scholarly journals Epidemiology of Kawasaki Disease in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Piram
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Environmental Trigger

Aim of the review: To review major epidemiological aspects of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Europe, describing demographic characteristics, revising its incidence along with time trends and geographic variations, and describing migration studies to provide clues about its etiology.Recent findings: The annual incidence of KD in Europe is about 10–15 per 100,000 children under 5 years old and seems to be relatively stable over time and space. Demographic characteristics are in line with those in other countries of the world, with a higher incidence in children from Asia and possibly North African origin. All studies performed across Europe found a coherent seasonal distribution of KD onset peaking from winter to early spring. This seasonal distribution was consistent over the years and suggests a climate-related environmental trigger. The occurrence of peaks during pandemics, microbiological findings and a possible link with southerly winds support the hypothesis of an airborne infectious agent. Neither other airborne agents such as pollutants or pollens nor urbanization and industrialization seem to have major effect on the etiology.Conclusion: Discrepancies in KD incidence rates across studies were due more to methodological differences, variation in definitions and awareness of the disease than a real increase in incidence. Genetic predisposition is undeniable in KD, but environmental factors seem to play a pivotal role. Several lines of evidence support a non-exclusive airborne infectious agent with a protective immune response by the host as a key factor in inducing the inflammatory cascade responsible for symptoms and complications.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of suicide and suicide attempt in northwest of Iran: incidence, predictors, and socioeconomic status and the role of sociocultural status

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Fakhari ◽  
Mostafa Farahbakhsh ◽  
Elham Davtalab Esmaeili ◽  
Hosein Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Variable ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background A detailed community-level understanding of socioeconomic status (SES) and sociocultural status (SCS) of suicides and suicide attempters (SAs) in a prospective design could have significant implications for policymakers at the local prevention and treatment levels. The effect of SCS and SES on SAs is poorly understood and investigated in Iran. The present study aimed to investigate the incidence, trend, and role of SES and SCS on suicide and SAs. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted based on the registry for SAs in Malekan County, Iran, from 2015 to 2018. Demographic characteristics, SES, SCS, incidence rates, and predictors of suicidal behaviors were measured via structured instruments. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 853 SAs (32 suicides and 821 attempts) were identified during the study. Trend analysis revealed that the suicide rate significantly decreased from 2014 (10.28) to 2018 (1.75) per 100,000. In the final multiple variable models, age (26–40), male sex, unemployment, antisocial activities, history of SA, hanging method, and season (spring) increased the suicide risk while religious commitment had protective effects on suicide. Conclusions Our findings indicated that demographic characteristics, low SES, and SCS are associated with suicide. In this county, trend of suicide and SA were decreased from 2014 to 2018. This study findings highlight the need to consider a wide range of contextual variables, socio-demographic, SES, and SCS in suicide prevention strategies. Improving inter-sectoral collaborations and policymakers’ attitudes are imperative for SA reduction.

scholarly journals Salt iodization decreased the risk of thyrotoxicosis in Denmark by the halve

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Michael B. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Initial Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Status ◽  
Toxic Goiter

The status of iodine nutrition is a key factor in determining the prevalence of thyroid disorders in adults. The study under discussion provides data on the change in the incidence of nosological subtypes of overt thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism in adults during an increase in iodine intake after the introduction of mandatory salt iodization in Denmark. The authors carefully studied the case histories of all new patients with thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism registered in 2014–2016 in an open cohort of the population of Northern Jutland (n = 309,434), in which a moderate iodine deficiency has historically been observed and compared with incidence rates in 1997–1998 years before introduction of mandatory salt iodization began 2001. Over this period of time, iodine intake almost doubled. At the same time, the incidence rate of confirmed overt thyrotoxicosis significantly decreased: from the initial rate of 97.5 cases per 100,000 people per year in 1997–2000 to 48.8 cases per 100,000 people per year in 2014–2016. This result was due to a significant decrease in the incidence of multinodular toxic goiter, toxic adenoma and Graves’ disease in all age groups in both women and men. Moreover, the overall incidence of primary overt hypothyroidism has not changed.

scholarly journals On the interpretation of the atmospheric mechanism transporting the environmental trigger of Kawasaki Disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e0226402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Ballester ◽  
Sílvia Borràs ◽  
Roger Curcoll ◽  
Albert Navarro-Gallinad ◽  
Sofya Pozdniakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Environmental Trigger

scholarly journals Geospatial and seasonal variation of bronchiolitis in England: a cohort study using hospital episode statistics

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Marie Lewis ◽  
Bianca De Stavola ◽  
Pia Hardelid
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
North West ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
The North ◽  
Public Health Messages ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
English National Health

BackgroundRates of hospital admissions for bronchiolitis vary seasonally and geographically across England; however, seasonal differences by area remain unexplored. We sought to describe spatial variation in the seasonality of hospital admissions for bronchiolitis and its association with local demographic characteristics.MethodsSingleton children born in English National Health Service hospitals between 2011 and 2016 (n=3 727 013) were followed up for 1 year. Poisson regression models with harmonic functions to model seasonal variations were used to calculate weekly incidence rates and peak timing of bronchiolitis admissions across English regions and clinical commissioning groups (CCGs). Linear regression was used to estimate the joint association of population density and deprivation with incidence and peak timing of bronchiolitis admissions at the CCG level.ResultsBronchiolitis admission rates ranged from 30.9 per 1000 infant-years (95% CI 30.4 to 31.3) in London to 68.7 per 1000 (95% CI 67.9 to 69.5) in the North West. Across CCGs, there was a 5.3-fold variation in incidence rates and the epidemic peak ranged from week 49.3 to 52.2. Admission rates were positively associated with area-level deprivation. CCGs with earlier peak epidemics had higher population densities, and both high and low levels of deprivation were associated with earlier peak timing.ConclusionsApproximately one quarter of the variation in admission rates and two-fifths of the variation in peak timing of hospital admissions for bronchiolitis were explained by local demographic characteristics. Implementation of an early warning system could help to prepare hospitals for peak activity and to time public health messages.

scholarly journals Kawasaki Disease: A Clinician’s Update

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Jamieson ◽  
Davinder Singh-Grewal
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Systemic Vasculitis ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Fever Onset ◽  
Environmental Trigger ◽  
Acquired Heart Disease ◽  
Developed World

Aims. Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis and is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in the developed world. This review aims to synthesise recent insights into the disease and provide an update for clinicians on diagnostic and treatment practices.Methods. We conducted a review of the literature exploring epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis, and management of Kawasaki disease. We searched MEDLINE, Medline In-Process, Embase, Google Scholar, and reference lists of relevant articles.Conclusions. Kawasaki disease is a febrile vasculitis which progresses to coronary artery abnormalities in 25% of untreated patients. The disease is believed to result from a genetically susceptible individual’s exposure to an environmental trigger. Incidence is rising worldwide, and varies widely across countries and within different ethnic groups. Diagnosis is based on the presence of fever in addition to four out of five other clinical criteria, but it is complicated by the quarter of the Kawasaki disease patients with “incomplete” presentation. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin within ten days of fever onset improves clinical outcomes and reduces the incidence of coronary artery dilation to less than 5%. Given its severe morbidity and potential mortality, Kawasaki disease should be considered as a potential diagnosis in cases of prolonged paediatric fever.

scholarly journals Geographic Variation of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence: Correlation with the Incidence of Renal Cell Carcinoma or Urothelial Carcinoma?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yit-Sheung Yap ◽  
Kai-Wen Chuang ◽  
Chun-Ju Chiang ◽  
Hung-Yi Chuang ◽  
Sheng-Nan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Geographic Variations

Background. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether geographic variations in the prevalence of late-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) exist and are associated with incidence rates of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), or lower tract urothelial carcinoma (LTUC).Methods. Prevalence rates of late-stage CKD for 366 townships (n>30) in Taiwan were calculated for 1,518,241 and 1,645,151 subjects aged 40 years or older in years 2010 and 2009, respectively. Late-stage CKD prevalence in year 2010 was used as a training set and its age-adjusted standardized morbidity rates (ASMR) were divided into three groups as defined <1.76%, 1.76% ≤ ASMR < 2.64%, and ≥2.64%, respectively. Year 2009, defined as the validation set, was used to validate the results.Results. The ASMR of late-stage CKD in years 2010 and 2009 were 1.76%, and 2.09%, respectively. Geographic variations were observed, with notably higher rates of disease in areas of the central, southwestern mountainside, and southeastern seaboard. There were no significant differences among different combined risk groups of RCC, UTUC, and LTUC incidence.Conclusion. The substantial geographic variations in the prevalence of late-stage CKD exist, but are not correlated with RCC, UTUC, or LTUC incidence.

Suicidal Attempts in an Outer Region of Metropolitan Melbourne and in a Provincial Region of Victoria

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kessell ◽  
A. Nicholson ◽  
G. Graves ◽  
J. Krupinski
Keyword(s):  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Suicidal Attempts ◽  
The Difference

A two year study of attempted suicide was undertaken in two Victorian regions. Incidence rates of 16.7 and 22.1 per 10,000 population were found in the metropolitan and provincial regions respectively. A number of factors were considered and found relevant to the difference in incidence. In addition, other parameters including multiple attempts, seasonal distribution, method used, association with alcohol and referral to psychiatric care were considered. Our findings are compared with those of earlier studies reported in Australia.

scholarly journals The Changing Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What Goes Up May Come Down

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Khalili
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Western World ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Newly Industrialized Countries ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Recent epidemiologic studies have shown that although the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rapidly increasing in newly industrialized countries, at the turn of the 21st century the incidence had stabilized in the Western world. In this issue of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Torabi and colleagues present their findings on the temporal trends and geographic variations in IBD incidence in Manitoba from 1990 to 2012 using the Manitoba Health population registry and the University of Manitoba IBD epidemiology database. Their results demonstrate an overall decrease in the incidence of IBD during the study period. They also found significant regional variations in disease incidence within Manitoba, with rates of new diagnosis of IBD remaining high in several regions. Lastly, the study found that a higher proportion of the indigenous population had a lower rate of IBD. These findings provide new insights on the changing epidemiology of IBD in the Western world. The overall declining incidence of IBD and identification of persistently low and high-risk populations in Manitoba, which traditionally has had some of the highest incidence rates of IBD, is intriguing and can provide new avenues of research for epidemiologists in the field.

Lack of Evidence of Retroviral Involvement in Kawasaki Disease

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-599
Author(s):  
TAKASHI OKAMOTO ◽  
HIROYO KUWABARA ◽  
KUNITADA SHIMOTOHNO ◽  
TAKASHI SUGIMURA ◽  
YOSHIO YANASE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Original Report ◽  
Peripheral Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Entire Nation ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Epidemic Wave

To the Editor.— Microbes have long been suspected to be a causative agent of Kawasaki disease since the original report by Kawasaki.1 Yanagawa et al2 described an epidemic wave of Kawasaki disease spread from central Japan to the entire nation in 6 months. This strongly suggests that an infectious agent might be involved. Furthermore, recent studies by Shulman and Rowley3 and Burnes et al4 have independently demonstrated retrovirus-specific reverse transcriptase activities in the culture supernatants of peripheral mononuclear cells from US patients with Kawasaki disease.

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