scholarly journals Effects of Management, Dietary Intake, and Genotype on Rumen Morphology, Fermentation, and Microbiota, and on Meat Quality in Yaks and Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsheng Hu ◽  
Luming Ding ◽  
Cuixia Jiang ◽  
Chengfang Ma ◽  
Botao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Natural Grassland

Traditionally, yaks graze only natural grassland, even in harsh winters. Meat from grazing yaks is considered very healthy; however, feedlot fattening, which includes concentrate, has been introduced. We questioned whether this change in management and diet would have an impact on the rumen and meat quality of yaks. This study examined the morphology, fermentation, and microbiota of the rumen and the quality of meat of three groups of bovines: (1) grazing yaks (GYs, 4-year olds), without dietary supplements; (2) yaks (FYs, 2.5-year olds) feedlot-fattened for 5 months after grazing natural pasture; and (3) feedlot-fattened cattle (FC, Simmental, 2-year olds). This design allowed us to determine the role of diet (with and without concentrate) and genotype (yaks vs. cattle) on variables measured. Ruminal papillae surface area was greater in the FYs than in the GYs (P = 0.02), and ruminal microbial diversity was greater but richness was lesser in the GYs than in the FC and FYs. Concentrations of ruminal volatile fatty acids were greater in the yaks than in the cattle. In addition, both yak groups had higher protein and lower fat contents in meat than the FC. Meat of GY had a lower n6:n3 ratio than FY and FC, and was the only group with a ratio below r, which is recommended for healthy food. Essential amino acids (EAA), as a proportion of total AA and of non-essential AA of yak meat, met WHO criteria for healthy food; whereas FC did not.

Effects of low protein diet and low protein diet supplemented with synthetic essential amino acids on meat quality of broiler chickens

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Kobayashi ◽  
Kazuki Nakashima ◽  
Aiko Ishida ◽  
Akane Ashihara ◽  
Masaya Katsumata
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein

scholarly journals Characterisation of carcass composition and meat quality of male suckling buffalo calves kept on natural grassland

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1060-1065
Author(s):  
G. Holló ◽  
B. Barna ◽  
K. Nuernberg
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Natural Grassland ◽  
Intramuscular Fat Content

Abstract. The aim of this observational study (field experiment) was to evaluate carcass composition and meat quality of male suckling buffalo calves. The animals were born between June and September 2011 and were kept on natural pasture in a cow/calf herd. From the end of November 2011, the suckling calves were fed only roughage as feed supplement in a feedlot until slaughter. For a generalised characterisation, the basic statistics of 18 male calves were calculated. The animals were slaughtered at an average live weight of 196.0 kg. Growth, live weight development and most carcass traits varied substantially between individual calves. The 12th rib muscle composition measured by computer tomography indicated comparable meat contents as evaluated by manual dissection of the carcass. Meat quality parameters (pH and colour) and the nutrient composition (protein, fat, ash) of longissimus muscle samples of calves were relatively similar. The intramuscular fat content of longissimus muscle was low, but shows a high variation between 0.3–1.1 %.

Evaluation of the Role of Nutrition in Lobster Recruitment

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2320-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Castell ◽  
J. C. Kean
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Broodstock Nutrition

Many of the hypotheses and proposals presented here on the role of nutrition in lobster recruitment have been derived from research on other aquatic animals. Little research has focused on the determination of nutritional requirements of lobsters and even that has been primarily with small juveniles (36–1000 mg). Despite the tacit acknowledgement that maternal fecundity and egg viability are a function of quantity and quality of available food, little is known about the nutrition of reproductively mature lobsters. The importance of broodstock nutrition and possible methods for evaluating nutritional status are discussed. Information on protein, essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and lipids is summarized. Additionally, some proposals for field application of nutritional response criteria used in the laboratory are discussed. Though research on larvae adult broodstock nutrition, effects of environmental factors (e.g. temperature, salinity, photoperiod, etc.), as well as many other aspects of nutrition is yet to be done, there is "good opportunity" for nutrition to be a significant part of the current lobster recruitment research program.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Tea Powder on the Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Tibetan Pig × Bama Miniature Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3225
Author(s):  
Zhaoming Yan ◽  
Yinzhao Zhong ◽  
Yunju Yin ◽  
Yehui Duan ◽  
Wenlong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Miniature Pigs ◽  
Biochemical Indices

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of tea powder in diets on the growth performance, meat quality, muscular amino acid, fatty acid profile, and serum biochemical indices of pigs. A total of 120 local Chinese pigs (Tibetan × Bama miniature pigs) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups, each with six pens and four pigs per pen. During a 60-day experiment, these groups of pigs were fed the normal diet and the diet supplemented with 1%, 2%, 4%, and 6% tea powder, respectively. The results showed that the supplementation of tea powder did not affect the growth performance of pigs. However, the dietary tea powder inclusion decreased (p < 0.05) the average fat thickness, total fat, and abdominal fat, and increased (p < 0.05) the total muscle as well. In addition, the dietary 2% tea powder decreased (p < 0.05) the muscle lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*). Compared with the control group, the dietary supplementation with 1%, 2%, and 4% tea powder raised (p < 0.05) the total amino acids (TAA) and essential amino acids (EAA), and dietary 4% and 6% tea powder increased (p < 0.05) the C20:5n3 in the muscle tissue. Furthermore, the serum lipid metabolism-related biochemical indices and mRNA expression levels were improved with the addition of tea powder. These results indicated that dietary tea powder might improve the carcass traits and meat quality of the Chinese native finishing pigs, but it does not affect their growth performance. Tea powder could be fully developed and reasonably applied as a dietary supplement.

scholarly journals The possibility of improving meat quality by using peas and faba beans in feed for broiler chickens

10.5219/1451 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Liga Proskina ◽  
Sallija Cerina ◽  
Anda Valdovska ◽  
Irina Pilvere ◽  
Vilija Alekneviciene
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Poultry Diets

The price-to-quality ratio of broiler chicken meat is one of the reasons why consumers use these products in their daily diet. The quality of poultry products such as meat is closely associated with the nutritional value and quality of feed fed to broilers. In composing broiler diets, the main focus is turned on crude protein (CP). Because of the trend for the poultry industry to reduce its dependence on soybean meal as a source of protein, the role of pulses in the supply of protein and energy, which could partly replace the soybean meal in poultry diets, increases. Due to considerable progress in plant breeding, the present research study used peas (Pisum sativum) of the var. ‘Bruno’ and var. ‘Pinochio’ as well as faba beans (Vicia faba minora) of the var. ‘Lielplatone’ was developed in Latvia. Higher protein diets induce a higher meat protein content, accordingly, feed proteins are hydrolyzed in the digestive system into amino acids (AA) that, after absorption, are used to form proteins and to build different body tissues. The most important AA was twofold lower in peas and faba beans than in soybean meal. Although the amount of AA in feed is not directly proportional to the content of AA in broiler chicken meat, the amount of AA in poultry feed can significantly affect an important meat quality criterion for consumers – the nutritional value of protein. Therefore, the research aimed to identify changes in AA composition and chemical composition – a qualitative property of poultry meat – as a result of adding pulses (peas and beans) to poultry diets. The research results showed that the diets with an addition of faba beans and peas had a positive effect on the level of essential amino acids (EAA) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) in broiler meat, decreased cholesterol concentration in meat, and increased energy value of meat.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Quality Parameters of Royal Jelly, Apilarnil and Queen Bee Larvae Triturate

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Rodica MARGAOAN ◽  
Liviu Alexandru MARGHITAS ◽  
Daniel Severus DEZMIREAN ◽  
Otilia BOBIS ◽  
Victorita BONTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Soxhlet Method ◽  
Kjeldahl Method

Given their beneficial effects in terms of health, the natural products, especially beehive products, have drawn the attention of consumers since long time ago. In order to guarantee the quality of these products on the market, their chemical composition needs to be analyzed. Thus, this current research had as objective the establishment of quality parameters for beehive brood food derived products: apilarnil and queen bee larvae triturate. These two products were compared with royal jelly which is the basis of brood food in the first 3 days of larval stage. The carbohydrates were determined by HPLC-IR and allowed the identification of seven carbohydrate compounds, predominantly glucose, fructose and sucrose. The lipid profile was analyzed by the Soxhlet method. The total protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method. Free amino acids were analyzed by LC-MS. A total of 31 amino acids were identified of which nine are essential amino acids for humans. 

scholarly journals Quality of Cattle Meat and Its Compositional Constituents

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Umer Seid Geletu ◽  
Munera Ahmednur Usmael ◽  
Yesihak Yusuf Mummed ◽  
Abdulmuen Mohammed Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cattle Meat

Meat is the most valuable livestock product since it is one of the main sources of protein for human consumption. Meat quality can be evaluated according to the following parameters: pH, amount of lactic acid, volatile fatty acids, bounded water, solubility of proteins, color, and tenderness. The meat composition and physical properties of muscles have been characterized for ensuring improved eating quality. Thus, the purpose of this paper was to review the major chemical compositional and physicochemical properties of meat and, at the same time, its quality attributes and factors that affect quality of meat. A number of structural features of meat as connective tissue, muscle fibers, and tendon that attaches the muscle to the bone are visible in joint meat examined through naked eyes. Water is quantitatively the most important component of meat comprising up to 75% of weight. Meat is also composed of amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and other important ingredients. Quality factors perceived by consumers are related to sensory attributes (e.g., color, tenderness, and flavor), nutritional properties (e.g., calories, vitamins’ content, and fatty acids’ profile), and appearance (e.g., exudation, marbling, and visible amount of fat). However, fresh meat quality can be defined instrumentally including composition, nutrients, color, water-holding capacity, tenderness, functionality, flavors, spoilage, and contamination. Visual inspection based on sensory quality attributes and different chemical methods are used to analyze meat quality. Other methods such as computer vision and imaging spectroscopy, gas chromatographic analysis, near-infrared technology, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and computerized tomography scanning are also used in the meat industry. So, the aim of the present review is to review quality characteristics of cattle meat and its composition constituents.

scholarly journals Research Regarding Dynamics of Chemical Content from Pasteurized Egg Melange Stored in Polyethylene Type Packings

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
Roxana Nicoleta Ratu ◽  
Marius Giorgi Usturoi ◽  
Daniel Simeanu ◽  
Cristina Simeanu ◽  
Alexandru Usturoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Chemical Content

n the current paper, we aimed to analyze the way in which packing (different polyethylene types) influence the quality of pasteurized melange during storage, packing being realized in units of 1 kg (Tetra Pak) (batch Lexp-1) and units of 5 kg (Bag in box) (batch Lexp-2). Products were stored during a period of 28 days at a temperature of +4�C, qualitative determinations being realized in first day (day 0), at 7 days, at 14 days, 21 days and in day 28 of storage. Were effectuated a sensorial examination and chemical analysis were was established the content in dry matter (%), water (%), proteins (%), content in essential amino acids (isoleucine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine) and non-essential amino acids (alanine, histidine, glycine, serine) (mg/100g) as well as the content in lipids (%) establishing their profile by identification of some saturated fatty acids (16:0 mg/100g and 18:0 mg/100g) and unsaturated fatty acids (16:1 mg/100g and 18:1 mg/100g). After sensorial examinations, the first modifications were observed at the checking effectuated in day 21 for batch Lexp-2, the obtained score being of 18 points, and at checking effectuated in day 28 was given a score of 18 points for melange belonging to batch Lexp-1 and only 14 points for melange from batch Lexp-2. Differences were recorded also in case of chemical composition of products, so for protein content at batch Lexp-1 in first checking day was obtained a mean of 12.730�0.24% and at batch Lexp-2 12.614�0.22%. Differences between those two batches were insignificant (p[0.05). In case of fat content, at the end of storage period was obtained a mean of 11.256�0.06% for batch Lexp-1 and 11.244�0.11% for batch Lexp-2, differences being insignificant (p [ 0.05). Regarding the profile of amino acids and fatty acids, the mean values obtained during whole storage period oscillated from one stage to another, but the differences between those two batches were insignificant (p [ 0.05). Pasteurized egg melange suffers certain sensorial modifications during storage, especially on consistency and colouring, modifications which are accentuated mainly by storage conditions. Type of polyethylene utilized for this product hadn�t influenced the nutritive qualities of product.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF STORAGE TIME ON THE QUALITY OF SMOKED HETEROCLARIAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Ahmed Ayeloja ◽  
W. A. Jimoh ◽  
T. O. Uthman ◽  
M. O. Shittu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Duration Of Storage

Effect of storage time on the quality of smoked heteroclarias was studied. 108 samples of heteroclarias (average weight 210 + 15g) was used. Analysis carried out include: proximate, mineral composition (Ca, Na, Fe and Mg), biochemical, amino acid and sensory evaluation. Data obtained was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while the sensory data was subjected to nonparametric test (Kruskal Wallis test). Smoked heteroclarias have good nutritional quality in terms of proximate, mineral and amino acids all of which decrease with increase in duration of storage at ambient temperatures. Glutamic acid  was the most predominant amino acid and the highest non-essential amino acid (NEEA), lysine was the most predominant EAA. There was higher concentration of non-essential amino acids than essential amino acids, EAA/NEAA ratio (0.86 – 0.93) recorded indicates that the fish have excellent protein quality; its the predicted protein efficiency ratio (P-PER) ranged between 3.44-3.61 and its biological value ranged between 79.84 -75.04. Its chemical score and TEAA decrease with increase in storage time. Its texture quality reduced significantly (χ2 = 12.207, p<0.01) with increased storage period. It is therefore recommended that smoked heteroclarias be consumed as soon as it is smoked and regularly for good healthy conditions especially among children, aged and other vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals Thermal stability of connective tissue and meat quality of loose structured porcine semimembranosus muscles

2006 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liisa Voutila ◽  
Anne Maria Mullen ◽  
Paul Allen ◽  
Declan Troy ◽  
Eero Puolanne
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
B Value ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Semimembranosus Muscle ◽  
L Value ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Loose structure and PSE like zones on the lateral surface of porcine semimembranosus muscle have beenobserved by other researchers. However the role of connective tissue in this abnormally loose structure insemimembranosus muscle has not yet been clarified. We collected about 100g samples from 7 loosestructured and 7 normal structured Irish commercial porcine semimembranosus muscles in order tocompare the onset and peak of thermal transition temperature of intramuscular connective tissue betweenthe samples from the two groups. Meat quality parameters, ultimate pH, rough estimate for drip loss,lightness (L), redness (a) yellowness (b) and as well as electrical conductivity and reflectance were alsomeasured on the samples. Four of the samples characterized as normal by visual assessment showed DFDcharacteristic so the statistical analysis was carried out both including and excluding those samples. Inboth cases the onset (p<0.001; 56.94ºC vs. 59.82ºC) and peak (p<0.001; 62.59ºC vs. 64.06ºC) of thermaltransition temperature were significantly lower in loose structured meat than in normal structured meat.Also reflectance% was lower (p<0.01; 45.18% vs. 69.17%) and the colour lighter (higher L value; p<0.01;55.05 vs. 45.52) and more yellow (higher b value; p<0.001; 18.27 vs. 14.78) in loose structured meat thanin normal structured meat when the DFD like samples were excluded. These results indicate that loosestructure in porcine semimembranosus muscle could be attributed in part to connective tissue propertiespossibly in conjunction with PSE effects.

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