Food Habit Associated Mycobiota Composition and Their Impact on Human Health

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.773577 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jata Shankar

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Food Habits ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Food Habit ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Human Immune System ◽

Human Gut ◽

Contaminated Food ◽

Fungal Symbiosis ◽

Diet Habits

Mycobiota is not only associated with healthy homeostasis in the human gut but also helps to adapt to the environment. Food habits, alcohol consumption, intake of probiotics, and contaminated food with a mycotoxin, often lead to the alteration in the mycobiota composition. Impaired immunity of the host may affect fungal symbiosis leading to mycosis. The human gut adapts to the commensalism fungi belonging to the phylum Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Diet habits such as plant-or animal-based, phytoestrogens enriched plant products, fat-rich diets also influence the colonization of certain fungal species in the mammalian gut. Food habits or mycotoxin-contaminated food or fungal peptides have an impact on bacterial-fungal interaction and human health. The mycobiota population such as Fusarium, Humicola, Aspergillus, and Candida are altered due to alcohol intake in alcoholic liver disease. The role of associated gut mycobiota due to irregular bowel habits or lifestyle change has been observed in inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, it has been observed that Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Candida, and Malassezia were the common genus in the human mycobiota. Therefore, this study focused on how diet habits and alcohol intake, among others., influence mycobiota composition that may affect the human immune system or overall health.

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Gut Mycobiota and Fungal Metabolites in Human Homeostasis

Current Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1389450119666180724125020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 232-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Izabella Mogilnicka ◽

Marcin Ufnal

Keyword(s):

Wide Spectrum ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Fungal Metabolites ◽

Human Gut ◽

Fecal Transplantation ◽

Bacterial Microbiota ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Background:Accumulating evidence suggests that microbiota play an important role in host’s homeostasis. Thus far, researchers have mostly focused on the role of bacterial microbiota. However, human gut is a habitat for several fungal species, which produce numerous metabolites. Furthermore, various types of food and beverages are rich in a wide spectrum of fungi and their metabolites.Methods:We searched PUBMED and Google Scholar databases to identify clinical and pre-clinical studies on fungal metabolites, composition of human mycobiota and fungal dysbiosis.Results:Fungal metabolites may serve as signaling molecules and exert significant biological effects including trophic, anti-inflammatory or antibacterial actions. Finally, research suggests an association between shifts in gut fungi composition and human health. Changes in mycobiota composition have been found in obesity, hepatitis and inflammatory bowel diseases.Conclusion:The influence of mycobiota and dietary fungi on homeostasis in mammals suggests a pharmacotherapeutic potential of modulating the mycobiota which may include treatment with probiotics and fecal transplantation. Furthermore, antibacterial action of fungi-derived molecules may be considered as a substitution for currently used antibacterial agents and preservatives in food industry.

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Relationship between Nutrient Intake and Human Gut Microbiota in Monozygotic Twins

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57030275 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 275

Author(s):

Natsuko Matsumoto ◽

Jonguk Park ◽

Rie Tomizawa ◽

Hitoshi Kawashima ◽

Koji Hosomi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Human Health ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Human Gut ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Human Gut Microbiota

Background and Objectives: The gut microbiota is associated with human health and dietary nutrition. Various studies have been reported in this regard, but it is difficult to clearly analyze human gut microbiota as individual differences are significant. The causes of these individual differences in intestinal microflora are genetic and/or environmental. In this study, we focused on differences between identical twins in Japan to clarify the effects of nutrients consumed on the entire gut microbiome, while excluding genetic differences. Materials and Methods: We selected healthy Japanese monozygotic twins for the study and confirmed their zygosity by matching 15 short tandem repeat loci. Their fecal samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses to identify and compare the fluctuations in intestinal bacteria. Results: We identified 12 genera sensitive to environmental factors, and found that Lactobacillus was relatively unaffected by environmental factors. Moreover, we identified protein, fat, and some nutrient intake that can affect 12 genera, which have been identified to be more sensitive to environmental factors. Among the 12 genera, Bacteroides had a positive correlation with retinol equivalent intake (rs = 0.38), Lachnospira had a significantly negative correlation with protein, sodium, iron, vitamin D, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intake (rs = −0.38, −0.41, −0.39, −0.63, −0.42, −0.49, respectively), Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group had a positive correlation with fat intake (rs = 0.39), and Lachnospiraceae UCG-008 group had a negative correlation with the saturated fatty acid intake (rs = −0.45). Conclusions: Our study is the first to focus on the relationship between human gut microbiota and nutrient intake using samples from Japanese twins to exclude the effects of genetic factors. These findings will broaden our understanding of the more intuitive relationship between nutrient intake and the gut microbiota and can be a useful basis for finding useful biomarkers that contribute to human health.

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Bacteria Effect On Health and Human-Review

American International Journal of Biology and Life Sciences ◽

10.46545/aijbls.v1i1.32 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27

Author(s):

Saali Mohammed Lutfi

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Human Health ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Gut Bacteria ◽

Nerve Function ◽

Human Gut ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Bacteria Communities

Microbes are an important component of the microbiology eco-system in the human gut, which is colonized by 1014 bacteria , ten times more than the human cells. Gut bacteria take an important role in human health, like supplying essential nutrients, synthesizing vit. K, aiding in the digestion of cellulose, and promoting angiogenesis and enteric nerve function. However, they can also be potentially harmful due to the change of their composition when the gut ecosystem undergoes abnormal changes in the light of the use of antibiotics, illness, stress, aging, bad dietary habits, and lifestyle. Dysbiosis of the gut bacteria communities can cause many chronic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, cancer, and autism.

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KEBIASAAN MAKAN YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA PUTRI DI KABUPATEN BOGOR

Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan ◽

10.25182/jgp.2009.4.3.132-139 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 132

Author(s):

Yaktiworo Indriani ◽

Mellova Amir ◽

Iskandar Mirza

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Food Habits ◽

Research Result ◽

Food Habit ◽

School Level ◽

Plain Water ◽

Font Size ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Animal Products

This research aims was to study (1) food habits of adolescent girls; (2) the adolescent girls’ efforts in taking care of and obtaining reproductive health; and (3) the relation between food habits, school level, parent’s education level, and social economics level of family towardreproductive health of adolescent girls. This research was a cross-sectional study executed in class level of 1 and 2 of SMA Negeri I and SMP Negeri I of Dramaga District, in Bogor Regency in which 3 classes of each level so that totalize 12 classes. The number of subject was 169 adolescent girls. The data was collected by interviews and filling up questioners on May through June 2008. The research result showed that food habit between adolescent girls of SMP and SMA was not different and both have not yet meet PUGS, especially still less in number consume of rice, animal products and plain water. Strive in overcoming the sigh appearance nearing and during menstruation which is often done by adolescent girls were by keeping it quiet, body massages, and lay down. Variables of eating frequency together with habitual of eating fruits, animal products, and sour or hot food during menstruation are significantly related with reproductive health of adolescent girls.

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Does Consumption of Fermented Foods Modify the Human Gut Microbiota?

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxaa077 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 150 (7) ◽

pp. 1680-1692 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leah T Stiemsma ◽

Reine E Nakamura ◽

Jennifer G Nguyen ◽

Karin B Michels

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Human Health ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Fermented Food ◽

Fermented Foods ◽

Human Intervention ◽

Human Gut ◽

Gut Dysbiosis ◽

Human Gut Microbiota

ABSTRACT The human microbiota is a key contributor to many aspects of human health and its composition is largely influenced by diet. There is a growing body of scientific evidence to suggest that gut dysbiosis (microbial imbalance of the intestine) is associated with inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease and asthma). Regular consumption of fermented foods (e.g., kimchi, kefir, etc.) may represent a potential avenue to counter the proinflammatory effects of gut dysbiosis. However, an assessment of the available literature in this research area is lacking. Here we provide a critical review of current human intervention studies that analyzed the effect of fermented foods on the composition and/or function of the human gut microbiota. A total of 19 human intervention studies were identified that met this search criteria. In this review, we discuss evidence that consumption of fermented foods may modify the gut microbiota in humans. Further, there is cursory evidence to suggest that gut microbiota compositional changes mediate associations between fermented food consumption and human health outcomes. Although promising, there remains considerable heterogeneity in the human populations targeted in the intervention studies we identified. Larger longitudinal feeding studies with longer follow-up are necessary to confirm and enhance the current data. Further, future studies should consider analyzing microbiota function as a means to elucidate the mechanism linking fermented food consumption with human health. This review highlights methodologic considerations for intervention trials, emphasizing an expanse of research opportunities related to fermented food consumption in humans.

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Obesity changes the human gut mycobiome

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep14600 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

M. Mar Rodríguez ◽

Daniel Pérez ◽

Felipe Javier Chaves ◽

Eduardo Esteve ◽

Pablo Marin-Garcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Caproic Acid ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Human Gut ◽

Body Fatness ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Metabolically Healthy ◽

Treatment Of Obesity ◽

Novel Target

Abstract The human intestine is home to a diverse range of bacterial and fungal species, forming an ecological community that contributes to normal physiology and disease susceptibility. Here, the fungal microbiota (mycobiome) in obese and non-obese subjects was characterized using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)-based sequencing. The results demonstrate that obese patients could be discriminated by their specific fungal composition, which also distinguished metabolically “healthy” from “unhealthy” obesity. Clusters according to genus abundance co-segregated with body fatness, fasting triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. A preliminary link to metabolites such as hexadecanedioic acid, caproic acid and N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid was also found. Mucor racemosus and M. fuscus were the species more represented in non-obese subjects compared to obese counterparts. Interestingly, the decreased relative abundance of the Mucor genus in obese subjects was reversible upon weight loss. Collectively, these findings suggest that manipulation of gut mycobiome communities might be a novel target in the treatment of obesity.

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Dietary Components, Microbial Metabolites and Human Health: Reading between the Lines

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9081045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1045

Author(s):

Yao Guo ◽

Xiaohan Bian ◽

Jiali Liu ◽

Ming Zhu ◽

Lin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linoleic Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Human Health ◽

Kynurenic Acid ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Human Gut ◽

Dietary Components ◽

Host Metabolism

Trillions of bacteria reside in the human gut and they metabolize dietary substances to obtain nutrients and energy while producing metabolites. Therefore, different dietary components could affect human health in various ways through microbial metabolism. Many such metabolites have been shown to affect human physiological activities, including short-chain fatty acids metabolized from carbohydrates; indole, kynurenic acid and para-cresol, metabolized from amino acids; conjugated linoleic acid and linoleic acid, metabolized from lipids. Here, we review the features of these metabolites and summarize the possible molecular mechanisms of their metabolisms by gut microbiota. We discuss the potential roles of these metabolites in health and diseases, and the interactions between host metabolism and the gut microbiota. We also show some of the major dietary patterns around the world and hope this review can provide insights into our eating habits and improve consumers’ health conditions.

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Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts against Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400901118 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Venkatasaichaitanya Surapuram ◽

William N. Setzer ◽

Robert L. McFeeters ◽

Hana McFeeters

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Human Health ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Food Supply ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽

Antifungal Properties ◽

Recent Advances

Despite recent advances in antifungal development, fungi remain a devastating threat to human health and compromise viability of the food supply. Plant based antimicrobials represent a vast untapped source with tremendous potential. Herein we present the antifungal properties of more than 50 plant extracts against two important human and agricultural pathogens, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer. Multiple extracts exhibit promising MIC values of less than 100 μg/mL and are reported for both fungal species.

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Experience and Selection Behavior in the Food Habits of Peromyscus: Use of Olfaction

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/156853972x00059 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 41 (3-4) ◽

pp. 269-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Lee C. Drickamer

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Food Habits ◽

Prior Experience ◽

Food Preferences ◽

Food Habit ◽

Automatic Monitoring ◽

Choice Situation ◽

Adult Mice ◽

Monitoring Devices ◽

Specific Food

AbstractFeeding behavior in young and adult Peromyscus maniculalus and P. lcucopus was studied by examining the extent to which food habit could be modified by prior experience and by decribing the pattern of feeding behavior used by the mice in a three-choice situation. Modifiability of food preferences was investigated by providing mice with specific food-cue experience and testing their subsequent preferences. The food preferences of young and adult P. leucopus and young P. m. baiudi were significantly affected by the food-cue conditioning and the effect persisted for at least 30 days. Adult P. m. bairdi food preferences were not affected by the prior experience. Automatic monitoring devices were used to describe the patterning of feeding behavior with three choices present. Analyses showed that; (1) young mice were less flexible initially than adult mice; (2) adult P. leucopus switched feeding sites more frequently than any other group; and (3) young P. m. bairdi avoided a novel food-cue stimulus whereas the other test groups ate readily from this source. The principal conclusion was that P. leucopus exhibited more flexibility in feeding behavior than P. m. bairdi. Food habits and flexibility of feeding behavior were discussed in relation to the habitat distributions of these two species of mice.

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Superresolution Imaging Captures Carbohydrate Utilization Dynamics in Human Gut Symbionts

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.02172-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Krishanthi S. Karunatilaka ◽

Elizabeth A. Cameron ◽

Eric C. Martens ◽

Nicole M. Koropatkin ◽

Julie S. Biteen

Keyword(s):

Outer Membrane ◽

Human Health ◽

Outer Membrane Proteins ◽

Live Cells ◽

Human Gut ◽

Uptake Mechanism ◽

Complex Assembly ◽

Content Type ◽

Superresolution Imaging ◽

And Function

ABSTRACTGut microbes play a key role in human health and nutrition by catabolizing a wide variety of glycans via enzymatic activities that are not encoded in the human genome. The ability to recognize and process carbohydrates strongly influences the structure of the gut microbial community. While the effects of diet on the microbiota are well documented, little is known about the molecular processes driving metabolism. To provide mechanistic insight into carbohydrate catabolism in gut symbionts, we studied starch processing in real time in the modelBacteroides thetaiotaomicronstarch utilization system (Sus) by single-molecule fluorescence. Although previous studies have explored Sus protein structure and function, the transient interactions, assembly, and collaboration of these outer membrane proteins have not yet been elucidated in live cells. Our live-cell superresolution imaging reveals that the polymeric starch substrate dynamically recruits Sus proteins, serving as an external scaffold for bacterial membrane assembly of the Sus complex, which may promote efficient capturing and degradation of starch. Furthermore, by simultaneously localizing multiple Sus outer membrane proteins on theB. thetaiotaomicroncell surface, we have characterized the dynamics and stoichiometry of starch-induced Sus complex assembly on the molecular scale. Finally, based on Sus protein knockout strains, we have discerned the mechanism of starch-induced Sus complex assembly in live anaerobic cells with nanometer-scale resolution. Our insights into the starch-induced outer membrane protein assembly central to this conserved nutrient uptake mechanism pave the way for the development of dietary or pharmaceutical therapies to controlBacteroidetesin the intestinal tract to enhance human health and treat disease.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we used nanometer-scale superresolution imaging to reveal dynamic interactions between the proteins involved in starch processing by the prominent human gut symbiontBacteroides thetaiotaomicronin real time in live cells. These results represent the first working model of starch utilization system (Sus) complex assembly and function during glycan catabolism and are likely to describe aspects of how other Sus-like systems function in human gutBacteroidetes. Our results provide unique mechanistic insights into a glycan catabolism strategy that is prevalent within the human gut microbial community. Proper understanding of this conserved nutrient uptake mechanism is essential for the development of dietary or pharmaceutical therapies to control intestinal tract microbial populations, to enhance human health, and to treat disease.

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