scholarly journals Copper Tolerance Mechanism of the Novel Marine Multi-Stress Tolerant Yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii GXDK6 as Revealed by Integrated Omics Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Bu ◽  
Bing Yan ◽  
Huijie Sun ◽  
Mengcheng Zhou ◽  
Huashan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Copper Tolerance ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Meyerozyma Guilliermondii ◽  
Integrated Omics ◽  
Species Production

Various agricultural products used in food fermentation are polluted by heavy metals, especially copper, which seriously endangers human health. Methods to remove copper with microbial strategies have gained interests. A novel Meyerozyma guilliermondii GXDK6 could survive independently under high stress of copper (1400 ppm). The copper tolerance mechanism of GXDK6 was revealed by integrated omics in this work. Whole-genome analysis showed that nine genes (i.e., CCC2, CTR3, FRE2, GGT, GST, CAT, SOD2, PXMP4, and HSP82) were related to GXDK6 copper tolerance. Copper stress elevated glutathione metabolism-related gene expression, glutathione content, and glutathione sulfur transferase activity, suggesting enhanced copper conjugation and detoxification in cells. The inhibited copper uptake by Ctr3 and enhanced copper efflux by Ccc2 contributed to the decrease in intracellular copper concentration. The improved expression of antioxidant enzyme genes (PXMP4, SOD2, and CAT), accompanied by the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase), decreased copper-induced reactive oxygen species production, protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and cell death. The metabolite D-mannose against harsh stress conditions was beneficial to improving copper tolerance. This study contributed to understanding the copper tolerance mechanism of M. guilliermondii and its application in removing copper during fermentation.

L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid Protection Against Tridiphane Toxicity

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Hilton ◽  
Parthasarathy Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Corn Roots ◽  
Thiol Content ◽  
Intact Roots

Tridiphane [2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)oxirane] inhibited growth of seedling corn (Zea maysL. ‘DK T 1100’), wheat (Triticum aesetivumL. ‘Arthur’), and sorghum (Sorghum vulgarePers. ‘DK 42Y’) in growth chamber experiments. These inhibitions were partially circumvented by simultaneous treatment with OTC (L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid). Tridiphane, atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], and OTC each increased levels of low molecular weight thiols (glutathione) in intact roots of treated corn seedlings, but only OTC did in excised roots. Tridiphane and atrazine caused a decrease in thiol content of excised roots. Tridiphane treatments reduced the amount of glutathioneS-transferase activity extractable from corn roots, and this reduction was circumvented partially by OTC applied in combination with tridiphane. These data present evidence that tridiphane interference with cysteine or glutathione metabolism can be reversed by increasing cellular content of cysteine.

scholarly journals Overexpression of mqsR in Xylella fastidiosa Leads to a Priming Effect of Cells to Copper Stress Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis Gabriela Barbosa Carvalho ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Merfa ◽  
Natália Sousa Teixeira-Silva ◽  
Paula Maria Moreira Martins ◽  
Marco Aurélio Takita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Copper Tolerance ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Environmental Damage

Copper-based compounds are widely used in agriculture as a chemical strategy to limit the spread of multiple plant diseases; however, the continuous use of this heavy metal has caused environmental damage as well as the development of copper-resistant strains. Thus, it is important to understand how the bacterial phytopathogens evolve to manage with this metal in the field. The MqsRA Toxin–Antitoxin system has been recently described for its function in biofilm formation and copper tolerance in Xylella fastidiosa, a plant-pathogen bacterium responsible for economic damage in several crops worldwide. Here we identified differentially regulated genes by X. fastidiosa MqsRA by assessing changes in global gene expression with and without copper. Results show that mqsR overexpression led to changes in the pattern of cell aggregation, culminating in a global phenotypic heterogeneity, indicative of persister cell formation. This phenotype was also observed in wild-type cells but only in the presence of copper. This suggests that MqsR regulates genes that alter cell behavior in order to prime them to respond to copper stress, which is supported by RNA-Seq analysis. To increase cellular tolerance, proteolysis and efflux pumps and regulator related to multidrug resistance are induced in the presence of copper, in an MqsR-independent response. In this study we show a network of genes modulated by MqsR that is associated with induction of persistence in X. fastidiosa. Persistence in plant-pathogenic bacteria is an important genetic tolerance mechanism still neglected for management of phytopathogens in agriculture, for which this work expands the current knowledge and opens new perspectives for studies aiming for a more efficient control in the field.

scholarly journals Excess copper induces structural changes in cultured photosynthetic soybean cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Bernal ◽  
Pilar Sánchez-Testillano ◽  
María del Carmen Risueño ◽  
Inmaculada Yruela
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Copper Tolerance ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuole ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Excess Copper

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cell suspensions have the capacity to develop tolerance to excess copper, constituting a convenient system for studies on the mechanisms of copper tolerance. The functional cell organisation changes observed in these cell cultures after both short-term (stressed cells) and long-term (acclimated cells) exposure to 10 μm CuSO4 are reported from structural, cytochemical and microanalytical approaches. Cells grown in the presence of 10 μm CuSO4 shared some structural features with untreated cells, such as: (i) a large cytoplasmic vacuole, (ii) chloroplasts along the thin layer of cytoplasm, (iii) nucleus in a peripheral location exhibiting circular-shaped nucleolus and a decondensed chromatin pattern, and (iv) presence of Cajal bodies in the cell nuclei. In addition, cells exposed to 10 μm CuSO4 exhibited important differences compared with untreated cells: (i) chloroplasts displayed rounded shape and smaller size with denser-structured internal membranes, especially in copper-acclimated cells; (ii) no starch granules were found within chloroplasts; (iii) the cytoplasmic vacuole was larger, especially after long-term copper exposure; (iv) the levels of citrate and malate increased. Extracellular dark-coloured deposits with high copper content attached at the outer surface of the cell wall were observed only in cells exposed to a short-term copper stress. Structural cell modifications, mainly affecting chloroplasts, accompanied the short-term copper-induced response and were maintained as stable characters during the period of adaptation to excess copper. Vacuolar changes accompanied the long-term copper response. The results indicate that the first response of soybean cells to excess copper prevents its entry into the cell by immobilising it in the cell wall, and after an adaptive period, acclimation to excess copper may be mainly due to vacuolar sequestration.

scholarly journals Survival and Growth in the Presence of Elevated Copper: Transcriptional Profiling of Copper-Stressed Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (20) ◽  
pp. 7242-7256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail M. Teitzel ◽  
Ashley Geddie ◽  
Susan K. De Long ◽  
Mary Jo Kirisits ◽  
Marvin Whiteley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Copper Tolerance ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Profiles ◽  
Short Period

ABSTRACT Transcriptional profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to two separate copper stress conditions were determined. Actively growing bacteria subjected to a pulse of elevated copper for a short period of time was defined as a “copper-shocked” culture. Conversely, copper-adapted populations were defined as cells actively growing in the presence of elevated copper. Expression of 405 genes changed in the copper-shocked culture, compared to 331 genes for the copper-adapted cultures. Not surprisingly, there were genes identified in common to both conditions. For example, both stress conditions resulted in up-regulation of genes encoding several active transport functions. However, there were some interesting differences between the two types of stress. Only copper-adapted cells significantly altered expression of passive transport functions, down-regulating expression of several porins belonging to the OprD family. Copper shock produced expression profiles suggestive of an oxidative stress response, probably due to the participation of copper in Fenton-like chemistry. Copper-adapted populations did not show such a response. Transcriptional profiles also indicated that iron acquisition is fine-tuned in the presence of copper. Several genes induced under iron-limiting conditions, such as the siderophore pyoverdine, were up-regulated in copper-adapted populations. Interesting exceptions were the genes involved in the production of the siderophore pyochelin, which were down-regulated. Analysis of the copper sensitivity of select mutant strains confirmed the array data. These studies suggest that two resistance nodulation division efflux systems, a P-type ATPase, and a two-component regulator were particularly important for copper tolerance in P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Copper Tolerance and Characterization of a Copper-Responsive Operon,copYAZ, in an M1T1 Clinical Strain of Streptococcus pyogenes

2015 ◽  
Vol 197 (15) ◽  
pp. 2580-2592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie A. Young ◽  
Lily D. Gordon ◽  
Zhong Fang ◽  
Robert C. Holder ◽  
Sean D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Copper Tolerance ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Pathogen

ABSTRACTInfection withStreptococcus pyogenesis associated with a breadth of clinical manifestations ranging from mild pharyngitis to severe necrotizing fasciitis. Elevated levels of intracellular copper are highly toxic to this bacterium, and thus, the microbe must tightly regulate the level of this metal ion by one or more mechanisms, which have, to date, not been clearly defined. In this study, we have identified two virulence mechanisms by whichS. pyogenesprotects itself against copper toxicity. We defined a set of putative genes,copY(for a regulator),copA(for a P1-type ATPase), andcopZ(for a copper chaperone), whose expression is regulated by copper. Our results indicate that these genes are highly conserved among a range of clinicalS. pyogenesisolates. ThecopY,copA, andcopZgenes are induced by copper and are transcribed as a single unit. Heterologous expression assays revealed thatS. pyogenesCopA can confer copper tolerance in a copper-sensitiveEscherichia colimutant by preventing the accumulation of toxic levels of copper, a finding that is consistent with a role for CopA in copper export. Evaluation of the effect of copper stress onS. pyogenesin a planktonic or biofilm state revealed that biofilms may aid in protection during initial exposure to copper. However, copper stress appears to prevent the shift from the planktonic to the biofilm state. Therefore, our results indicate thatS. pyogenesmay use several virulence mechanisms, including altered gene expression and a transition to and from planktonic and biofilm states, to promote survival during copper stress.IMPORTANCEBacterial pathogens encounter multiple stressors at the host-pathogen interface. This study evaluates a virulence mechanism(s) utilized byS. pyogenesto combat copper at sites of infection. A better understanding of pathogen tolerance to stressors such as copper is necessary to determine how host-pathogen interactions impact bacterial survival during infections. These insights may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets that can be used to address antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Functions of the C2H2 Transcription Factor Gene thmea1 in Trichoderma harzianum under Copper Stress Based on Transcriptome Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jie Mei ◽  
Lirong Wang ◽  
Xiliang Jiang ◽  
Beilei Wu ◽  
Mei Li
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Copper Tolerance ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Expression Levels

Trichoderma spp. are important biocontrol filamentous fungi and have tremendous potential in soil bioremediation. In our previous studies, a C2H2 type transcription factor coding gene (thmea1) was cloned from a biocontrol agent T. harzianum Th-33; the encoded sequence of thmea1 contained 3 conserved C2H2 domains with Swi5 and Ace2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The thmea1 knockout mutant Δthmea1 showed 12.9% higher copper tolerance than the wild-type Th33. To elucidate the function of thmea1 and its relationship with copper stress response, we conducted transcriptome sequencing and analysis of wild-type Th33 and Δthmea1 under 0.8 mM copper stress. A total of 1061 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two strains, all DEGs were assigned to KEGG pathway database, 383 DEGs were annotated in 191 individual pathways, and the categories of ribosomal protein synthesis and amino acid metabolism were the most highly enriched ones. Analysis of related DEGs showed that the expression levels of intracellular glutathione detoxification enzyme, heat shock proteins, and ribosomal proteins in Δthmea1 were higher than that of the wild-type Th33, and the expression of metallothionein (MT) gene did not change. In addition, the expression levels of genes coding for proteins associated with the Ccc2p-mediated copper chaperone Atx1p transport of copper ions into the Golgi secretory pathway increased, as well as the copper amine oxidase (CuAO). These findings suggest that Thmea1 is a negative regulated factor of copper tolerance ability in T. harzianum. It does not show metallothionein expression activator activities as that of Ace2 in S. cerevisiae. We hypothesize that after T. harzianum has lost its thmea1 gene, the ability of cells to scavenge reactive oxygen species, mainly through the glutathione antioxidant system, is enhanced, whereas protein synthesis and repair and copper secretion increase under copper stress, which increases the ability of the mutant strain to tolerate copper stress.

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