scholarly journals Bioavailability of Various Phosphorus Fractions and Their Seasonality in a Eutrophic Estuary in the Southern Baltic Sea – A Laboratory Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Rönspieß ◽  
Günther Nausch ◽  
Detlef Schulz-Bull
Keyword(s):  
Spring Bloom ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
P Fraction ◽  
Natural Spring ◽  
Residual Potential ◽  
Total P

Phosphorus (P) is a major driver of eutrophication, especially in anthropogenically impacted coastal waters, and determining its bioavailability is important for providing a good estimation of the eutrophication potential in aquatic systems. Therefore, we observed the bioavailability of P in four laboratory experiments on water samples collected in March, June, September, and December 2018. In the experiments, all P fractions of the sampled water were investigated in three treatments (“unfiltered” and “10 μm”- and “1.2 μm”-filtered). The bioavailability (utilization by organisms within several days) ranged from 9 to 100% for dissolved P, and 34 to 100% for particulate P. However, one of the particulate P fractions was bound in biomass and therefore was not directly bioavailable. The conditions in the March experiment represented a natural spring bloom with a residual potential for planktonic growth. In June and September, the nutrients needed for growth were depleted in the different treatments. In December, a spring bloom was simulated by the laboratory conditions. Preferential P uptake by a specific group of organisms could not be observed directly, although a trend of higher utilization of dissolved P by heterotrophic bacteria was observed. In conclusion, the bioavailable P (sum of dissolved P fractions and one particulate P fraction) accounted for between 20 and 94% of the total P. Consequently, our experiments demonstrated that the commonly monitored P fractions lead to an underestimation of the bioavailable P and thus of potential for eutrophication in aquatic systems, too.

scholarly journals The influences of historic lake trophy and mixing regime changes on long-term phosphorus fractions retention in sediments of deep, eutrophic lakes: a case study from Lake Burgäschi, Switzerland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyao Tu ◽  
Paul Zander ◽  
Sönke Szidat ◽  
Ronald Lloren ◽  
Martin Grosjean
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Anoxic Hypolimnion ◽  
P Fraction ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Total P

Abstract. Hypolimnetic anoxia in eutrophic lakes can delay lake recovery to lower trophic states via the release of sediment phosphorus (P) to surface waters on short time scales. However, the effects of hypolimnetic redox conditions and eutrophication on long-term sediment P-fraction retention are not clear yet. In this study, we investigated the sediment profiles since the early 1900s from Lake Burgäschi, a deep, eutrophic lake on the Swiss Plateau. The changes of sediment P-fraction retention were assessed with respect to lake trophic evolution (sedimentary green-pigments proxy), hypolimnetic oxygenation regime (Fe / Mn ratio proxy), sediment geochemical characteristics, and lake restoration history. Results showed that long-term retention of total P and labile P-fractions in sediments was predominantly affected by autochthonous Fe and Mn preserved in anoxic sediments, which were controlled by past hypolimnetic redox conditions. By contrast, refractory HCl-P (Ca-P) fraction retention largely resulted from authigenic CaCO3-P precipitation and increased with higher eutrophic levels. The retention of total P and labile P fractions was considerably reduced in surface sediments from 1977–2017 when Lake Burgäschi had the highest eutrophic levels and a persistent anoxic hypolimnion. We attributed the phenomenon to reduced sediment P-binding capacity (Mn and Fe oxyhydroxides) under the eutrophication-induced anoxic hypolimnion and decreased water-P concentrations due to hypolimnetic withdrawal. Our study implies that in seasonally stratified deep lakes like Lake Burgäschi, hypolimnetic withdrawal of P-enriched water can effectively reduce P retention in sediments and potentials of sediment-P release (seen from low P availability after 1977). However, the restoration has not improved lake trophic state, similarly to the findings from lake limnological survey.

scholarly journals The chemical characteristics of soil which determine phosphorus partitioning in highly calcareous soils

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1219-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Topalovic ◽  
Lidija Pfendt ◽  
Natalija Perovic ◽  
Dragana Djordjevic ◽  
Snezana Trifunovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Oxide Hydroxide ◽  
The Status ◽  
P Fraction ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Total P

Phosphorus fractions from three highly calcareous soils (average, 24.9 ? 4.8 %CO3 2-) from sampling sites with a Mediterranean climate were isolated by sequential extraction. In order to provide a more reliable basis for the definition of the obtained P-fractions, principal component analysis was applied and from the chemical characteristics of the 14 investigated soils, those characteristics which define the content and association features of the P-fractions were assessed. The soils are characterized by a relatively high pH (8.0 - 8.2) and by significantly differing contents of organic mater, acid-soluble Mg and total P. These differences affected the various association features of the P-fraction with the soil constituents. The NH4F-P fraction (isolated with 0.5 M NH4F, pH 8.2) is defined by the contents of the main metals of the oxide-hydroxide- clay associations (Al, Fe,Mn) or by the the redox potential (Eh) of Mn. The accumulation of NaOH-phosphorus (extractable with 0.1M NaOH) depended on the constituents of the oxide-hydroxide-clay association, the humic substances and Eh-related factors. In those soils in which NaOH-Pis defined by the oxide-hydroxide-clay association, the participation of Fe as a bridge-forming metal is proposed. The main part of total P, i.e., ?P = TP - (NH 4F-P + NaOH-P) is defined by the status of Mn- and Fe-humic complexes or by the concentration of hydroxyl-ions.

scholarly journals The influences of historic lake trophy and mixing regime changes on long-term phosphorus fraction retention in sediments of deep eutrophic lakes: a case study from Lake Burgäschi, Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2715-2729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyao Tu ◽  
Paul Zander ◽  
Sönke Szidat ◽  
Ronald Lloren ◽  
Martin Grosjean
Keyword(s):  
Trophic State ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Deep Lakes ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
P Fraction ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Retention

Abstract. Hypolimnetic anoxia in eutrophic lakes can delay lake recovery to lower trophic states via the release of sediment phosphorus (P) to surface waters on short timescales in shallow lakes. However, the long-term effects of hypolimnetic redox conditions and trophic state on sedimentary P fraction retention in deep lakes are not clear yet. Hypolimnetic withdrawal of P-rich water is predicted to diminish sedimentary P and seasonal P recycling from the lake hypolimnion. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence from well-dated sediment cores, in particular from deep lakes, about the long-term impact of hypolimnetic withdrawal on sedimentary P retention. In this study, long-term sedimentary P fraction data since the early 1900s from Lake Burgäschi provide information on benthic P retention under the influence of increasing lake primary productivity (sedimentary green-pigment proxy), variable hypolimnion oxygenation regimes (Fe∕Mn ratio proxy), and hypolimnetic withdrawal since 1977. Results show that before hypolimnetic withdrawal (during the early 1900s to 1977), the redox-sensitive Fe∕Mn-P fraction comprised ∼50 % of total P (TP) in the sediment profile. Meanwhile, long-term retention of total P and labile P fractions in sediments was predominantly affected by past hypolimnetic redox conditions, and P retention increased in sedimentary Fe- and Mn-enriched layers when the sediment-overlaying water was seasonally oxic. However, from 1977 to 2017, due to eutrophication-induced persistent anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion and to hypolimnetic water withdrawal increasing the P export out of the lake, net burial rates of total and labile P fractions decreased considerably in surface sediments. By contrast, refractory Ca–P fraction retention was primarily related to lake primary production. Due to lake restoration since 1977, the Ca–P fraction became the primary P fraction in sediments (representing ∼39 % of total P), indicating a lower P bioavailability of surface sediments. Our study implies that in seasonally stratified eutrophic deep lakes (like Lake Burgäschi), hypolimnetic withdrawal can effectively reduce P retention in sediments and potential for sediment P release (internal P loads). However, after more than 40 years of hypolimnetic syphoning, the lake trophic state has not improved nor has lake productivity decreased. Furthermore, this restoration has not enhanced water column mixing and oxygenation in hypolimnetic waters. The findings of this study are relevant regarding the management of deep eutrophic lakes with mixing regimes typical for temperate zones.

Phosphorus Leaching Under Cut Grassland

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Turner ◽  
P. M. Haygarth
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Significant Mechanism ◽  
Total P

Phosphorus (P) transfer from agricultural land to surface waters can contribute to eutrophication, excess algal growth and associated water quality problems. Grasslands have a high potential for P transfer, as they receive P inputs as mineral fertiliser and concentrates cycled through livestock manures. The transfer of P can occur through surface and subsurface pathways, although the capacity of most soils to fix inorganic P has meant that subsurface P transfer by leaching mechanisms has often been perceived as negligible. We investigated this using large-scale monolith lysimeters (135 cm deep, 80 cm diameter) to monitor leachate P under four grassland soil types. Leachate was collected during the 1997–98 drainage year and analysed for a range of P fractions. Mean concentrations of total P routinely exceeded 100 μg l−1 from all soil types and, therefore, exceeded P concentrations above which eutrophication and algal growth can occur. The majority of the leachate P was in algal-available Mo-reactive (inorganic) forms, although a large proportion occurred in unreactive (organic) forms. We suggest that subsurface transfer by leaching can represent a significant mechanism for agricultural P transfer from some soils and must be given greater consideration as a potential source of diffuse P pollution to surface waters.

scholarly journals Influence of Application of Organic Residues of Different Biochemical Quality on Phosphorus Fractions in a Tropical Sandy Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Tanabhat-Sakorn Sukitprapanon ◽  
Metawee Jantamenchai ◽  
Duangsamorn Tulaphitak ◽  
Nattaporn Prakongkep ◽  
Robert John Gilkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Organic Residue ◽  
Residue Quality ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Fraction ◽  
Labile P

Understanding phosphorus (P) dynamics in tropical sandy soil treated with organic residues of contrasting quality is crucial for P management using organic amendments. This research determined P fractions in a tropical sandy soil under the application of organic residues of different quality, including groundnut stover (GN), tamarind leaf litter (TM), dipterocarp leaf litter (DP), and rice straw (RS). The organic residues were applied at the rate of 10 t DM ha−1 year−1. The P fractions were examined by a sequential extraction procedure. Organic residue application, regardless of residue quality, resulted in P accumulation in soils. For unamended soil, 55% of total P was mainly associated with Al (hydr)oxides. Organic residue application, regardless of residue quality, diminished the NH4F-extractable P (Al-P) fraction, but it had a nonsignificant effect on NaOH-extractable P (Fe-P). The majority of Al-P and Fe-P fractions were associated with crystalline Al and Fe (hydr)oxides. NH4Cl-extractable P (labile P), NaHCO3-extractable P (exchangeable P and mineralizable organic P), HCl-extractable P (Ca-P), and residual P fractions in soil were significantly increased as a result of the incorporation of organic residues. The application of organic residues, particularly those high in ash alkalinity, increase soil pH, labile P, and Ca-P fractions. In contrast, applications of residues high in lignin and polyphenols increase residual P fraction, which is associated with organo-mineral complexes and clay mineral kaolinite.

scholarly journals Assessing the leaching behavior of different gunshot materials in natural spring waters

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Fäth ◽  
Axel Göttlein
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Leaching Tests ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
Thin Coatings ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Natural Spring

Abstract Background Owing to the high environmental risk of lead-based gunshot, especially as the main source of acute lead poisoning in waterfowl, restrictions on its use in European wetlands are being put into place. In order to assess potential risks of alternative gunshot pellets to aquatic systems, we validated a recently published study that compared the leaching behavior of different game shot materials in an artificial solution and their toxicological effects to Daphnia magna. We therefore investigated the altered leaching of shot materials in natural spring waters. Results The different water conditions (geology/redox conditions) had a strong influence on the leaching behavior of the examined shot types. Spring water originating from siliceous bedrock showed the highest concentrations of nearly all leached metals under aerobic conditions. The results were similar to the former study, which used an artificial standardized medium for daphnids. Conclusions According to the conducted leaching tests, Cu- and Zn-based as well as Zn-coated gunshot should be avoided by reason of the high risks they pose to the aquatic environment. Furthermore, the use of Pb-based and Ni-alloyed or -coated game shot also should be hampered owing to their impact on birds or other wildlife. Since some of these shot materials are still on the European market, an effective toxicity screening of alternative gunshot materials is necessary. By conducting standardized leaching tests, in addition to chemical compositional standards and toxicity tests regarding birds, the environmental risks of each game shot would entirely be assessed. The method presented in this study provides a further step for initial ecotoxicological risk assessment of gunshot for aquatic systems, since it additionally assesses minor components, like thin coatings, which also can have a high impact to these ecosystems.

The impact of biomass harvesting on phosphorus uptake by wetland plants

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-Y. Kim ◽  
P.M. Geary
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Biomass Harvesting ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P ◽  
Better Than ◽  
P Removal

Two species of macrophytes, Baumea articulata and Schoenoplectus mucronatus, were examined for their capacity to remove phosphorus under nutrient-rich conditions. Forty large bucket systems with the two different species growing in two types of substrate received artificial wastewaters for nine months, simulating a constructed wetland (CW) under high loading conditions. Half of the plants growing in the topsoil and gravel substrates were periodically harvested whereas the other half remained intact. Plant tissue and substrate samples were regularly analysed to determine their phosphorus concentrations. With respect to phosphorus uptake and removal, the Schoenoplectus in the topsoil medium performed better than the Baumea. Biomass harvesting enhanced P uptake in the Schoenoplectus, however the effect was not significant enough to make an improvement on the overall P removal, due to the slow recovery of plants and regrowth of biomass after harvesting. From P partitioning, it was found that the topsoil medium was the major P pool, storing most of total P present in the system. Plant parts contributed only minor storage with approximately half of that P stored below ground in the plant roots. The overall net effect of harvesting plant biomass was to only remove less than 5% of total phosphorus present in the system.

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on The Nutrient, Phosphateuptake and in Vitro Digestibility of Alfalfa

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Suwignyo ◽  
Bela Putra ◽  
Nafiatul Umami ◽  
Cahyo Wulandari ◽  
Ristianto Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Total P

This study aimed to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate (P) fertilizer on the nutrient content, phosphate uptake and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).The research was conducted at green house of Forage and Pastures Science Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design using 3x4 factorial patterns with four replications. The first factor was dosage of phosphate fertilizer SP 36 (0, 60, and 120 kg/ha). Second factor was the dosage of AMF (0, 0.8, 1.6, and 2.4kg/ha). The variable measured was nutrient contents (crude protein, dry matter, and organic matter), total P uptake and dry matter and organic matter in vitro digestibility. The results showed that the interaction of AMF and P fertilizer had no significant effect on crude protein and total P uptake, but highly significant effect on the parameters of dry matter, organic matter and dry matter and organic matter in vitro digestibility. 

Effects of humic substances from composted or chemically decomposed poplar sawdust on mineral nutrition of ryegrass

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. BIDEGAIN ◽  
M. KAEMMERER ◽  
M. GUIRESSE ◽  
M. HAFIDI ◽  
F. REY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Initial Mixture ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Manganese Uptake ◽  
Total P ◽  
Poplar Sawdust

Two organic fertilizers were prepared from the same initial mixture of poplar sawdust, blood and flour either by composting in a reactor or by chemical oxidation. Both processes resulted in loss of c. 30% of the organic matter. Composting required 90 days in comparison to only a few hours with chemical oxidation. Extraction of the organic residues with 1 N KOH gave solutions containing 24·6 and 15·1 g/l of humic substances respectively. These humic solutions were applied to pot-grown Lolium multiflorum Lam. at 4 and 10 mg carbon per pot to assess the short-term uptake of macro and microelements by the plants. When the plants were short of phosphorus, the humic substances from the chemically decomposed sawdust supplied at 10 mg C per pot improved total P uptake and yield. Humic substances also increased copper and manganese uptake, and by enhancing root development, also improved nitrogen uptake and biomass yield.

scholarly journals Distribution of phosphorus fractions of different plant availability in German forest soils and their relationship to common soil properties and foliar P concentrations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Niederberger ◽  
Martin Kohler ◽  
Jürgen Bauhus
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Pools ◽  
P Content ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Total P

Abstract. Repeated, grid-based forest soil inventories such as the nationwide German forest soil survey (GFSI) aim, among other things, at detecting changes in soil properties and plant nutrition. In these types of inventories, the only information on soil phosphorus (P) is commonly the total P content. However, total P content in mineral soils of forests is usually not a meaningful variable to predict the availability of P to trees. Here we tested a modified sequential P extraction ac-cording to Hedley to determine the distribution of different plant available P fractions in soil samples (0–5 and 10–30 cm depth) from 146 GFSI sites, capturing a wide variety of soil conditions. In addition, we analyzed relationships between these P fractions and common soil proper-ties such as pH, texture, and organic Carbon content (SOC). Total P content among our samples ranged from approximately 60 up to 2800 mg kg−1. The labile, moderately labile, and stable P fractions contributed to 27 %, 51 % and 22 % of total P content, respectively, at 0–5 cm depth. At 10–30 cm depth, the labile P fractions decreased to 15 %, whereas the stable P fractions in-creased to 30 %. These changes with depth were accompanied by a decrease in the organic P fractions. High P contents were related with high pH-values. Whereas the labile P pool increased with decreasing pH in absolute and relative terms, the stable P pool decreased in absolute and relative terms. Increasing SOC in soils led to significant increases in all P pools and in total P. In sandy soils, the P content across all fractions was lower than in other soil texture types. Multiple linear regressions indicated that P pools and P fractions were moderately well related to soil properties (r2 mostly above 0.5), and sand content of soils had the strongest influence. Foliage P concentrations in Pinus sylvestris were reasonably well explained by the labile and moderately labile P pool (r

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