scholarly journals 2-Heptylcyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Disperses and Inhibits Bacterial Biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe L. Harrison ◽  
Rukhsana Awais ◽  
Michael Harris ◽  
Babatunde Raji ◽  
Brian C. Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Active State ◽  
Decenoic Acid ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Dormant Cells ◽  
Biofilm Dispersion ◽  
Dispersal Events

Fatty-acid signaling molecules can inhibit biofilm formation, signal dispersal events, and revert dormant cells within biofilms to a metabolically active state. We synthesized 2-heptylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (2CP), an analog of cis-2-decenoic acid (C2DA), which contains a cyclopropanated bond that may lock the signaling factor in an active state and prevent isomerization to its least active trans-configuration (T2DA). 2CP was compared to C2DA and T2DA for ability to disperse biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 2CP at 125 μg/ml dispersed approximately 100% of S. aureus cells compared to 25% for C2DA; both 2CP and C2DA had significantly less S. aureus biofilm remaining compared to T2DA, which achieved no significant dispersal. 2CP at 125 μg/ml dispersed approximately 60% of P. aeruginosa biofilms, whereas C2DA and T2DA at the same concentration dispersed 40%. When combined with antibiotics tobramycin, tetracycline, or levofloxacin, 2CP decreased the minimum concentration required for biofilm inhibition and eradication, demonstrating synergistic and additive responses for certain combinations. Furthermore, 2CP supported fibroblast viability above 80% for concentrations below 1 mg/ml. This study demonstrates that 2CP shows similar or improved efficacy in biofilm dispersion, inhibition, and eradication compared to C2DA and T2DA and thus may be promising for use in preventing infection for healthcare applications.

Antibiotics Application Strategies to Control Biofilm Formation in Pathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Dung T.N. Pham ◽  
Sandra F. Oloketuyi ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces

Background: The establishment of a biofilm by most pathogenic bacteria has been known as one of the resistance mechanisms against antibiotics. A biofilm is a structural component where the bacterial community adheres to the biotic or abiotic surfaces by the help of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) produced by bacterial cells. The biofilm matrix possesses the ability to resist several adverse environmental factors, including the effect of antibiotics. Therefore, the resistance of bacterial biofilm-forming cells could be increased up to 1000 times than the planktonic cells, hence requiring a significantly high concentration of antibiotics for treatment. Methods: Up to the present, several methodologies employing antibiotics as an anti-biofilm, antivirulence or quorum quenching agent have been developed for biofilm inhibition and eradication of a pre-formed mature biofilm. Results: Among the anti-biofilm strategies being tested, the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of several antibiotics either alone or in combination has been shown to inhibit biofilm formation and down-regulate the production of virulence factors. The combinatorial strategies include (1) combination of multiple antibiotics, (2) combination of antibiotics with non-antibiotic agents and (3) loading of antibiotics onto a carrier. Conclusion: The present review paper describes the role of several antibiotics as biofilm inhibitors and also the alternative strategies adopted for applications in eradicating and inhibiting the formation of biofilm by pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Biofilm inhibition and bactericidal activity of NiTi alloy coated with graphene oxide/silver nanoparticles via electrophoretic deposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirapat Pipattanachat ◽  
Jiaqian Qin ◽  
Dinesh Rokaya ◽  
Panida Thanyasrisung ◽  
Viritpon Srimaneepong
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Niti Alloy ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Coating Time

AbstractBiofilm formation on medical devices can induce complications. Graphene oxide/silver nanoparticles (GO/AgNPs) coated nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy has been successfully produced. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm effects of a GO/AgNPs coated NiTi alloy prepared by Electrophoretic deposition (EPD). GO/AgNPs were coated on NiTi alloy using various coating times. The surface characteristics of the coated NiTi alloy substrates were investigated and its anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans biofilm were determined by measuring the biofilm mass and the number of viable cells using a crystal violet assay and colony counting assay, respectively. The results showed that although the surface roughness increased in a coating time-dependent manner, there was no positive correlation between the surface roughness and the total biofilm mass. However, increased GO/AgNPs deposition produced by the increased coating time significantly reduced the number of viable bacteria in the biofilm (p < 0.05). Therefore, the GO/AgNPs on NiTi alloy have an antibacterial effect on the S. mutans biofilm. However, the increased surface roughness does not influence total biofilm mass formation (p = 0.993). Modifying the NiTi alloy surface using GO/AgNPs can be a promising coating to reduce the consequences of biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Bioactive constituents with antibacterial, resistance modulation, anti-biofilm formation and efflux pump inhibition properties from Aidia genipiflora stem bark

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Anokwah ◽  
Evelyn Asante-Kwatia ◽  
Abraham Y. Mensah ◽  
Cynthia Amaning Danquah ◽  
Benjamin K. Harley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibition ◽  
Oleanonic Acid

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance is a global health challenge. The involvement of bacterial biofilms and efflux pumps in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) is well established. Medicinal plants have been proposed as alternatives for combating MDR focusing on their bioactive constituents with resistance modulatory activities. This study was aimed at investigating the stem bark of Aidia genipiflora for bioactive constituents with anti-biofilm, efflux pump inhibition and resistance modulatory activities. Method The crude methanol extract was purified by column chromatography and isolated compounds characterized by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Antibacterial activity was determined by the High-throughput spot culture growth inhibition and the broth micro-dilution assay. The ethidium bromide accumulation assay was used to determine efflux pump inhibition property. Biofilm inhibition was determined in a microplate crystal violet retention assay. Results Purification of the ethyl acetate fraction led to the isolation of oleanonic acid (1), 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid docosyl ester (2), β-stigmasterol/β-sitosterol (mixture 3a/b) and D-mannitol (4). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 250 to > 500 μg/mL for extracts and fractions and from 15 to 250 μg/mL for compounds. In the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of the compounds, the MIC of amoxicillin against E. coli (20 μg/mL) and P. aeruginosa (320 μg/mL) was reduced by 32 and 10 folds respectively. The whole extract demonstrated anti-biofilm formation and efflux pump inhibition in E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The sterol mixture (3a/b) at concentration of 100 μg/mL caused the highest inhibition (73%) of biofilm formation in S. aureus. Oleanonic acid (1) demonstrated remarkable efflux pump inhibition at MIC of 7.8 μg/mL in E. coli better than the standard drugs verapamil and chlorpromazine. Conclusion This study confirms the prospects of A. genipiflora as a source of new antibacterial agents and adjuvants that could interact with some resistance mechanisms in bacteria to enhance the activity of hitherto ineffective antibiotics. “A small portion of the study has been presented in a conference in the form of poster”.

scholarly journals Insight into the effect of quinic acid on biofilm formed byStaphylococcus aureus

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 3938-3945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Rong Bai ◽  
Yan-Ping Wu ◽  
Grosu Elena ◽  
Kai Zhong ◽  
Hong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Insight Into

QA effectively inhibitedS. aureusbiofilm formation. The key genes of biofilm inhibition induced by QA wereagrAandsarA.

scholarly journals A Single B-Repeat of Staphylococcus epidermidis Accumulation-Associated Protein Induces Protective Immune Responses in an Experimental Biomaterial-Associated Infection Mouse Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1206-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yan ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Hongyan Ma ◽  
David Chiu ◽  
James D. Bryers
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protein Vaccine ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accumulation Associated Protein

ABSTRACTNosocomial infections are the fourth leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, resulting in 2 million infections and ∼100,000 deaths each year. More than 60% of these infections are associated with some type of biomedical device.Staphylococcus epidermidisis a commensal bacterium of the human skin and is the most common nosocomial pathogen infecting implanted medical devices, especially those in the cardiovasculature.S. epidermidisantibiotic resistance and biofilm formation on inert surfaces make these infections hard to treat. Accumulation-associated protein (Aap), a cell wall-anchored protein ofS. epidermidis, is considered one of the most important proteins involved in the formation ofS. epidermidisbiofilm. A small recombinant protein vaccine comprising a single B-repeat domain (Brpt1.0) ofS. epidermidisRP62A Aap was developed, and the vaccine's efficacy was evaluatedin vitrowith a biofilm inhibition assay andin vivoin a murine model of biomaterial-associated infection. A high IgG antibody response againstS. epidermidisRP62A was detected in the sera of the mice after two subcutaneous immunizations with Brpt1.0 coadministered with Freund's adjuvant. Sera from Brpt1.0-immunized mice inhibitedin vitroS. epidermidisRP62A biofilm formation in a dose-dependent pattern. After receiving two immunizations, each mouse was surgically implanted with a porous scaffold disk containing 5 × 106CFU ofS. epidermidisRP62A. Weight changes, inflammatory markers, and histological assay results after challenge withS. epidermidisindicated that the mice immunized with Brpt1.0 exhibited significantly higher resistance toS. epidermidisRP62A implant infection than the control mice. Day 8 postchallenge, there was a significantly lower number of bacteria in scaffold sections and surrounding tissues and a lower residual inflammatory response to the infected scaffold disks for the Brpt1.0-immunized mice than for of the ovalbumin (Ova)-immunized mice.

scholarly journals Green Tea Polyphenols and Padma Hepaten Inhibit Candida albicans Biofilm Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosi Farkash ◽  
Mark Feldman ◽  
Isaac Ginsburg ◽  
Doron Steinberg ◽  
Miriam Shalish
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Green Tea Polyphenols ◽  
Crystal Violet Staining ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Therapeutic Concept ◽  
Biofilm Development

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most prevalent opportunistic human pathogenic fungus and can cause mucosal membrane infections and invade the blood. In the oral cavity, it can ferment dietary sugars, produce organic acids and therefore has a role in caries development. In this study, we examined whether the polyphenol rich extractions Polyphenon from green tea (PPFGT) and Padma Hepaten (PH) can inhibit the caries-inducing properties of C. albicans. Biofilms of C. albicans were grown in the presence of PPFGT and PH. Formation of biofilms was tested spectrophotometrically after crystal violet staining. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) secretion was quantified using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). Treated C. albicans morphology was demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Expression of virulence-related genes was tested using qRT-PCR. Development of biofilm was also tested on an orthodontic surface (Essix) to assess biofilm inhibition ability on such appliances. Both PPFGT and PH dose-dependently inhibited biofilm formation, with no inhibition on planktonic growth. The strongest inhibition was obtained using the combination of the substances. Crystal violet staining showed a significant reduction of 45% in biofilm formation using a concentration of 2.5mg/ml PPFGT and 0.16mg/ml PH. A concentration of 1.25 mg/ml PPFGT and 0.16 mg/ml PH inhibited candidal growth by 88% and EPS secretion by 74% according to CSLM. A reduction in biofilm formation and in the transition from yeast to hyphal morphotype was observed using SEM. A strong reduction was found in the expression of hwp1, eap1, and als3 virulence associated genes. These results demonstrate the inhibitory effect of natural PPFGT polyphenolic extraction on C. albicans biofilm formation and EPS secretion, alone and together with PH. In an era of increased drug resistance, the use of phytomedicine to constrain biofilm development, without killing host cells, may pave the way to a novel therapeutic concept, especially in children as orthodontic patients.

scholarly journals Effects of Baseplates of Orthodontic Appliances with in situ generated Silver Nanoparticles on Cariogenic Bacteria: A Randomized, Doubleblind Cross-over Clinical Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghayeh Ghorbanzadeh ◽  
Babak Pourakbari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria

ABSTRACT Aim Polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) is commonly used primarily for baseplates of orthodontic appliances (BOA). The activities of cariogenic bacteria in biofilm on these surfaces may contribute to dental caries, gingival inflammation and periodontal disease. The PMMA incorporated with nanoparticles of silver (NanoAg-I-PMMA) and NanoAg in situ in PMMA (NanoAg-IS-PMMA) have been shown to control the growth of cariogenic bacteria, but clinical trial of anti-cariogenic application of these novel materials in orthodontics has not been evaluated. The main aim of the study is to compare the clinical effectiveness of using NanoAg-IS-PMMA and NanoAg-I-PMMA for construction of new BOA in inhibiting the planktonic growth and biofilm formation of the cariogenic bacteria. Materials and methods Twenty four patients with a median age of 12.6 years (7-15) harboring Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Lactobacillus acidophilus as well as Lactobacillus casei participated in the randomized, doubleblind, cross-over study. The experimental BOA, NanoAg-ISBOA and NanoAg-I-BOA, contained 0.5% w/w NanoAg while the control BOA was standard PMMA. Antibacterial effect of NanoAg-IS-BOA and NanoAg-I-BOA was assessed against test cariogenic bacteria by planktonic and biofilm bacterial cells growth inhibition. Results The average levels of test cariogenic bacteria in saliva decreased about 2 to 70 fold (30.9-98.4%) compared to baseline depending on the microorganism type and test BOA. Biofilm inhibition analysis demonstrated that NanoAg-I-BOA and NanoAg-IS-BOA inhibited the biofilm of all test bacteria by 20.1 to 79.9% compared to BOA. NanoAg-IS-BOA had a strong anti-biofilm effect against S. mutans, S. sobrinus and L. casei. However, NanoAg-I-BOA showed only slight antibiofilm effects on test bacteria. Most notably, at all period of the clinical trial, NanoAg-IS-BOA showed a higher antibacterial activity than NanoAg-I-BOA. Conclusion Based on the novel data that presented here, the NanoAg-IS-BOA had strong antimicrobial activity in the planktonic phase and subsequent biofilm formation of the cariogenic bacteria. Clinical significance Wearing of NanoAg-IS-BOA has the potential to minimize dental plaque formation and caries during orthodontic treatment. How to cite this article Ghorbanzadeh R, Pourakbari B, Bahador A. Effects of Baseplates of Orthodontic Appliances with in situ generated Silver Nanoparticles on Cariogenic Bacteria: A Randomized, Double-blind Cross-over Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(4):291-298.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e514101119967
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Mendes dos Santos ◽  
Filipe Augusto Matos Araújo ◽  
Érika da Silva Matisui ◽  
Luiz Antonio Mendonça Alves da Costa ◽  
Alexandre José Macêdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Amazonian Region

A low shrub growing in the Amazonian region, Piper marginatum Jacq. has been related to the treatment of a disease variety in folk medicine, however, still lacking scientific support. This study aimed to describe the composition of essential oils obtained from leaves (EOL) and branches (EOB) of P. marginatum and their antimicrobial effects on six relevant pathogenic bacteria. A combination of GC-FID and GC-MS was used to identify the phytochemical constituents. As antimicrobial assays, the oils were screened at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3 µg/ml for planktonic and biofilm inhibition. EOL revealed the presence of trans–nerolidol, o–cymene, spathulenol, elemicin, and α–copaene, while EOB composition was mainly of myristicin, trans-caryophyllene, trans-nerolidol, caryophyllene oxide, α–copaene, γ–muurolene and spathulenol. The strongest inhibition of planktonic growth was achieved against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (EOB) and Escherichia coli (EOB). Overall, Gram negative bacteria were more sensitive to both EOB/EOL showing less ability of growth and biofilm formation. The Gram-positive strains seemed to react to the essential oils by massive adhesion. Our results corroborate the relevance of Piperaceae and indicate the possible use of P. marginatum in future developments of antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Antibiofilm activity of Fmoc-phenylalanine against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshi Singh ◽  
Avinash Y. Gahane ◽  
Virender Singh ◽  
Shreya Ghosh ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Mechanistic Investigation ◽  
Congo Red Staining ◽  
Antibiofilm Agents

AbstractBackgroundBiofilm associated infections are the major contributor of mortality, morbidity and financial burden in patients with bacterial infection. Molecules with surfactant behaviour are known to show significant antibiofilm effect against these infections. Thus, newly discovered antibacterial Fmoc-phenylalanine (Fmoc-F) and other Fmoc-amino acids (Fmoc-AA) with surfactant properties, could have potential antibiofilm properties.ObjectivesTo evaluate and characterise the antibiofilm activity of Fmoc-F and some Fmoc-AA against various clinically relevant bacteria.MethodsBiofilm inhibition and eradication was evaluated by crystal violet staining procedure along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Attenuated Total Reflection - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Biochemical assays and Congo red staining were employed to investigate mechanism of antibiofilm action.ResultsWe showed that Fmoc-F not only inhibits the biofilm formation in S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, but also eradicates the already formed biofilms over the surface. Further, Fmoc-F coated glass surface resists S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and attachment, when biofilm is grown over the surface. The mechanistic investigation suggests that Fmoc-F reduces the ECM components such as proteins carbohydrates and eDNA in the biofilm and affect its stability via direct interactions with ECM components and/ or indirectly through reducing bacterial cell population. Finally, we showed that Fmoc-F treatment in combination with other antibiotics such as vancomycin and ampicillin synergistically inhibit biofilm formation.ConclusionsOverall, the study demonstrates the potential application of Fmoc-F and other Fmoc-AA molecules individually as well as in combination as antibiofilm agents and antibiofilm coating material for treating biofilm associated infections.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitroxides on Swarming Motility and Biofilm Formation, Multicellular Behaviors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 4877-4881 ◽  
Author(s):  
César de la Fuente-Núñez ◽  
Fany Reffuveille ◽  
Kathryn E. Fairfull-Smith ◽  
Robert E. W. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Swarming Motility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exogenous Addition ◽  
Biofilm Dispersion ◽  
Dispersal Activity

ABSTRACTThe ability of nitric oxide (NO) to induce biofilm dispersion has been well established. Here, we investigated the effect of nitroxides (sterically hindered nitric oxide analogues) on biofilm formation and swarming motility inPseudomonas aeruginosa. A transposon mutant unable to produce nitric oxide endogenously (nirS) was deficient in swarming motility relative to the wild type and the complemented strain. Moreover, expression of thenirSgene was upregulated by 9.65-fold in wild-type swarming cells compared to planktonic cells. Wild-type swarming levels were substantially restored upon the exogenous addition of nitroxide containing compounds, a finding consistent with the hypothesis that NO is necessary for swarming motility. Here, we showed that nitroxides not only mimicked the dispersal activity of NO but also prevented biofilms from forming in flow cell chambers. In addition, anirStransposon mutant was deficient in biofilm formation relative to the wild type and the complemented strain, thus implicating NO in the formation of biofilms. Intriguingly, despite its stand-alone action in inhibiting biofilm formation and promoting dispersal, a nitroxide partially restored the ability of anirSmutant to form biofilms.

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