scholarly journals Uncrewed Surface Vessel Technological Diffusion Depends on Cross-Sectoral Investment in Open-Ocean Archetypes: A Systematic Review of USV Applications and Drivers

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth G. Patterson ◽  
Emily Lawson ◽  
Vinay Udyawer ◽  
Gary B. Brassington ◽  
Rachel A. Groom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Technological Diffusion ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Maritime Operations ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Maritime Infrastructure

Accessing the world's oceans is essential for monitoring and sustainable management of the maritime domain. Difficulty in reaching remote locations has resulted in sparse coverage, undermining our capacity to deter illegal activities and gather data for physical and biological processes. Uncrewed Surface Vessels (USVs) have existed for over two decades and offer the potential to overcome difficulties associated with monitoring and surveillance in remote regions. However, they are not yet an integral component of maritime infrastructure. We analyse 15 years of non-autonomous and semi-autonomous USV-related literature to determine the factors limiting technological diffusion into everyday maritime operations. We systematically categorised over 1,000 USV-related publications to determine how government, academia and industry sectors use USVs and what drives their uptake. We found a striking overlap between these sectors for 11 applications and nine drivers. Low cost was a consistent and central driver for USV uptake across the three sectors. Product ‘compatibility' and lack of ‘complexity' appear to be major factors limiting USV technological diffusion amongst early adopters. We found that the majority (21 of 27) of commercially available USVs lacked the complexity required for multiple applications in beyond the horizon operations. We argue that the best value for money to advance USV uptake is for designs that offer cross-disciplinary applications and the ability to operate in an unsheltered open ocean without an escort or mothership. The benefits from this technological advancement can excel under existing collaborative governance frameworks and are most significant for remote and developing maritime nations.

scholarly journals Induction of Neural Plasticity Using a Low-Cost Open Source Brain-Computer Interface and a 3D-Printed Wrist Exoskeleton

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Mads Jochumsen ◽  
Taha Al Muhammadee Janjua ◽  
Juan Carlos Arceo ◽  
Jimmy Lauber ◽  
Emilie Simoneau Buessinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
True Positive Rate ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Bci System

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been proven to be useful for stroke rehabilitation, but there are a number of factors that impede the use of this technology in rehabilitation clinics and in home-use, the major factors including the usability and costs of the BCI system. The aims of this study were to develop a cheap 3D-printed wrist exoskeleton that can be controlled by a cheap open source BCI (OpenViBE), and to determine if training with such a setup could induce neural plasticity. Eleven healthy volunteers imagined wrist extensions, which were detected from single-trial electroencephalography (EEG), and in response to this, the wrist exoskeleton replicated the intended movement. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited using transcranial magnetic stimulation were measured before, immediately after, and 30 min after BCI training with the exoskeleton. The BCI system had a true positive rate of 86 ± 12% with 1.20 ± 0.57 false detections per minute. Compared to the measurement before the BCI training, the MEPs increased by 35 ± 60% immediately after and 67 ± 60% 30 min after the BCI training. There was no association between the BCI performance and the induction of plasticity. In conclusion, it is possible to detect imaginary movements using an open-source BCI setup and control a cheap 3D-printed exoskeleton that when combined with the BCI can induce neural plasticity. These findings may promote the availability of BCI technology for rehabilitation clinics and home-use. However, the usability must be improved, and further tests are needed with stroke patients.

SAFETY CRITICAL MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS RESILIENCE: A CRITICAL REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 158 (A3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A John ◽  
T C Nwaoha
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Systems Security ◽  
Maritime Operations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Operational Processes ◽  
Maritime Infrastructure

Safety Critical Maritime Infrastructure (SCMI) systems are vulnerable to diverse risks in their challenging field of operations due to their interactions and interdependence. In addition, the multiplicity of stakeholders in these systems and the complex operational scenarios are often associated with a high level of uncertainty because they usually operate in a dynamic environment in which the boundaries of safety are pushed, leading to the disruption of operations. Therefore, the safety of these systems is very important to ensuring resilience of their operations. This research is focus on the background analysis of SCMI systems. This includes operational processes of SCMI systems, security threats and estimates of economic damage to the system, resilience engineering literature relevant to maritime operations; regulatory overview including risk governance of the systems, lessons learnt from major accidents and a concluding remark is drawn.

scholarly journals Development of a Control Systems Training Module for Application on Undergraduate Engineering Classes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano A. E. Silva ◽  
Ivan Barroso ◽  
Alexsander Menezes ◽  
Alessandro R. L. Zachi ◽  
Milena F. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Training Module ◽  
Undergraduate Engineering ◽  
Student Access ◽  
Training Control

Student access to laboratory experiments is critical in undergraduate engineering courses since it integrates theory and practice. The access of students to such practical examples helps them to understand and apply what is learned. However, due to rapid technological advancement, educational kits can quickly become obsolete. Besides, there are many known commercial platforms for training.Many of them have steep prices, which makes their availability dicult for every student. The present work proposes a low-cost ATMEGA-based system as the main device for an educational tool for training Control System Theory. The system enables the students to test dierent control strategies through the use of a simple educational kit.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Digital Marketing and Digital Payment on Consumer Purchase Behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Monica Tiewul
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Payment Methods ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The issue of whether innovation and technological advancement continually bring new phenomenon remains unpredictable, especially in the financial industry. As technology and digital services continue to ingrain themselves into more aspects of lives, the financial sector has not been immuned. New technology has given way to new services and with new services comes the gradual disruption of the old. This study researched on the influence of digital marketing and digital payment on consumer purchase behaviour in Coburg, Germany. The availability of digital marketing is enabling many companies of all sizes to embrace mobile and data while adopting a ‘cloud first’ approach to redesigning their business models. This brings about the introduction of a new ‘pay-as-you-go’ business model that enables efficiency, low-cost speed to scale and creation of new, richer customer experience. This research sort to examine the impact of digital marketing on consumer purchase behaviour, assess the factors influencing consumer to patronise digital payment and examine the future of digital payment methods. In this research, primary and secondary data are utilised. The data has been analysed using descriptive and multivariate statistical methods like factor loading analysis, correlation, cross tabulation, and chi-square. From this research, it is concluded that the availability of extensive information, variety of products, level of satisfaction and level of education are the most essential factors influencing digital marketing and digital payment and this will lead to an increase in the digital payment methods with more security in the future. Also, bitcoin will not be accepted as a future digital payment method.

The impact of business strategy on leadership

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Marx
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Best Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Market Strategies ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the proposition that business strategy affects leadership functions, skills, traits, and styles, and to assess the implications of these effects for the practice of both leadership and strategic planning. Design/methodology/approach – This is an empirical study based on over 450 responses to an online survey. Continuous rating scales allowed the use of regression analysis to test the impacts of different strategies on leadership. Findings – The results provide strong empirical evidence that Product (Differentiation vs Low Cost strategies), Best Value, and Blue Ocean strategies have significant effects on leadership. Market strategies (Broad vs Niche strategies) have limited impacts. The greater complexity of Product, Best Value, and Blue Ocean strategies underlie these findings. Research limitations/implications – This study explores the effects of strategy on leadership. Future studies need to explore if these effects are moderated by external, competitive conditions, and if strategy mediates the impacts of leadership on organizational performance. Practical implications – The practical implications of these findings are that leaders must adjust their behavior and leadership styles to effectively implement alternative strategies, and planners must assess their organization’s leadership capabilities when formulating strategy. Originality/value – There have been numerous studies of the impacts of external/internal conditions on leadership, but this is one of the first studies of the critical impacts of strategy on leadership.

scholarly journals Maritime Axis And Indonesia’s National Security: Challenge And Hope

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safril Hidayat dan Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
The World ◽  
Security Challenge ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Maritime Infrastructure

<p><strong>Abstract - </strong>The maritime and marine potentials are so great on the one hand, were a blessing on<strong> </strong>Indonesia's geographical condition, but on the other hand, it can lead to conflict. Exploitation and illegal activities on marine resources without considering to sustainability will worsen the welfare of society and oftenly conflicting international relations. As a country that becomes the crossing of foreign ships where four straits of the seven important straits of the world exist in Indonesian waters, Indonesia is a country that is vulnerable from the side of maritime security. Crime in Indonesian waters is still frequent, either by Indonesian citizens themselves or foreign nationals. The Government of Indonesia with the Nawa Cita program has the vision of Indonesia as a maritime axis of the world. Meanwhile, as a policy, the successful implementation of maritime axis policy is largely determined by content of policy and context of implementation. The successful implementation of maritime axis policy will impact the realization of the welfare and security of Indonesian society. This article uses a qualitative approach with data sources and literature related to maritime axis. Validity and reliability of data is done by reference triangulation. The results show that the implementation of maritime shaft policy still requires the readiness of the implementer as the front guard of maritime axis policy along with the development of maritime infrastructure of international standard.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>maritime axis, content of policy, context of implementation, national security</p>

scholarly journals ANALISA STANDAR DAN STRATEGI INDUSTRI KOPI SIAP MINUM DALAM KEMASAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Ellia Kristiningrum ◽  
Firdanis Setyaning ◽  
Febrian Isharyadi ◽  
Ahmad Syafin A
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Best Value

<p>Banyaknya produk kopi <em>ready to drink</em> (RTD) atau kopi siap minum dalam kemasan yang beredar di Indonesia menandakan bahwa bisnis ini memiliki peluang pasar yang besar. Masing-masing produsen berlomba-lomba menciptakan strategi untuk meraih pasar yang ada. Strategi adalah alat untuk mencapai tujuan dimana perumusannya memerlukan mekanisme yang tidak sederhana. Keberadaan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) sangat penting untuk memberikan jaminan kepada konsumen akan mutu produk kopi siap minum dalam kemasan meskipun merk yang beredar di pasar berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisa terhadap SNI <a href="http://sisni.bsn.go.id/index.php?/sni_main/sni/detail_sni/4760">01-4314-1996</a> dan strategi produk kopi siap minum dalam kemasan. SNI <a href="http://sisni.bsn.go.id/index.php?/sni_main/sni/detail_sni/4760">01-4314-1996</a> telah berusia lebih dari 5 tahun dan 5 (lima) dari 7 (tujuh) standar acuan yang digunakan juga telah berusia lebih dari 5 tahun, sehingga standar ini sudah selayaknya untuk dilakukan proses kaji ulang. Sedangkan usulan strategi yang dihasilkan dari penghimpunan informasi dari eksternal dan internal perusahan antara lain <em>low cost and best value</em>, menurunkan presentase kandungan kopi dalam RTD, menambah variasi rasa dan kemasan, meningkatkan frekuensi iklan dalam televisi.</p>

scholarly journals The turning points of revenue management: a brief history of future evolution

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Seymour Yeoman ◽  
Una McMahon-Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Revenue Management ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
The Right

Purpose The primary aim of revenue management (RM) is to sell the right product to the right customer at the right time for the right price. Ever since the deregulation of US airline industry, and the emergence of the internet as a distribution channel, RM has come of age. The purpose of this paper is to map out ten turning points in the evolution of Revenue Management taking an historical perspective. Design/methodology/approach The paper is a chronological account based upon published research and literature fundamentally drawn from the Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management. Findings The significance and success to RM is attributed to the following turning points: Littlewood’s rule, Expected Marginal Seat Revenue, deregulation of the US air industry, single leg to origin and destination RM, the use of family fares, technological advancement, low-cost carriers, dynamic pricing, consumer and price transparency and pricing capabilities in organizations. Originality/value The originality of the paper lies in identifying the core trends or turning points that have shaped the development of RM thus assisting futurists or forecasters to shape the future.

scholarly journals Healthy eating in Ukraine: attitudes, barriers and information sources

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
OO Biloukha ◽  
V Utermohlen
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Major Factors

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the major perceived influences on food choice, to examine the use of and trust in information sources concerning healthy eating, and to assess attitudes towards and barriers to adopting healthy eating practices in a post-USSR country (Ukraine).DesignA survey of an urban adult population. The questions were adopted from the Pan-European Union (EU) Survey of Consumer Attitudes to Food, Nutrition and Health (1995–1996).SettingLviv city, Ukraine.SubjectsThe survey included 296 adults (84 males, 212 females) aged 18–55 years; they were primarily college students and subjects with tertiary education – the groups most likely to be both interested in healthy eating and affected by current socioeconomic downturns.ResultsThe major factors in food choice were: ‘quality/freshness’ (cited by 80%), ‘price’ (58%) and ‘taste’ (47%); only 34% cited ‘trying to eat healthily’. More older people cited ‘price’ than ‘quality/freshness’, and men were more likely than women to cite ‘taste’. Sources of healthy eating information included: ‘relatives/friends’ (cited by 65%, trusted by 85%) and health professionals (trusted by 92%, but used by only 35%); while advertising was the least trusted source (cited by 28%). Fifty-three per cent of respondents considered their diet to be healthy enough without further changes; 50% thought of the nutritional aspects of the food they ate; fewer women than men considered their diet healthy, and more women than men thought about nutrition. Barriers to healthy eating included: ‘cost’ (cited by 65%), ‘lack of time’ (55%), ‘self-control’ (54%), ‘selection influences’ (41%), ‘lack of knowledge’ (32%), ‘unpleasant foods’ and ‘resistance to change’ (both 30%).ConclusionsStrategies to encourage healthy eating in this population should involve word-of-mouth nutrition education concerning low-cost healthy alternatives.

scholarly journals IMAGE CAPTURE WITH SYNCHRONIZED MULTIPLE-CAMERAS FOR EXTRACTION OF ACCURATE GEOMETRIES

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B1 ◽  
pp. 653-660
Author(s):  
M. Koehl ◽  
T. Delacourt ◽  
C. Boutry
Keyword(s):  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Internal Parameters ◽  
Dense Point ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Fisheye Lenses

This paper presents a project of recording and modelling tunnels, traffic circles and roads from multiple sensors. The aim is the representation and the accurate 3D modelling of a selection of road infrastructures as dense point clouds in order to extract profiles and metrics from it. Indeed, these models will be used for the sizing of infrastructures in order to simulate exceptional convoy truck routes. The objective is to extract directly from the point clouds the heights, widths and lengths of bridges and tunnels, the diameter of gyrating and to highlight potential obstacles for a convoy. Light, mobile and fast acquisition approaches based on images and videos from a set of synchronized sensors have been tested in order to obtain useable point clouds. The presented solution is based on a combination of multiple low-cost cameras designed on an on-boarded device allowing dynamic captures. The experimental device containing &lt;i&gt;GoPro Hero4&lt;/i&gt; cameras has been set up and used for tests in static or mobile acquisitions. That way, various configurations have been tested by using multiple synchronized cameras. These configurations are discussed in order to highlight the best operational configuration according to the shape of the acquired objects. As the precise calibration of each sensor and its optics are major factors in the process of creation of accurate dense point clouds, and in order to reach the best quality available from such cameras, the estimation of the internal parameters of fisheye lenses of the cameras has been processed. Reference measures were also realized by using a 3D TLS (&lt;i&gt;Faro Focus 3D&lt;/i&gt;) to allow the accuracy assessment.

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