scholarly journals Regional Diets Targeting Gut Microbial Dynamics to Support Prolonged Healthspan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorrain Yanwen Low ◽  
Sophia Hejndorf ◽  
Rachel Thomas Tharmabalan ◽  
Sibrandes Poppema ◽  
Sven Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ethnic Variations

In the last 150 years, we have seen a significant increase in average life expectancy, associated with a shift from infectious to non-communicable diseases. The rising incidence of these diseases, for which age is often the largest risk factor, highlights the need for contemporary societies to improve healthy ageing for their growing silver generations. As ageing is an inevitable, non-reversing and highly individualised process, we need to better understand how non-genetic factors like diet choices and commensal gut microbes can modulate the biology of ageing. In this review, we discuss how geographical and ethnic variations influence habitual dietary patterns, nutrient structure, and gut microbial profiles with potential impact on the human healthspan. Several gut microbial genera have been associated with healthy elderly populations but are highly variable across populations. It seems unlikely that a universal pro-longevity gut microbiome exists. Rather, the optimal microbiome appears to be conditional on the microbial functionality acting on regional- and ethnicity-specific trends driven by cultural food context. We also highlight dietary and microbial factors that have been observed to elicit individual and clustered biological responses. Finally, we identify next generation avenues to modify otherwise fixed host functions and the individual ageing trajectory by manipulating the malleable gut microbiome with regionally adapted, personalised food intervention regimens targeted at prolonging human healthspan.

scholarly journals Changes in Handwriting due to Alzheimer’s Disease a Case Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
İsmail Birincioğlu ◽  
Mustafa Uzun ◽  
Nevzat Alkan ◽  
Ömer Kurtaş ◽  
Rıza Yılmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Document Examiners

Handwriting and signature comparisons are frequently performed in forensic investigations of documents. Mistakes in conclusion might be due to lack of sufficient documentation and information. Many factors can affect handwriting and signature. These factors are divided into two groups: dependent or independent of the individual at the time the handwriting or signature is made. Therefore, the situations leading to differences between individuals and in the individual’s own handwriting and signature should be determined. Currently, average life expectancy and quality have increased due to the developments in health services. Thus, an increasing number of elderly people are engaged in an active daily life and trade. Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) can develop in the elderly; this is a condition that could alter handwriting and signature considerably over time.In forensic document examination, comparing the document in question containing handwriting or signature with the original documents prepared before the document in question was prepared is important. However, if alterations have developed secondary to a disease, the documents prepared before and after the disease affected the individual should be assessed together.Likewise, in the present case, the examiners making comparisons using handwriting and signatures from different periods reached entirely different conclusions.The case is a bill prepared in 1994. The payee of the bill is a male born in 1925 and diagnosed with AD shortly before his death in 1998. The indebted person in the bill is the payee’s spouse. For the assessment of handwriting and signature, the first endorsement consisting of the handwritten name and signature was used. Several expert reports regarding the same document had been commissioned; these reached different views. The document was sent to The Council of Forensic Medicine to assess the identification and the previous reports. After re-evaluation, the handwriting was declared to belong to the payee.In this study, the reason that the experts delivered opposing opinions on the identification of a document handwritten by a person with AD after being referred to court was investigated.Based on the judicial file, the document examiners did not have the opportunity to evaluate all factors affecting the handwriting or signature of the individual, and an adequate number of handwriting and signature examples were not collected for comparison. Consequently, the examiners reached differing opinions. Thus, the above-mentioned factors are necessary to derive a satisfactory and accurate opinion regarding the identification of handwriting or signature.Keywords: Forensic sciences, handwriting, signature, Alzheimer’s Disease.

Childhood adversity studies as an antidote to the predominance of neo-liberal thinking in the field of mental health

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-563
Author(s):  
Adam Burley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Individual

This is a personal and reflective piece written from a clinician's point of view on the influence that the developing awareness around the consequences of childhood adversity has had upon the discussions, thinking and practice across the areas in which they are working. It seeks to argue that the increased understanding and recognition of the potential impact of early adversity can not only enhance and deepen the understanding of an individual's difficulties, but can serve to inform how services respond in a way that takes account of this. It suggests that the research and literature on childhood adversity can offer a route map away from a model of mental health that focuses predominantly on the individual as the sole source of interest.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Marine Molecules to Manage Alzheimer’s Disease

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Marisa Silva ◽  
Paula Seijas ◽  
Paz Otero
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Senile Plaques ◽  
Nmda Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
Main Action

Neurodegenerative diseases are sociosanitary challenges of today, as a result of increased average life expectancy, with Alzheimer’s disease being one of the most prevalent. This pathology is characterized by brain impairment linked to a neurodegenerative process culminating in cognitive decline and behavioral disorders. Though the etiology of this pathology is still unknown, it is usually associated with the appearance of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The most used prophylaxis relies on anticholinesterase drugs and NMDA receptor antagonists, whose main action is to relieve symptoms and not to treat or prevent the disease. Currently, the scientific community is gathering efforts to disclose new natural compounds effective against Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative pathologies. Marine natural products have been shown to be promising candidates, and some have been proven to exert a high neuroprotection effect, constituting a large reservoir of potential drugs and nutraceutical agents. The present article attempts to describe the processes of extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds derived from sponges, algae, marine bacteria, invertebrates, crustaceans, and tunicates as drug candidates against AD, with a focus on the success of pharmacological activity in the process of finding new and effective drug compounds.

scholarly journals Weighing in on heart failure: the potential impact of bariatric surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanuka Datta ◽  
Andrew J. Lee ◽  
Rachel Cain ◽  
Melissa McCarey ◽  
David J. Whellan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
It Impacts ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Physiologic System

AbstractObesity is a growing worldwide epidemic with significant economic burden that carries with it impacts on every physiologic system including the cardiovascular system. Specifically, the risk of heart failure has been shown to increase dramatically in obese individuals. The purpose of this review is to provide background on the individual burdens of heart failure and obesity, followed by exploring proposed physiologic mechanisms that interconnect these conditions, and furthermore introduce treatment strategies for weight loss focusing on bariatric surgery. Review of the existing literature on patients with obesity and heart failure who have undergone bariatric surgery is presented, compared, and contrasted.

ASSESSMENT OF THE DEPENDENCE OF THE AVERAGE LIFE EXPECTANCY OF THE POPULATION RESIDING IN THE TULA REGION IN THE AREAS WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF HEA VYMETALS IN THE SOIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
KHROMUSHIN V.A. ◽  
◽  
VOLKOV A.V. ◽  
KHADARTSEV A.A. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Algebraic Model ◽  
Constructive Logic ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Regional Mortality

The article presents the relevance of the problem, defines the research purpose: to compare the average life expectancy of the population in the areas of the Tula region with different contents of heavy metals in the class of causes of death “Respiratory diseases ”. The authors used the data of the regional mortality register, the results of analyzes of the content of heavy metals (copper, lead, zinc, nickel) in the soil by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and the calculation of the average life expectancy by the algebraic model of constructive logic. The results indicate a decrease in average life expectancy due to the presence of heavy metals in the soil, but the average life expectancy in both contaminated and non-contaminated areas is gradually increasing.

FEATURES OF THE BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BIRD CHERRY-OAT APHID (RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI) IN THE LABORATORY

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
YA.YU. GOLIVANOV ◽  
◽  
V.V. ZELENENKO ◽  
V.V. GRITSENKO
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Biological Development

The article presents data on the assessment of some issues of the ontogenesis of the bird cherryoat aphid: the average life expectancy, the number of offspring over a lifetime, the beginning of the reproductive period, the end of the reproductive period, the duration of the reproductive period, the life span of aphids and the number of offspring. The author found that the average life expectancy of animals was 21.55 days. The beginning of the reproductive period, on average, was on days 7–8, the end – on day 19. The average duration of the reproductive period was 12.5 days. The average number of offspring over the entire life for individuals in the sample was 34 nymphs, in a separate litter – 2–3 nymphs.

I nuovi scambi tra medici e pazienti: le parole della medicina

2021 ◽  
Vol 9788879169776 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Antonio M. Carrassi
Keyword(s):  
Search Engines ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Span ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Field Information ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Medicine showed enormous progresses since the middle of the last century and, thanks to the overwhelming research activities, which characterized that period, the average life span of people has increased extraordinarily. Many diseases that once were considered incurable are now being successfully treated. However, the disease has often been placed at the core of the clinical process rather than the person, the individual, the patient. Even in recent years, the patient doesn’t always find in his doctor the appropriate degree of empathy, and the level of communication that would be desirable. Moreover, today we are living an extraordinary development and spreading use of digital resources and search engines. Patients exploit these tools to obtain any kind of information, included the one in the medical field. Information technology and search engines play an extremely important role in medicine, and they can be seen a pivotal communication instrument between clinicians and patients, although they can also provide inaccurate or incorrect feedback to laypeople looking for answers to health questions, who do not have enough medical knowledge to evaluate the reliability of the source. This problem has been raised by clinicians and, more generally, by health workers, who today operate with a view to greater psychological proximity to the patient, passing from a so-called Disease Centred Medicine to a clinical practice much more sensitive to the needs of the patient, to his experience, to the context in which he lives, thus achieving a Patient Centred Medicine. Listening, attention, empathy and the words that a clinician is required to use towards each patient, during the clinical routine, take on more and more value for a correct doctor-patient exchange and alliance.

The Future Profile of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Japan

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Doba ◽  
S. Hinohara
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Evaluation ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Summary Objectives: One of the serious challenges for Japanese healthcare is the aging population. Analysis of health evaluation data, especially of the elderly over 75 years, is considered very important. In view of this prolonged life expectancy in Japan, our government started the new campaign of Healthy Japan 21, of which details are described, and also we will demonstrate the general profile of our perspective cohort study program concerning the new elder citizens in Japan. Methods and Results: Our group has started a health evaluation program for those apparently healthy new elder citizens over the age of 75. A ten-year cohort study is in progress, which is designed to accumulate health check-up data annually. The study collects information on physical well being, as well as information on the individual’s lifestyle, and social, emotional and spiritual environment. Such health appraisal is of primary importance. Preliminary results will be demonstrated with their special implications in clinical and epidemiological significance. The degree of frailty of the individual was also carefully evaluated, so that we can learn about the QOL of the seniors in Japan. Conclusions: At the present stage, we can only report a part of our study including the mental and spiritual environments of the individual. This kind of outcome study will give us some insights concerning the natural progress of frailty in the apparently healthy elderly.

scholarly journals Postmenopausal women – comorbid patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yu. Pestrikova ◽  
◽  
Elena A. Yurasova ◽  
Olga G. Sherbakova ◽  
Marina А. Shveeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Comorbid Diseases ◽  
Clinical Cases

Relevance. As the prevention and treatment of diseases improves, the average life expectancy of the population increases. For many of our contemporaries, a third of their lives are postmenopausal. Menopause-related health problems are increasingly common and require the attention of healthcare professionals. Aim. To raise awareness of gynecologists, urologists and other specialists about the medico-social significance of the problems of women in the menopausal period based on the analysis of literature sources and analysis of clinical cases. Materials and methods. To write this review, a search was carried out for domestic and foreign publications in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) over the past 20 years. The review included articles from the peer-reviewed literature. An analysis of 2 clinical cases with comorbid pathology in menopausal patients is presented. Results. The review presents data on age-related physiological changes and quality of life in menopausal women. The analysis of 2 clinical cases of the appointment of menopausal hormone therapy in patients with comorbid diseases was carried out. Conclusions. The importance of awareness of outpatient doctors in the diagnosis and management tactics of patients with comorbid diseases in menopause is emphasized.

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