scholarly journals Dysbiosis of Oral Microbiota During Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purandar Sarkar ◽  
Samaresh Malik ◽  
Sayantan Laha ◽  
Shantanab Das ◽  
Soumya Bunk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Composition

Infection with specific pathogens and alterations in tissue commensal microbial composition are intricately associated with the development of many human cancers. Likewise, dysbiosis of oral microbiome was also shown to play critical role in the initiation as well as progression of oral cancer. However, there are no reports portraying changes in oral microbial community in the patients of Indian subcontinent, which has the highest incidence of oral cancer per year, globally. To establish the association of bacterial dysbiosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among the Indian population, malignant lesions and anatomically matched adjacent normal tissues were obtained from fifty well-differentiated OSCC patients and analyzed using 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon based sequencing on the MiSeq platform. Interestingly, in contrast to the previous studies, a significantly lower bacterial diversity was observed in the malignant samples as compared to the normal counterpart. Overall our study identified Prevotella, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Deinococcus and Noviherbaspirillum as significantly enriched genera, whereas genera including Actinomyces, Sutterella, Stenotrophomonas, Anoxybacillus, and Serratia were notably decreased in the OSCC lesions. Moreover, we demonstrated HPV-16 but not HPV-18 was significantly associated with the OSCC development. In future, with additional validation, this panel could directly be applied into clinical diagnostic and prognostic workflows for OSCC in Indian scenario.

scholarly journals Oral Microbial Species and Virulence Factors Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manolito G. Torralba ◽  
Gajender Aleti ◽  
Weizhong Li ◽  
Kelvin Jens Moncera ◽  
Yi-Han Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Factors Associated

AbstractThe human microbiome has been the focus of numerous research efforts to elucidate the pathogenesis of human diseases including cancer. Oral cancer mortality is high when compared with other cancers, as diagnosis often occurs during late stages. Its prevalence has increased in the USA over the past decade and accounts for over 40,000 new cancer patients each year. Additionally, oral cancer pathogenesis is not fully understood and is likely multifactorial. To unravel the relationships that are associated with the oral microbiome and their virulence factors, we used 16S rDNA and metagenomic sequencing to characterize the microbial composition and functional content in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumor tissue, non-tumor tissue, and saliva from 18 OSCC patients. Results indicate a higher number of bacteria belonging to the Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes phyla associated with tumor tissue when compared with all other sample types. Additionally, saliva metaproteomics revealed a significant increase of Prevotella in five OSCC subjects, while Corynebacterium was mostly associated with ten healthy subjects. Lastly, we determined that there are adhesion and virulence factors associated with Streptococcus gordonii as well as from known oral pathogens belonging to the Fusobacterium genera found mostly in OSCC tissues. From these results, we propose that not only will the methods utilized in this study drastically improve OSCC diagnostics, but the organisms and specific virulence factors from the phyla detected in tumor tissue may be excellent biomarkers for characterizing disease progression.

scholarly journals Oral microbiota and oral cancer: Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Z. Kakabadze ◽  
Teona Paresishvili ◽  
Lia Karalashvili ◽  
David Chakhunashvili ◽  
Zurab Kakabadze
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Early Detection Of Disease ◽  
Cancer Review ◽  
Destructive Processes

In this review, we draw attention and discuss the risk factors and causes of the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) focusing on oral microbiota. Recently, a breakthrough in the study of cancer has been the discovery of the relationship between the presence of certain types of bacteria and the development of cancer in the human body. Studies have shown that, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) bacteria that is responsible for the destructive processes in the oral cavity, could play an important role in the development of OSCC. In our continuing search for bacteria that causes oral squamous cell carcinoma, we came across the Pseudomona aeruginosa, which due to its metabolite properties, may play important role in carcinogenesis of oral cancer. One possible mechanism is the ability of Pseudomonas to synthesize nitric oxide (NO) that modulates different cancer-related appearances such as apoptosis, cell cycle, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. We think that P. aeruginosa increases the concentration of NO by converting salivary nitrite to nitric oxide, and this is how it contributes to NO-related carcinogenesis. Early diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis are very important not only for patients’ oral health, but also for the prevention of OSCC development. Screening test for OSCC based on determination of salivary NO levels could be appealing and may prove to be useful assay for diagnosis and early detection of disease progression in oral cancer.

scholarly journals Association of Microbiome with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of the Metagenomic Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7224
Author(s):  
Lee Su Mun ◽  
See Wye Lum ◽  
Genevieve Kong Yuiin Sze ◽  
Cheong Hock Yoong ◽  
Kwek Ching Yung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Published Data

The past decade has witnessed a surge in epidemiological studies that have explored the relationship between the oral microbiome and oral cancer. Owing to the diversity of the published data, a comprehensive systematic overview of the currently available evidence is critical. This review summarises the current evidence on the metagenomic studies on the oral microbiome in oral cancer. A systematic search was conducted in Medline and Embase databases to identify original studies examining the differences in the oral microbiome of oral cancer cases and controls. A total of twenty-six studies were identified that reported differences in microbial abundance between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and controls. Although almost all the studies identified microbial dysbiosis to be associated with oral cancer, the detailed qualitative analysis did not reveal the presence/abundance of any individual bacteria or a consortium to be consistently enriched in OSCC samples across the studies. Interestingly, few studies reported a surge of periodontopathogenic taxa, especially Fusobacteria, whereas others demonstrated a depletion of commensal taxa Streptococci. Considerable heterogeneity could be identified in the parameters used for designing the studies as well as reporting the microbial data. If microbiome data needs to be translated in the future, to complement the clinical parameters for diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer, further studies with the integration of clinical variables, adequate statistical power, reproducible methods, and models are required.

scholarly journals Association of Microbiota with Oral Potential Malignant Disorder: A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 704-708
Author(s):  
Prasada Rao Namburi ◽  
Krishnan Mahalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Most of the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are often preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). OPMDs are defined as oral mucosal lesions and conditions which are at increased risk for undergoing alteration to oral cancer. OPMDs grow in a complex tissue microenvironment to acquire oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) characteristics. Oral microbiota associated with OPMD may appear as potential biomarkers as these species may help in the diagnosis and prognosis of OPMD to OSCC. This association of microbiota to OPMD and may be helpful in the early treatment before the initiation of oral cancer. This article reviews the literature on association between microbiota and Oral potential malignant disorders.

scholarly journals Microbiome in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Nurani Hayati ◽  
Caesary Cloudya Panjaitan ◽  
Ferry Sandra
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Precursor Lesion ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Carcinogenic Substances

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is part of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma which is the ultimate cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer. The alteration of microbial community in the saliva might act as a helpful marker for the prediction, detection and prognosis oral cancer, particularly the transition of cancer precursor lesion. There are three mechanisms of action of oral microbiota in cancer pathogenesis, chronic inflammation of bacterial stimulation, carcinogenesis by cytoskeletal rearrangements, and carcinogenic substances that produced by microorganisms. Changes in the composition of microbiota could therefore have the potential to be used as a significant oral biomarker to predict the pathological transition from oral epithelial precursor lesion to cancer.Keywords: microbiome, oral cancer cellular proliferation, microorganism, oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma

scholarly journals Oral Microbiota Analysis of Tissue Pairs and Saliva Samples From Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Yang ◽  
Yuezhu Wang ◽  
Shizhou Zhang ◽  
Dongsheng Zhang ◽  
Lihua Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Oral Cancers

Oral microbiota dysbiosis is associated with the occurrence and progression of oral cancer. To investigate the association between the microbiota and risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we identified the microbial composition of paired tumor (TT)/normal paracancerous tissues (NPT) and saliva (TS) samples in OSCC patients through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 22 phyla, 321 genera, and 869 species were identified in the oral samples. Paired comparisons revealed significant differences between TT, NPT, and TS groups, with the genus Filifactor significantly enriched in TT. The phylum Actinobacteria; genus Veillonella; and species Granulicatella adiacens, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Veillonella rogosae were significantly enriched in NPT, while the phylum Bacteroidetes; genera Capnocytophaga, Haemophilus, and Prevotella; and seven species, including Capnocytophaga sp., Haemophilus sp., and Neisseria sp., were significantly enriched in TS. In TTs, the abundance of Prevotella intermedia was profoundly higher in the gingiva, while Capnocytophaga gingivalis and Rothia mucilaginosa were enriched in the lining mucosa and tongue. Increasing in abundance from the early tumor stage to the late stage, Solobacterium moorei in TT and Campylobacter sp. strain HMT 044 in TS were positively correlated with OSCC development, suggesting that bacteria were selected by different microenvironments. The correlation between 11 microbial species and 17 pathway abundances was revealed, indicating the potential function of low-abundance bacteria. Overall, our analysis revealed that multiple oral bacterial taxa are associated with a subsequent risk of OSCC and may be used as biomarkers for risk prediction and intervention in oral cancers.

scholarly journals Oral microbiome associated with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Gyu Eun ◽  
Jung-Woo Lee ◽  
Seung Woo Kim ◽  
Dong-Wook Hyun ◽  
Jin-Woo Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Signal Peptidase ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractOral microbiota can alter cancer susceptibility and progression by modulating metabolism and inflammation. We assessed the association between the oral microbiome and lymph node (LN) metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We collected a total of 54 saliva samples from patients with OSCC before surgery. LN metastasis was assessed based on postoperative pathological examination. We used QIIME2, linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), and PICRUSt2 methods to analyze microbial dysbiosis. A random forest classifier was used to assess whether the oral microbiome could predict LN metastasis. Among the 54 OSCC samples, 20 had LN metastasis, and 34 had no evidence of metastasis. There was a significant difference in β-diversity between the metastasis and no metastasis groups. Through LEfSe analysis, the metastasis group was enriched in the genera Prevotella, Stomatobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Peptostreptococcaceae, Shuttleworthia and Finegoldia. Pathways related to signal peptidase II were predominant in the no metastasis group. The RF model showed a modestly high accuracy for predicting metastasis. Differences in microbial community composition and functions were observed in the oral microbiome of patients with OSCC with and without LN metastasis. However, the finding that specific taxa may be associated with LN metastasis should be verified in a further prospective study.

Zinc α-2 Glycoprotein (ZAG) a Novel Biomarker for the Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehwish Feroz Ali
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Constant Stimulus ◽  
Dysplastic Lesion ◽  
Cancerous Lesion

Oral cancer, the most challenging and life threatening disease in the field of dentistry, may start as a reactive lesion due to constant stimulus from tobacco consumption, transform into a pre-malignant lesion (dysplastic lesion) and ultimately develop into a cancerous lesion (Invasive carcinoma). There is a fundamental revolution taking place in the analyzing methods; extraction of biological protein from the saliva rather than from tissues or blood. Several of the biomarkers have been studied with pro-carcinogenic effects like Interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and leptin, but only a few have been stated in the literature, which show anti-cancer characteristics like adiponectin and zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein. This review explored the diagnostic and prognostic values of a biomarkers zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein (ZAG) in adults suspected of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar were searched for scientific studies reported on the potential mechanism of zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein. All the research articles were selected in which ZAG is applied solely or in conjunction with other biomarkers in oral cancer and other cancers. These literatures were carefully assessed to find out and compile the diagnostic and prognostic values and to inquire therapeutic action of ZAG in the process of carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Downregulation of ceramide synthase 1 promotes oral cancer through endoplasmic reticulum stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Chen ◽  
Chenzhou Wu ◽  
Yafei Chen ◽  
Yuhao Guo ◽  
Ling Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Ceramide Synthase

AbstractC18 ceramide plays an important role in the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, the function of ceramide synthase 1, a key enzyme in C18 ceramide synthesis, in oral squamous cell carcinoma is still unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between ceramide synthase 1 and oral cancer. In this study, we found that the expression of ceramide synthase 1 was downregulated in oral cancer tissues and cell lines. In a mouse oral squamous cell carcinoma model induced by 4-nitroquinolin-1-oxide, ceramide synthase 1 knockout was associated with the severity of oral malignant transformation. Immunohistochemical studies showed significant upregulation of PCNA, MMP2, MMP9, and BCL2 expression and downregulation of BAX expression in the pathological hyperplastic area. In addition, ceramide synthase 1 knockdown promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Overexpression of CERS1 obtained the opposite effect. Ceramide synthase 1 knockdown caused endoplasmic reticulum stress and induced the VEGFA upregulation. Activating transcription factor 4 is responsible for ceramide synthase 1 knockdown caused VEGFA transcriptional upregulation. In addition, mild endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by ceramide synthase 1 knockdown could induce cisplatin resistance. Taken together, our study suggests that ceramide synthase 1 is downregulated in oral cancer and promotes the aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma and chemotherapeutic drug resistance.

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