scholarly journals Non-Coding RNAs in Human Breast Milk: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Tingö ◽  
Emelie Ahlberg ◽  
Lovisa Johansson ◽  
Sindre Andre Pedersen ◽  
Konika Chawla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast

Breast milk is the primary source of nutrition and hydration for the newborn infant but also plays an important role in the child’s first immune defense. Additionally, several breast milk factors have been implicated in immune-related health outcomes later in life, including immunoglobulins, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and, more recently, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) species. In this systematic review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current literature on endogenous ncRNAs found in human breast milk. Thirty (30) relevant studies were identified and, whilst the majority studies focused on microRNAs (miRNAs), there is evidence that breast milk contains high quantities of RNA which also include long-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, as well as other short RNAs and fragmented tRNA and rRNAs. Among studies investigating miRNAs, miR-148a-3p, miR-30a/d-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-146b-5p, miR-200a/c-3p, and the 5p end of the let-7 miRNAs were commonly reported among the top 10 miRNAs in the cell, lipid, and skim milk fractions of breast milk. Methodological difference and small sample sizes limit the possibility of conclusively identifying which maternal and infant characteristics affect the miRNA profile. The highly expressed miRNAs were generally reported to be similar across lactational stage, milk fraction, maternal and infant characteristics, or infant growth and health. All the same, individual studies identify potential differences in miRNA expression levels which should be confirmed by future studies. Stability, uptake, and physiological functions of miRNAs were also considered in several studies. Breast milk miRNAs are relatively resistant to a range of harsh conditions and uptake experiments suggest that extracellular vesicles containing miRNAs and circular RNAs can be taken up by intestinal epithelial cells. Although the evidence regarding the functional effect of breast milk miRNAs is limited, the predicted functions range from metabolic and biosynthetic processes to signaling pathways, cellular adhesion, communication, growth, and differentiation. Finally, this systematic review highlights some of the methodological challenges and knowledge gaps which can help direct future research in this field. In particular, it is important to further investigate the bioavailability of miRNAs in different milk fractions, and to characterize other ncRNAs which are largely unstudied.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=138989, identifier CRD42020138989.

scholarly journals Systematic Review Protocol for the Current State of Chemical Exposure in Infants via Breast Milk, Artificial Milk and Dairy Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4436
Author(s):  
Manal A. M. Mahmoud ◽  
Hosnia Abdel-Mohsein ◽  
Usama Mahmoud ◽  
Zhaoqing Lyu ◽  
Sani Rachman Soleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Current State ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Many studies have shown that human breast milk is contaminated with various chemicals. In the proposed systematic review, the aim is to identify and summarize the available literature regarding chemical exposure via breastfeeding or the feeding of artificial formula. MEDLINE (PubMed) will be the primary source in this literature search. Primary studies that analyzed one or more chemicals of interest in breast milk or artificial milk and that reported information on concentrations will be eligible for this review. Conference abstracts will not be included in the review unless access to the data is easy. First, the titles and abstracts of identified articles will be screened by two or more researchers. Then, a full-text review will be conducted to extract data from the included articles and code them for classification. The results of the search and classification will be summarized narratively and bibliometrically. The aim of the review is to analyze trends in publications according to year and region from the viewpoint of target chemicals, location, range of concentrations, and health outcomes.

Concentration and Prevalence of Aflatoxin M1 in Human Breast Milk in Iran: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Carcinogenic Risk Assessment: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
YADOLAH FAKHRI ◽  
RAHEB GHORBANI ◽  
MAHMOUD TAGHAVI ◽  
HASSAN KERAMATI ◽  
NAZAK AMANIDAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTThis meta-analysis was designed to review the published reports regarding the concentration and/or prevalence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in human breast milk in Iran. The carcinogenic risk for Iranian infants consuming this milk was estimated with the hazard index. The PubMed and Scopus databases and the Scientific Information Database were screened for relevant studies between 1995 and 2017, and 11 of the 112 collected studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The mean (95% confidence interval) concentration of AFM1 was 5.85 ng/L (4.54 to 7.15 ng/L), which was lower than the European Union standard (25 ng/L). The mean prevalence of AFM1 in breast milk in Iran was 42% (11 to 77%). The estimated daily intakes for male and female infants were 0.02 to 5.57 ng/kg and 0.02 to 3.68 ng/kg of body weight per day, respectively. The rank order of estimated daily intake for both male and female infants according to age was 1 week > 1 month > 6 months > 12 months. The hazard index for all age groups of infants in all provinces in Iran was less than 1. Therefore, infants in Iran were not considered at carcinogenic risk from AFM1 in human breast milk.

Concentrations of bisphenols, parabens, and benzophenones in human breast milk: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 150437
Author(s):  
L.M. Iribarne-Durán ◽  
F.M. Peinado ◽  
C. Freire ◽  
I. Castillero-Rosales ◽  
F. Artacho-Cordón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast

Breast Milk Stem Cell Survival in Neonate's Gut, Entery into Neonate Circulation and Adaption by the Body

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Uses

: The stem cell exchange during pregnancy is thought to remain chimeras for life. Few studies recently revealed that maternal transfer of viable stem cells to the offspring continues even after birth during breastfeeding. Some of these stem cells are likely to be integrated into different organs (brain, blood, kidneys, and pancreas) including neurons and insulin-producing cells in the pancreas to become functional cells. This finding opens a new avenue for research on therapeutic uses of breast milk- derived stem cells. : Recently Dr. Foteini Hassiotou used glowing mice, which were genetically modified to express a gene called tdTomato that causes cells to appear red under fluorescence light. These mice were mated, and their babies were swapped with the pups of another, unmodified mother mouse. The new pups suckled the modified mouse and, as a result, obtained glowing red stem cells from breast milk. The study has never been replicated in humans, so it is not clear yet if the findings apply to humans as in the case of mice. However, the results of the study are the jumping-off points for future research on human breast milk stem cells and their possible application in stem cell therapies. Additional studies are necessary to understand the passage of human breast milk stem cells through the neonate’s GI tract, and passage to the systemic circulation.

scholarly journals Perspective: The Role of Human Breast-Milk Extracellular Vesicles in Child Health and Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O'Reilly ◽  
Denis Dorodnykh ◽  
Nina V Avdeenko ◽  
Nikita A Nekliudov ◽  
Johan Garssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Beneficial Effects

ABSTRACT Human breast milk (HM) contains multiple bioactive substances determining its impact on children's health. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of secreted nanoparticles that are present in HM and may be partially responsible for its beneficial effects. The precise roles and content of EVs in HM remain largely unknown. To examine this, we performed a short narrative review on the literature focusing on HM EVs to contextualize the available data, followed by a scoping review of MEDLINE and Embase databases. We identified 424 nonduplicate citations with 19 original studies included. In this perspective, we summarize the evidence around HM EVs, highlight some theoretical considerations based on existing evidence, and provide an overview of some challenges associated with the complexity and heterogeneity of EV research. We consider how the existing data from HM studies conform to the minimal information for studies of EVs (MISEV) guidelines. Across the studies a variety of research methods were utilized involving both bench-based and translational methods, and a range of different EV contents were examined including RNA, proteins, and glycopeptides. We observed a variety of health outcomes in these studies, including allergy and atopy, necrotizing enterocolitis, and HIV. While some promising results have been demonstrated, the heterogeneity in outcomes of interest, methodological limitations, and relatively small number of studies in the field make comparison between studies or further translational work problematic. To date, no studies have examined normative values of HM EVs in a large, diverse population or with respect to potentially important influencing factors such as timing (hind- vs. foremilk), stage (colostrum vs. mature milk), and infant age (preterm vs. term), which makes extrapolation from bench or “basic” research impossible. Future research should focus on addressing the current inadequacies in the literature and utilize MISEV guidelines to inform study design.

Aflatoxin M1 in human breast milk: A global systematic review, meta-analysis, and risk assessment study (Monte Carlo simulation)

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadolah Fakhri ◽  
Jamal Rahmani ◽  
Carlos Augusto Fernandes Oliveira ◽  
Larissa Tuanny Franco ◽  
Carlos Humberto Corassin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Assessment Study

Systematic Review of the Effect of Topical Application of Human Breast Milk on Early Umbilical Cord Separation

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Hui Ping Kirk ◽  
Jinling Yang ◽  
Woei Chyi Sim ◽  
Lydia Yi Xin Chia ◽  
Ying Lau
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast

EXCRETION OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATION INTO HUMAN BREAST MILK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate S. Beardmore ◽  
Jonathan M. Morris ◽  
Eileen D. M. Gallery
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast

scholarly journals How the heat treatment affects the constituents of infant formulas: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia d’Almeida Francisquini ◽  
Lauane Nunes ◽  
Evandro Martins ◽  
Rodrigo Stephani ◽  
Ítalo Tuler Perrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients

Abstract Breast milk as the children’s primary source of nutrition fulfills the babies’ needs and can also provide immune protection. In some cases, when mothers are not able to breastfeed, an equivalent substitute is required. Nowadays, the best substitutes of the human breast milk are infant formulas. Different technological routes may be designed to produce infant formulas according to the main challenges: the compromise between food safety and heat treatment damage. This article aimed to review the current scientific knowledge about how heat treatment affects the macro and micronutrients of milk, extrapolating the expected effects on infant formulas. The covered topics were: The definition and composition of infant formulas, industrial methods of infant formulas production, the effects of heat treatment on milk macro and micronutrients.

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