Microbiota Variation Across Life Stages of European Field-Caught Anopheles atroparvus and During Laboratory Colonization: New Insights for Malaria Research

The potential use of bacteria for developing novel vector control approaches has awakened new interests in the study of the microbiota associated with vector species. To set a baseline for future malaria research, a high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal gene V3-V4 region was used to profile the microbiota associated with late-instar larvae, newly emerged females, and wild-caught females of a sylvan Anopheles atroparvus population from a former malaria transmission area of Spain. Field-acquired microbiota was then assessed in non-blood-fed laboratory-reared females from the second, sixth, and 10th generations. Diversity analyses revealed that bacterial communities varied and clustered differently according to origin with sylvan larvae and newly emerged females distributing closer to laboratory-reared females than to their field counterparts. Inter-sample variation was mostly observed throughout the different developmental stages in the sylvan population. Larvae harbored the most diverse bacterial communities; wild-caught females, the poorest. In the transition from the sylvan environment to the first time point of laboratory breeding, a significant increase in diversity was observed, although this did decline under laboratory conditions. Despite diversity differences between wild-caught and laboratory-reared females, a substantial fraction of the bacterial communities was transferred through transstadial transmission and these persisted over 10 laboratory generations. Differentially abundant bacteria were mostly identified between breeding water and late-instar larvae, and in the transition from wild-caught to laboratory-reared females from the second generation. Our findings confirmed the key role of the breeding environment in shaping the microbiota of An. atroparvus. Gram-negative bacteria governed the microbiota of An. atroparvus with the prevalence of proteobacteria. Pantoea, Thorsellia, Serratia, Asaia, and Pseudomonas dominating the microbiota associated with wild-caught females, with the latter two governing the communities of laboratory-reared females. A core microbiota was identified with Pseudomonas and Serratia being the most abundant core genera shared by all sylvan and laboratory specimens. Overall, understanding the microbiota composition of An. atroparvus and how this varies throughout the mosquito life cycle and laboratory colonization paves the way when selecting potential bacterial candidates for use in microbiota-based intervention strategies against mosquito vectors, thereby improving our knowledge of laboratory-reared An. atroparvus mosquitoes for research purposes.

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Colleters in the vegetative axis of Aechmea blanchetiana (Bromeliaceae): anatomical, ultrastructural and functional aspects

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt18095 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 379 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Igor Ballego-Campos ◽

Elder Antônio Sousa Paiva

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stages ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Secretory Activity ◽

Functional Roles ◽

Reproductive Axis ◽

Functional Aspects ◽

The Family ◽

Marginal Cells ◽

First Time

Colleters are common among eudicotyledons, but few records exist for monocotyledons and other groups of plants. For Bromeliaceae, mucilage secretions that protect the young portions of the plant have been observed only in the reproductive axis, and little is known about the secretory systems behind this or even other kind of secretions in the family. We aimed to describe, for the first time, the occurrence of colleters associated with the vegetative shoot of Aechmea blanchetiana (Baker) L.B.Sm., and elucidate aspects of their structure, ultrastructure and secretory activity. Samples of various portions of the stem axis were prepared according to standard methods for light and electron microscopy. Colleters were found compressed in the axillary portion of leaves and in all leaf developmental stages. Secretory activity, however, was found to be restricted to young and unexpanded leaves. The colleters displayed a flattened hand-like shape formed by a multiseriate stalk and an expanded secretory portion bearing elongated marginal cells. Ultrastructural data confirmed that the secretory role of the colleters is consistent with mucilaginous secretion. The functional roles of the colleters are discussed with regard to environmental context and intrinsic features of the plant, such as the presence of a water-impounding tank.

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Local domestication of microbes via cassava beer fermentation

10.7287/peerj.preprints.233 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Alese Colehour ◽

James F Meadow ◽

Tara J Cepon-Robins ◽

Theresa E Gildner ◽

Melissa A Liebert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Community Composition ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Bacterial Community Composition ◽

Ribosomal Gene ◽

Ecuadorian Amazon ◽

Traditional Fermentation

Cassava beer, or chicha, is typically consumed daily by the indigenous Shuar people of the Ecuadorian Amazon. This traditional beverage made from cassava tuber (Manihot esculenta) improves nutritional quality and flavor while extending shelf life in a tropical climate. Bacteria responsible for chicha fermentation could be a source of microbes beneficial to human health, but little is known regarding the microbiology of chicha. We investigated bacterial community composition of chicha batches using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Fermented chicha samples were collected from seven Shuar households in two neighboring villages in the Morona-Santiago region of Ecuador, and the composition of the bacterial communities within each chicha sample was determined by sequencing a region of the 16S ribosomal gene. Members of the genus Lactobacillus dominated all samples, demonstrating that chicha is a source of organisms related to known probiotics. Significantly greater taxonomic similarity was observed between communities in chicha samples taken within a village than those from different villages. Community composition varied among chicha samples, even those separated by short geographic distances, suggesting that ecological and/or evolutionary processes, including human preference, may be responsible for creating locally adapted and regionally resilient ferments. Our results suggest that traditional fermentation may be a form of domestication that provides endemic beneficial inocula for consumers.

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Local domestication of microbes via cassava beer fermentation

10.7287/peerj.preprints.233v1 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Alese Colehour ◽

James F Meadow ◽

Tara J Cepon-Robins ◽

Theresa E Gildner ◽

Melissa A Liebert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Community Composition ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Bacterial Community Composition ◽

Ribosomal Gene ◽

Ecuadorian Amazon ◽

Traditional Fermentation

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Evaluation of Bacterial Diversity and Quality Features of Traditional Sichuan Bacon from Different Geographical Region

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11209738 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (20) ◽

pp. 9738

Author(s):

Song Wang ◽

Xingjie Wang ◽

Wanshu Pan ◽

Aiping Liu ◽

Shuliang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Diversity ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Geographic Regions ◽

Shared Otus ◽

Nitrite Content

Sichuan bacon is one of the most popular types of Chinese bacon in the domestic market. High-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the bacterial diversity of 39 Sichuan bacon samples collected from 3 geographical regions. The results showed that the bacterial diversity of Sichuan bacon in different regions demonstrated certain specificity as well as similarity, and the shared OTUs were close to 81% of the total number in the basin group, mountain group, and plateau group. At the genus level, Staphylococcus is the most dominant genus among the three groups, covering 26.7%, 20.6%, and 22.7%, respectively. Beta diversity shows significant differences in bacterial compositions in different geographic regions, especially for Pseudomonas, Brochothrix, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Enterococcus. Meanwhile, some physicochemical characteristics were analyzed, and a significant difference (p < 0.05) among the three regions was shown in the Aw, pH, and nitrite content, which were significantly correlated with undesired bacteria. This study provides insights into the understanding of the role of bacterial communities in the microbial safety and quality improvement of Sichuan bacon.

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Bacterial community dynamics across developmental stages of fungal fruiting bodies

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1093/femsec/fiaa175 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniyal Gohar ◽

Mari Pent ◽

Kadri Põldmaa ◽

Mohammad Bahram

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Fruiting Body ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Community Dynamics ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Body Parts ◽

Fruiting Bodies ◽

Bacterial Community Dynamics ◽

Host Development

ABSTRACT Increasing evidence suggest that bacteria form diverse communities in various eukaryotic hosts, including fungi. However, little is known about their succession and the functional potential at different host development stages. Here we examined the effect of fruiting body parts and developmental stages on the structure and potential function of fungus-associated bacterial communities. Using high-throughput sequencing, we characterized bacterial communities and their associated potential functions in fruiting bodies from ten genera belonging to four major mushroom-forming orders and three different developmental stages of a model host species Cantharellus cibarius. Our results demonstrate that bacterial community structure differs between internal and external parts of the fruiting body but not between inner tissues. The structure of the bacterial communities showed significant variation across fruiting body developmental stages. We provide evidence that certain functional groups, such as those related to nitrogen fixation, persist in fruiting bodies during the maturation, but are replaced by putative parasites/pathogens afterwards. These data suggest that bacterial communities inhabiting fungal fruiting bodies may play important roles in their growth and development.

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RNA Interference-Based Silencing of the Chitin Synthase 1 Gene for Reproductive and Developmental Disruptions in Panonychus citri

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11110786 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 786

Author(s):

Muhammad Waqar Ali ◽

Muhammad Musa Khan ◽

Fang Song ◽

Liming Wu ◽

Ligang He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Interference ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Essential Gene ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Chitin Synthase ◽

Treatment Rate ◽

Panonychus Citri ◽

Citrus Red Mite ◽

First Time

Chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) is an essential gene regulating chitin during different developmental stages of arthropods. In the current study, we explored for the first time the role of CHS1 gene regulation in the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), by silencing its expression using (RNA interference) RNAi-based strategies. The results reveal that P. citri tested in different developmental stages, including larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs, and adults fed on sweet orange leaves dipped in various concentrations (200, 400, 600, and 800 ng/μL) of dsRNA-PcCHS1, resulted in a continuous reduction in their gene expression, and the extent of transcript knockdown was positively correlated with the concentration of dsRNA. Concentration–mortality response assays revealed a mortality of more than 50% among all the studied developmental stages, except for adulthood. Furthermore, the target gene dsRNA-PcCHS1 treatment of larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs, and females at a treatment rate of 800 ng/mL of dsRNA significantly decreased the egg-laying rates by 48.50%, 43.79%, 54%, and 39%, respectively, and the hatching rates were also considerably reduced by 64.70%, 70%, 64%, and 52.90%, respectively. Moreover, using the leaf dip method, we found that the RNA interference effectively reduced the PcCHS1 transcript levels by 42.50% and 42.06% in the eggs and adults, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that the RNAi of PcCHS1 can dramatically reduce the survival and fecundity of P. citri, but the dsRNA concentrations and developmental stages can significantly influence the RNAi effects. These findings indicate the potential utility of the PcCHS1 gene in causing developmental irregularities, which could aid in the development of effective and novel RNAi-based strategies for controlling P. citri.

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Identification and verification of seed development related miRNAs in kernel almond by small RNA sequencing and qPCR

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0260492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. e0260492

Author(s):

Marjan Jafari ◽

Behrouz Shiran ◽

Gholamreza Rabiei ◽

Roudabeh Ravash ◽

Badraldin Ebrahim Sayed Tabatabaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Development ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Target Genes ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Small Rna Sequencing ◽

Kernel Size ◽

Short Rnas ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Negative Effect

Many studies have investigated the role of miRNAs on the yield of various plants, but so far, no report is available on the identification and role of miRNAs in fruit and seed development of almonds. In this study, preliminary analysis by high-throughput sequencing of short RNAs of kernels from the crosses between almond cultivars ‘Sefid’ × ‘Mamaee’ (with small and large kernels, respectively) and ‘Sefid’ × ‘P. orientalis’ (with small kernels) showed that the expressions of several miRNAs such as Pdu-miR395a-3p, Pdu-miR8123-5p, Pdu-miR482f, Pdu-miR6285, and Pdu-miR396a were significantly different. These miRNAs targeted genes encoding different proteins such as NYFB-3, SPX1, PGSIP3 (GUX2), GH3.9, and BEN1. The result of RT-qPCR revealed that the expression of these genes showed significant differences between the crosses and developmental stages of the seeds, suggesting that these genes might be involved in controlling kernel size because the presence of these miRNAs had a negative effect on their target genes. Pollen source can influence kernel size by affecting hormonal signaling and metabolic pathways through related miRNAs, a phenomenon known as xenia.

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The influence of genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant maize CC-2 on rhizosphere bacterial communities revealed by MiSeq sequencing

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/216/2020-pse ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 387-394

Author(s):

Xiaoli Zhou ◽

Jingang Liang ◽

Ying Luan ◽

Xinyuan Song ◽

Zhengguang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Communities ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Safety Issues

Genetically modified (GM) crops have brought huge economic benefits to mankind, however, at the same time, their safety issues are drawing growing attention. This investigation was conducted to assess whether the long-term cultivation of GM glyphosate resistant maize CC-2 effects bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil. A 2-year follow-up trial was conducted, and soils were sampled at various plant developmental stages. The bacterial community structure of the rhizosphere soil was analysed by the high-throughput sequencing and compared with the near-isogenic non-GM maize Zheng 58. We showed here that long-term cultivation of CC-2 has no significant effect on the structure and diversity of bacterial communities, while different growth stages had significant effect. These results provided a reliable theoretical basis for the future cultivation and increased commercialisation of CC-2.

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Metataxonomic Review To Elucidate The Role of The Microbiome In Celiac Disease Across The Gastrointestinal Tract.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-794677/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Juliana Arcila ◽

Viviana Loria-Kohen ◽

Ana Ramírez de Molina ◽

Enrique Carrillo de Santa Pau ◽

Laura Judith Judith Zambrano

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Taxonomic Composition ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Immunogenic Peptides ◽

First Time

Abstract Background: Dysbiosis of the microbiome has been related to the Celiac disease (CeD) progress, an autoimmune disease characterised by gluten intolerance developed in genetically susceptible individuals under certain environmental factors. The microbiome contributes to CeD pathophysiology modulating the immune response by the action of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), affecting gut barrier integrity allowing the entrance of gluten derived proteins, and degrading immunogenic peptides of gluten through endoprolyl peptidase enzymes. Results: We reviewed state of the art in taxonomic composition for CeD and compiled the larger dataset of 16S prokaryotic ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene high-throughput sequencing for consensus profiling. We present for the first time an integrative analysis of metataxonomic data from CeD patients, including samples from different body sites (saliva, pharynx, duodenum, and stool). We found the presence of coordinated changes through the gastrointestinal tract characterised by an increase in Actinobacteria species in the upper tract (pharynx and duodenum), and an increase in Proteobacteria in the lower tract (duodenum and stool), as well as site-specific changes evidencing a dysbiosis in CeD patients' microbiota. Moreover, we described the effect of adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) evidenced by an increase in beneficial bacteria and a decrease in some Betaproteobacteriales but not fully restoring CeD-related dysbiosis. Conclusions: We illustrate that the gut microbiota acts as an enhancer of immune response in CeD through the production of lipopolysaccharides and other bacterial components that activate the immune response and by decrease SCFA producers bacteria. Furthermore, microbial changes observed through the gastrointestinal tract of CeD patients may help manage the disease and follow-up GFD treatment.

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EMILIN proteins are novel extracellular constituents of the dentin-pulp complex

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-72123-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Imhof ◽

Yüksel Korkmaz ◽

Manuel Koch ◽

Gerhard Sengle ◽

Alvise Schiavinato

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stages ◽

Confocal Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽

Confocal Immunofluorescence ◽

Associated Proteins ◽

Supramolecular Networks ◽

First Time ◽

Early Developmental ◽

Caries Lesions ◽

Pulp Biology

Abstract Odontoblasts and pulp stroma cells are embedded within supramolecular networks of extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibrillin microfibrils and associated proteins are crucial constituents of these networks, serving as contextual scaffolds to regulate tissue development and homeostasis by providing both structural and mechanical properties and sequestering growth factors of the TGF-β superfamily. EMILIN-1, -2, and -3 are microfibril-associated glycoproteins known to modulate cell behaviour, growth factor activity, and ECM assembly. So far their expression in the various cells of the dentin-pulp complex during development, in the adult stage, and during inflammation has not been investigated. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and western blot analysis of developing and adult mouse molars and incisors revealed an abundant presence of EMILINs in the entire dental papilla, at early developmental stages. Later in development the signal intensity for EMILIN-3 decreases, while EMILIN-1 and -2 staining appears to increase in the pre-dentin and in the ECM surrounding odontoblasts. Our data also demonstrate new specific interactions of EMILINs with fibulins in the dentin enamel junction. Interestingly, in dentin caries lesions the signal for EMILIN-3 was significantly increased in inflamed odontoblasts. Overall our findings point for the first time to a role of EMILINs in dentinogenesis, pulp biology, and inflammation.

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