽

The Impact

Background. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the study of plant phenology in the context of the global climate change. By now, the question of how climate factors affect the phenophases of plants has not yet been fully investigated. Accurate forecasts for biological responses of plant species to climate change require profound understanding of the impact produced by meteorological factors on plant phenology.Materials and methods. The research was targeted at Astragalus L. spp. introduced into the dry steppe areas of the Kulunda Plain. Meteorological indicators were selected for agrometeorological description of the plant introduction site to assess its hydrothermal conditions. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to identify the level of correlations between the studied parameters.Results. High air temperature shortened the growing season of Astragalus cicer L., but lengthened its flowering and fruiting phases. An increase in relative air humidity shortened the flowering in A. cicer. Meteorological indicators did not significantly affect the duration of the phenophases in A. sulcatus L. For A. onobrychis L., an increase in the average relative humidity reduced the budding phase, while an increase in the average and maximum air temperature and an increase in the amount of precipitation increased the flowering period. A decrease in air temperature and average relative humidity, and an increase in the total precipitation lengthened the duration of fruiting in A. onobrychis. Increased average temperature and humidity reduced its fruiting phase.Conclusion. A. sulcatus is tolerant to the dry steppe environments. The phenophases of A. cicer and A. onobrychis are more responsive to changes in meteorological indicators. In A. onobrychis, the fruiting phase is susceptible to the combined impact of climate factors. The limiting factors for A. cicer are relative humidity, total precipitation and mean temperature during the growing season.

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A Literature Review of the Influence of Social Capital on Commercial Credit

Macro Management & Public Policies ◽

10.30564/mmpp.v3i2.3506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Tixiang Zhou ◽

Tinghua Liu ◽

Fengjuan Kou

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Literature Review ◽

Economic Transition ◽

Transition Period ◽

Theoretical Development ◽

Future Research ◽

Informal Finance ◽

Informal System ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Impact

As a typical informal system, social capital plays an important supplementary role in China’s economic transition period. Informal finance based on commercial credit plays a role in the economic cycle. However, there is currently a lack of literature to directly examine the impact of social capital on the use of commercial credit by enterprises. This article aims to systematically sort out the theoretical development of social capital on commercial credit, which mainly includes the definition of social capital, its effects, the influencing factors of commercial credit, and the summary of the existing research results of social capital on commercial credit. It is hoped that this literature review will provide guidance for future research.

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The Impact of Climate Change on the Sugar Content of Grapes and the Sustainability of their Production in the Czech Republic

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13010222 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 222

Author(s):

Miroslava Navrátilová ◽

Markéta Beranová ◽

Lucie Severová ◽

Karel Šrédl ◽

Roman Svoboda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Growing Season ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

The Impact ◽

Growing Region

The aim of the presented article is to evaluate the impact of climate change on the sugar content of grapes in the Czech Republic during the period 2000–2019 through selected indicators on the basis of available secondary sources. Attention is focused on the developments in both the main wine-growing regions of Moravia and Bohemia. In the field of viticulture and wine-growing, the sugar content of grapes, as a basic parameter for the classification of wines, plays an important role. In the Czech Republic, the average sugar content of grapes has had a constantly growing trend. This trend is evident both in the wine-growing region of Bohemia and in the wine-growing region of Moravia. The impact of climate change, especially the gradual increase of average temperatures in the growing season, cannot be overlooked. It greatly affects, among other things, the sugar content of grapes. Calculations according to the Huglin Index and the Winkler Index were used to determine the relationship between climate and sugar content. These indexes summarize the course of temperatures during the entire vegetation period into a single numerical value. The results show that both indexes describe the effect of air temperature on sugar content in both wine regions of the Czech Republic in a statistically significant way. The Huglin Index shows a higher correlation rate. The Winkler Index proved to be less suitable for both areas. Alternatively, the Winkler Index calculated for a shorter growing season was tested, which showed a higher degree of correlation with sugar content, approaching the significance of the Huglin Index.

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Modeling the Impact of Climate Changes on Crop Yield: Irrigated vs. Non-Irrigated Zones in Mississippi

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13122249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2249

Author(s):

Sadia Alam Shammi ◽

Qingmin Meng

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Growing Season ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

The Impact

Climate change and its impact on agriculture are challenging issues regarding food production and food security. Many researchers have been trying to show the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on agriculture using different methods. In this study, we used linear regression models to assess the impact of climate on crop yield spatially and temporally by managing irrigated and non-irrigated crop fields. The climate data used in this study are Tmax (maximum temperature), Tmean (mean temperature), Tmin (minimum temperature), precipitation, and soybean annual yields, at county scale for Mississippi, USA, from 1980 to 2019. We fit a series of linear models that were evaluated based on statistical measurements of adjusted R-square, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). According to the statistical model evaluation, the 1980–1992 model Y[Tmax,Tmin,Precipitation]92i (BIC = 120.2) for irrigated zones and the 1993–2002 model Y[Tmax,Tmean,Precipitation]02ni (BIC = 1128.9) for non-irrigated zones showed the best fit for the 10-year period of climatic impacts on crop yields. These models showed about 2 to 7% significant negative impact of Tmax increase on the crop yield for irrigated and non-irrigated regions. Besides, the models for different agricultural districts also explained the changes of Tmax, Tmean, Tmin, and precipitation in the irrigated (adjusted R-square: 13–28%) and non-irrigated zones (adjusted R-square: 8–73%). About 2–10% negative impact of Tmax was estimated across different agricultural districts, whereas about −2 to +17% impacts of precipitation were observed for different districts. The modeling of 40-year periods of the whole state of Mississippi estimated a negative impact of Tmax (about 2.7 to 8.34%) but a positive impact of Tmean (+8.9%) on crop yield during the crop growing season, for both irrigated and non-irrigated regions. Overall, we assessed that crop yields were negatively affected (about 2–8%) by the increase of Tmax during the growing season, for both irrigated and non-irrigated zones. Both positive and negative impacts on crop yields were observed for the increases of Tmean, Tmin, and precipitation, respectively, for irrigated and non-irrigated zones. This study showed the pattern and extent of Tmax, Tmean, Tmin, and precipitation and their impacts on soybean yield at local and regional scales. The methods and the models proposed in this study could be helpful to quantify the climate change impacts on crop yields by considering irrigation conditions for different regions and periods.

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Feasibility of The Olympic Marathon Under Climatic And Socioeconomic Change

10.21203/rs.3.rs-906806/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Takahiro Oyama ◽

Jun'ya Takakura ◽

Minoru Fujii ◽

Kenichi Nakajima ◽

Yasuaki Hijioka

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

21St Century ◽

Emission Scenario ◽

Olympic Games ◽

Climate Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Conditions ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Marathon Runners ◽

Late 21St Century ◽

The Impact

Abstract There are concerns about the impact of climate change on Olympic Games, especially endurance events, such as marathons. In recent competitions, many marathon runners dropped out of their races due to extreme heat, and it is expected that more areas will be unable to host the Olympic Games due to climate change. Here, we show the feasibility of the Olympic marathon considering the variations in climate factors, socioeconomic conditions, and adaptation measures. The number of current possible host cities will decline by up to 24% worldwide by the late 21st century. Dozens of emerging cities, especially in Asia, will not be capable of hosting the marathon under the highest emission scenario. Moving the marathon from August to October and holding the games in multiple cities in the country are effective measures, and they should be considered if we are to maintain the regional diversity of the games.

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Environmental Change Threatens Freshwater Insect Communities in Northwest Africa: A Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Environmental Science ◽

10.3389/fenvs.2021.671715 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Nils Kaczmarek ◽

Ralf B. Schäfer ◽

Elisabeth Berger

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Temperature ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Small Body ◽

Future Research ◽

Insect Communities ◽

Data Set ◽

Temperature Conductivity ◽

Northwest Africa ◽

The Impact

A climatic shift from temperate to arid conditions is predicted for Northwest Africa. Water temperature, salinity, and river intermittency are likely to increase, which may impact freshwater communities, ecosystem functioning, and related ecosystem services. Quantitative data and information on the impact of climate change on insect communities (e.g., richness, taxonomic and trait composition) are still scarce for Northwest Africa. In this study, we extracted information on freshwater insect occurrence and environmental variables in Northwest Africa from the results of a literature search to study potential consequences of changing climatic conditions for these communities. Our data set covered 96 families in 165 sites in Morocco and Algeria. We quantified the impact of several explanatoryvariables (climate, altitude, water temperature, conductivity, intermittency, flow, aridity, dams, and land cover) on richness, taxonomic and functional trait composition using negative binomial regression models and constrained ordination. Family richness in arid sites was on average 37 % lower than in temperate sites in association with flow, river regulation, cropland extent, conductivity, altitude, and water temperature. With 36 % of the studied temperate sites predicted to turn arid by the end of the century, a loss of insect families can be predicted for Northwest Africa, mainly affecting species adapted to temperate environments. Resistance and resilience traits such as small body size, aerial dispersal, and air breathing promote survival in arid climates. Future research should report insect occurrences on species level to allow for better predictions on climate change effects.

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Climate Conditions and Biodiversity Decline

10.4018/978-1-6684-3686-8.ch036 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 748-763

Author(s):

Ashok K. Rathoure ◽

Unnati Rajendrakumar Patel

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climatic Change ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Convention On Biological Diversity ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Fragile Environment ◽

Impact On Biodiversity ◽

The Impact

Many studies in recent years have investigated the effects of climate change on the future of biodiversity. In this chapter, the authors first examined the different possible effects of climate change that can operate at individual, population, species, community, ecosystem, notably showing that species can respond to climate challenges by shifting their climatic change. Climate change is one of the most important global environmental challenges that affect all the natural ecosystems of the world. Due to the fragile environment, mountain ecosystems are the most vulnerable to the impact of climate change. Climatic change will affect vegetation, humans, animals, and ecosystem that will impact on biodiversity. Mountains have been recognized as important ecosystems by the Convention on Biological Diversity. Climate change will not only threaten the biodiversity, but also affect the socio-economic condition of the indigenous people of the state. Various activities like habitat loss, deforestation, and exploitation amplify the impact of climate change on biodiversity.

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Separating the Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Runoff: A Review of Method and Application

Water ◽

10.3390/w12082201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2201 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Feng Zeng ◽

Ming-Guo Ma ◽

Dong-Rui Di ◽

Wei-Yu Shi

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Research Methods ◽

Human Activities ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Needs ◽

Relevant Research ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

The Impact ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

Separating the impact of climate change and human activities on runoff is an important topic in hydrology, and a large number of methods and theories have been widely used. In this paper, we review the current papers on separating the impacts of climate and human activities on runoff, summarize the progress of relevant research methods and applications in recent years, and discuss future research needs and directions.

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Corrigendum to: Influence of climatic factors on variation in the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index in Mongolian Plateau grasslands

The Rangeland Journal ◽

10.1071/rj16073_co ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

Xu-Juan Cao ◽

Qing-Zhu Gao ◽

Ganjurjav Hasbagan ◽

Yan Liang ◽

Wen-Han Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Land Use ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Growing Season ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽

Climate Factors ◽

Mongolian Plateau ◽

Normalised Difference Vegetation Index

Climate change will affect how the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is correlated with climate factors, varies in space and over time. The Mongolian Plateau is an arid and semi-arid area, 64% covered by grassland, which is extremely sensitive to climate change. Its climate has shown a warming and drying trend at both annual and seasonal scales. We analysed NDVI and climate variation characteristics and the relationships between them for Mongolian Plateau grasslands from 1981 to 2013. The results showed spatial and temporal differences in the variation of NDVI. Precipitation showed the strongest correlation with NDVI (43% of plateau area correlated with total annual precipitation and 44% with total precipitation in the growing season, from May to September), followed by potential evapotranspiration (27% annual, and 30% growing season), temperature (7% annual, 16% growing season) and cloud cover (10% annual, 12% growing season). These findings confirm that moisture is the most important limiting factor for grassland vegetation growth on the Mongolian Plateau. Changes in land use help to explain variations in NDVI in 40% of the plateau, where no correlation with climate factors was found. Our results indicate that vegetation primary productivity will decrease if warming and drying trends continue but decreases will be less substantial if further warming, predicted as highly likely, is not accompanied by further drying, for which predictions are less certain. Continuing spatial and temporal variability can be expected, including as a result of land use changes.

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Fragile States Index Considering Climate Factors

Journal of Management and Sustainability ◽

10.5539/jms.v8n3p74 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 74

Author(s):

Geng-Jian Zhou ◽

Qiao-Xu Qin ◽

Wei-Zhou Lin ◽

Yuan-Biao Zhang

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Fragile States ◽

Climate Factors ◽

Profound Impact ◽

The Past ◽

Republic Of The Congo ◽

Intervention Policy ◽

Earth’S Climate ◽

The Impact

Over the past few decades, the Earth’s climate has undergone conspicuous changes, some of which have a profound impact on social and governmental systems. The purpose of this paper is to establish a model for measuring national fragile and the impact of climate change on a country. For this purpose, we first define the Fragile States Index (FSI) to measure the fragility of a country based on population, crime rate and education, which are the three aspects that most countries or regions will focus on. Second, we use the FSI to illustrate how climate change affects the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Third, we analyze the definitive indicators of Indonesia and predict the changes of FSI. Finally, the effects of each intervention policy were obtained by analyzing Indonesia’s intervention policy on environmental change. To provide ideas for intervention on climate change.

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