scholarly journals The Global Prevalence of Daptomycin, Tigecycline, and Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Strains From Human Clinical Samples: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Dadashi ◽  
Parastoo Sharifian ◽  
Nazila Bostanshirin ◽  
Bahareh Hajikhani ◽  
Narjess Bostanghadiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Predominant Species

Background and Aim: The predominant species of the Enterococcus, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) cause great variety of infections. Therefore, the expansion of antimicrobial resistance in the Enterococcus is one of the most important global concerns. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of resistance to linezolid, tigecycline, and daptomycin among enterococcal strains isolated from human clinical specimens worldwide.Methods: Several databases including Web of Science, EMBASE, and Medline (via PubMed), were carefully searched and reviewed for original research articles available in databases and published between 2000 and 2020. A total of 114 studies worldwide that address E. faecalis and E. faecium resistance to linezolid, tigecycline, and daptomycin were analyzed by STATA software.Results: The overall prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium was reported to be 0.9 and 0.6%, respectively. E. faecalis and E. faecium were more resistant to the linezolid (2.2%) and daptomycin (9%), respectively. The prevalence of tigecyline-resistant E. facium (1%) strains was higher than E. faecalis strains (0.3%). Accordingly, the prevalence of linezolid-resistant E. faecalis was higher in Asia (2.8%), while linezolid-resistant E. faecium was higher in the America (3.4%). Regarding tigecycline-resistance, a higher prevalence of E. faecalis (0.4%) and E. faecium (3.9%) was reported in Europe.Conclusion: In conclusion, this meta-analysis shows that there is an emerging resistance in Enterococcus strains. Despite the rising resistance of enterococci to antibiotics, our results demonstrate that tigecycline, daptomycin, and linezolid can still be used for the treatment of enterococcal infections worldwide.

scholarly journals Purification and characterization of bacteriocins-like inhibitory substances from food isolated Enterococcus faecalis OS13 with activity against nosocomial enterococci

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed O. El-Gendy ◽  
Dag A. Brede ◽  
Tamer M. Essam ◽  
Magdy A. Amin ◽  
Shaban H. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Global Threat

AbstractNosocomial infections caused by enterococci are an ongoing global threat. Thus, finding therapeutic agents for the treatment of such infections are crucial. Some Enterococcus faecalis strains are able to produce antimicrobial peptides called bacteriocins. We analyzed 65 E. faecalis isolates from 43 food samples and 22 clinical samples in Egypt for 17 common bacteriocin-encoding genes of Enterococcus spp. These genes were absent in 11 isolates that showed antimicrobial activity putatively due to bacteriocins (three from food, including isolate OS13, and eight from clinical isolates). The food-isolated E. faecalis OS13 produced bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) named enterocin OS13, which comprised two peptides (enterocin OS13α OS13β) that inhibited the growth of antibiotic-resistant nosocomial E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates. The molecular weights of enterocin OS13α and OS13β were determined as 8079 Da and 7859 Da, respectively, and both were heat-labile. Enterocin OS13α was sensitive to proteinase K, while enterocin OS13β was resistant. Characterization of E. faecalis OS13 isolate revealed that it belonged to sequence type 116. It was non-hemolytic, bile salt hydrolase-negative, gelatinase-positive, and sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin, vancomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin. In conclusion, BLIS as enterocin OS13α and OS13β represent antimicrobial agents with activities against antibiotic-resistant enterococcal isolates.

scholarly journals Identification of a Broadly Active Phage Lytic Enzyme with Lethal Activity against Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (14) ◽  
pp. 4808-4812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Yoong ◽  
Raymond Schuch ◽  
Daniel Nelson ◽  
Vincent A. Fischetti
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Lytic Enzyme ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium infections are increasingly difficult to treat due to high levels of resistance to antibiotics. PlyV12, a bacteriophage lytic enzyme, was isolated and shown to effectively kill both E. faecalis and E. faecium (including vancomycin-resistant strains), as well as other human pathogens. We propose its development and use as an alternative therapeutic tool.

Underutilization of Meta-analysis in Diagnostic Pathology

2015 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
pp. 1302-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kinzler ◽  
Lanjing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Citation Count ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meta Analyses

Context No studies to our knowledge have investigated citations and utilization of meta-analysis in diagnostic pathology (DP). Objective To characterize meta-analyses in DP compared with meta-analyses in medicine. Design We searched PubMed for meta-analyses in 12 major DP journals without specifying years and in 4 major medicine journals in both 2006 and 2011. We compared articles' adjusted citation ratios (ACRs), defined as an article's citation count divided by the mean citations for the meta-analysis, review, and original research articles published in the same journal in the same year. Results Forty-one of 76 DP articles, 74 of 125 medicine articles in 2011, and 52 of 83 medicine articles in 2006 were qualified meta-analyses as identified by PubMed. The ACRs of DP meta-analysis articles were higher than those of original research articles (2.62 ± 2.31 versus 0.92 ± 0.84, P < .001) and similar to those of review articles in 2006 (2.62 ± 2.31 versus 1.95 ± 1.59, P = .50), but they were similar to both in 2011 (1.85 ± 1.39 versus 0.99 ± 1.43, P = .11; 1.85 ± 1.39 versus 1.12 ± 1.43, P = .21, respectively). Diagnostic pathology and medicine meta-analyses had similar ACRs (1.85 ± 1.39 versus 1.57 ± 1.35 in 2011, P = .60; and 2.62 ± 2.31 versus 1.85 ± 1.90 in 2006, P = .50, respectively). However, although DP journals published fewer meta-analyses (0.97% versus 6.66% in 2011 and 0.67% versus 4.40% in 2006, P < .001 for both), they published more meta-analyses using both original and published data than medicine (21.95% versus 1.59%, P < .001). They also published more meta-analyses per year in 2011–2014 than in 2000–2010 (6.4 ± 1.29 versus 1.36 ± 1.03 articles per year, P < .001). Conclusions We found underutilization of meta-analyses in DP, despite their high ACRs and recently increased utilization. More DP meta-analyses are needed.

scholarly journals Detection of antibiotic resistance genes among multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical sources in selected health institutions in Kwara State.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
O.C. Adekunle ◽  
A. Mustapha ◽  
G. Odewale ◽  
R.O. Ojedele
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Health Institutions

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a frequent nosocomial pathogen that causes severe diseases in many clinical and community settings. The objectives were to investigate the occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa strains among clinical samples and to detect the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in the DNA molecules of the strains.Methods: Clinical specimens were collected aseptically from various human anatomical sites in five selected health institutions within Kwara State, Nigeria. Multiple drug resistance patterns of isolated micro-organisms to different antibiotics were determined using the Bauer Kirby disc diffusion technique. The DNA samples of the multiple resistant P. aeruginosa strains were extracted and subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for resistance gene determination.Results: A total of 145 isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa from the clinical samples. Absolute resistance to ceftazidime, gentamicin and ceftriaxone was observed while low resistance to ciprofloxacin, piperacillin and imipenem was documented. The prevalence of bla VIM , ,bla CTX-M and blaTEM were 34.4 %, 46.7 % and 16.7 % respectively.Conclusion: This study has shown that there is a high occurrence of metallo â-lactamase- producing and antibiotic-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa in clinical specimens from the studied area. Keywords: Metallo â-lactamase enzyme, P. aeruginosa, clinical samples, antibiotic-resistance genes

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Epidemiology of Antibiotic-resistant Yersinia Species in Food and Clinical Specimens in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Farzad Khademi ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Yersinia Species ◽  
Resistance Rates

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Yersinia species, especially Y. enterocolitica from non-clinical and clinical isolates in Iran. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Scientific Information Database (SID) using "antibiotic resistance", "Yersinia", and "Iran" as major keywords until June 10, 2019. According to the predefined article selection criteria, published studies addressing the epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant Yersinia species in Iran were included in the meta-analysis. Data were extracted and exported to the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software to evaluate antibiotic resistance rates, heterogeneity of studies and publication bias. Results: Twelve studies reported antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disk diffusion method. The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Yersinia species in food and clinical specimens in Iran was as follows: 22.4% to amoxicillin, 41.9% to ampicillin, 6% to gentamicin, 17% to trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, 19% to tetracycline, 10.3% to ciprofloxacin, 10.5% to streptomycin, 3.8% to chloramphenicol, 79.3% to cephalothin, 18.4% to nalidixic acid, 6.6% to cefotaxime, and 12.2% to trimethoprim. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of resistant Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from food and clinical specimens in Iran to β-lactams, while the resistance rates to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolone and chloramphenicol were low. Our findings recommended the necessity of a continuous surveillance of the resistance patterns and prudent use of trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid to prevent the development of antibioticresistant Y. enterocolitica strains in Iran.

scholarly journals Time to abandon ampicillin plus gentamicin in favour of ampicillin plus ceftriaxone in Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis? A meta-analysis of comparative trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Mirna ◽  
Albert Topf ◽  
Lukas Schmutzler ◽  
Uta C. Hoppe ◽  
Michael Lichtenauer
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Drug Withdrawal ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Equivalent Class ◽  
Comparative Trials

Abstract Background Current guidelines recommend either ampicillin plus ceftriaxone (AC) or amoxicillin/ampicillin plus gentamicin (AG) with an equivalent class IB recommendation in Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis. However, previous observational studies suggest that AC might be favourable in terms of adverse events. Objectives To investigate whether AC is non-inferior to AG, and if it is associated with less adverse events. Methods In June 2021, a systematic literature search using the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, CDSR, CENTRAL, CCAs, EBM Reviews, Web of Science and LILACS was conducted by two independent reviewers. Studies were considered eligible if (P) patients included were ≥ 18 years of age and had IE with E. faecalis, (I) treatment with AC was compared to (C) treatment with AG and (O) outcomes on in-hospital mortality, nephrotoxicity and adverse events requiring drug withdrawal were reported. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects models with the Mantel–Haenszel method, the Sidik–Jonkman estimator for τ2 and the Hartung–Knapp adjustment. Results Treatment with AC was non-inferior to AG, as depicted by no significant differences in-hospital mortality, 3-month mortality, relapses or treatment failure. Furthermore, AC was associated with a lower prevalence of nephrotoxicity (OR 0.45 [0.26–0.77], p = 0.0182) and drug withdrawal due to adverse events (OR 0.11 [0.03–0.46], p = 0.0160) than AG. Conclusions Treatment with AC was non-inferior to treatment with AG, and it was associated with a reduced prevalence of nephrotoxicity and drug withdrawal due to adverse events. Thus, combination therapy with AC appears favourable over AG in patients with E. faecalis IE. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Pathogenicity determinants and antibiotic resistance profiles of enterococci from foods of animal origin in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulay Elal Mus ◽  
Figen Cetinkaya ◽  
Recep Cibik ◽  
Gul Ece Soyutemiz ◽  
Husniye Simsek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Species Specific

In this study, the presence of genes responsible for the pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance profile of enterococci isolated from various foodstuffs of animal origin was investigated. The percentage prevalence of enterococci was 54.1% (203/375) and the average count was found to be 3.81 log cfu/ml-g. Species-specific primers revealed Enterococcus faecalis as the predominant species carrying one or more virulence-associated traits of efa, gelE, ace, esp and agg genetic markers. Only one E. faecium isolate (from milk) was positive for the esp gene. Regarding antibiotic resistance, the highest frequency of resistance was observed for tetracycline (21.7%), followed by quinupristin/dalfopristin (13.3%), ciprofloxacin (2.0%), penicillin (2.0%), linezolid (1.0%), ampicillin (1.0%), streptomycin (1.0%), and gentamicin (0.5%). Enterococcus faecalis showed a higher prevalence of antibiotic resistance than other enterococci. The percentage of multidrug resistance among the isolates was 3.4%. Twenty-nine E. faecalis isolates (26.6%) carrying one of the virulence-associated traits were at the same time resistant to at least one antibiotic. Our results show that foods of animal origin, including ready-to-eat products, may be reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant and potentially virulent enterococci.

scholarly journals Uso de la espectroscopia de infrarrojo cercano para la medición de la saturación de oxígeno muscular en el deporte

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (Avance Online) ◽  
Author(s):  
CD Gómez-Carmona ◽  
A Bastida-Castillo ◽  
J Pino-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
Method Of Evaluation ◽  
The Web

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar el funcionamiento de la espectroscopia de infrarrojo cercano y sus diferentes aplicaciones en el ámbito deportivo como son: la descripción de las exigencias oxidativas mediante su monitorización tanto en contextos de resistencia y fuerza, y la evaluación de su aplicación en programas de entrenamiento. Para ello se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus en la que se obtuvieron, después de la exclusión de artículos que no se ajustaron a los criterios de inclusión, un total de 38 artículos originales de investigación. Los datos resultantes que fueron extraídos de los estudios incluidos fueron datos de los participantes, parámetros del programa de entrenamiento o ejercicio, los músculos evaluados, el dispositivo y método de evaluación y los principales resultados. ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to review the operation of near-infrared spectroscopy and its different applications in the sports field, such as: the description of oxidative requirements through its monitoring in both resistance and strength contexts and the evaluation of its application in training programs. A bibliographic search was carried out in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, in which a total of 38 original research articles were obtained after exclusion of articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The resulting data that were extracted from the included studies were data of the participants, parameters of the training program or exercise, the muscles evaluated, the device and method of evaluation and the main results. RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi revisar o funcionamento da espectroscopia do infravermelho próximo e suas diferentes aplicações no campo esportivo, tais como: a descrição dos requisitos oxidativos através de seu monitoramento em contextos de resistência e força e a avaliação de sua aplicação em programas de treinamento . Uma pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados da Web of Science e Scopus, no qual foram obtidos 38 artigos de pesquisa originais após a exclusão de artigos que não atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. Os dados resultantes que foram extraídos dos estudos incluídos foram dados dos participantes, parâmetros do programa de treinamento ou exercício, os músculos avaliados, o dispositivo e o método de avaliação e os principais resultados.

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