scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Whole-Organ Characterization of the Regional Alveolar Morphology in Normal Murine Lungs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio A. Sarabia-Vallejos ◽  
Pedro Ayala-Jeria ◽  
Daniel E. Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Surface Density ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Alveolar Surface

Alveolar architecture plays a fundamental role in the processes of ventilation and perfusion in the lung. Alterations in the alveolar surface area and alveolar cavity volume constitute the pathophysiological basis of chronic respiratory diseases such as pulmonary emphysema. Previous studies based on micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) of lung samples have allowed the geometrical study of acinar units. However, our current knowledge is based on the study of a few tissue samples in random locations of the lung that do not give an account of the spatial distributions of the alveolar architecture in the whole lung. In this work, we combine micro-CT imaging and computational geometry algorithms to study the regional distribution of key morphological parameters throughout the whole lung. To this end, 3D whole-lung images of Sprague–Dawley rats are acquired using high-resolution micro-CT imaging and analyzed to estimate porosity, alveolar surface density, and surface-to-volume ratio. We assess the effect of current gold-standard dehydration methods in the preparation of lung samples and propose a fixation protocol that includes the application of a methanol-PBS solution before dehydration. Our results show that regional porosity, alveolar surface density, and surface-to-volume ratio have a uniform distribution in normal lungs, which do not seem to be affected by gravitational effects. We further show that sample fixation based on ethanol baths for dehydration introduces shrinking and affects the acinar architecture in the subpleural regions. In contrast, preparations based on the proposed dehydration protocol effectively preserve the alveolar morphology.

scholarly journals Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of Subchondral Bone Regeneration Using Osteochondral Scaffolds in an Ovine Condyle Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Taylor Flaherty ◽  
Maryam Tamaddon ◽  
Chaozong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Osteochondral Scaffold

Osteochondral scaffold technology has emerged as a promising therapy for repairing osteochondral defects. Recent research suggests that seeding osteochondral scaffolds with bone marrow concentrate (BMC) may enhance tissue regeneration. To examine this hypothesis, this study examined subchondral bone regeneration in scaffolds with and without BMC. Ovine stifle condyle models were used for the in vivo study. Two scaffold systems (8 mm diameter and 10 mm thick) with and without BMC were implanted into the femoral condyle, and the tissues were retrieved after six months. The retrieved femoral condyles (with scaffold in) were examined using micro-computed tomography scans (micro-CT), and the micro-CT data were further analysed by ImageJ with respect to trabecular thickness, bone volume to total volume ratio (BV/TV) ratio, and degree of anisotropy of bone. Statistical analysis compared bone regeneration between scaffold groups and sub-set regions. These results were mostly insignificant (p < 0.05), with the exception of bone volume to total volume ratio when comparing scaffold composition and sub-set region. Additional trends in the data were observed. These results suggest that the scaffold composition and addition of BMC did not significantly affect bone regeneration in osteochondral defects after six months. However, this research provides data which may guide the development of future treatments.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the effects of hypoxia simulator on osteointegration of titanium prosthesis in osteoporotic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangfeng Liu ◽  
Huijun Kang ◽  
Jiangfeng Lu ◽  
Yike Dai ◽  
Fei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteoporotic Bone ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Pull Out

Abstract Background Poor osseointegration is the key reason for implant failure after arthroplasty,whether under osteoporotic or normal bone conditions. To date, osseointegration remains a major challenge. Recent studies have shown that deferoxamine (DFO) can accelerate osteogenesis by activating the hypoxia signaling pathway. The purpose of this study was to test the following hypothesis: after knee replacement, intra-articular injection of DFO will promote osteogenesis and osseointegration with a 3D printed titanium prosthesis in the bones of osteoporotic rats. Materials and methods Ninety female Sprague–Dawley rats were used for the experiment. Ten rats were used to confirm the successful establishment of the osteoporosis model: five rats in the sham operation group and five rats in the ovariectomy group. After ovariectomy and knee arthroplasty were performed, the remaining 80 rats were randomly divided into DFO and control groups (n = 40 per group). The two groups were treated by intraarticular injection of DFO and saline respectively. After 2 weeks, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the levels of HIF-1a, VEGF, and CD31. HIF-1a and VEGF have been shown to promote angiogenesis and bone regeneration, and CD31 is an important marker of angiogenesis. After 12 weeks, the specimens were examined by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), biomechanics, and histopathology to evaluate osteogenesis and osseointegration. Results The results of PCR showed that the mRNA levels of VEGF and CD31 in the DFO group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The immunohistochemistry results indicated that positive cell expression of HIF-1a, VEGF, and CD31 in the DFO group was also higher. Compared with the control group, the micro-CT parameters of BMD, BV/TV, TB. N, and TB. Th were significantly higher. The maximal pull-out force and the bone-to-implant contact value were also higher. Conclusions The local administration of DFO, which is used to activate the HIF-1a signaling pathway, can promote osteogenesis and osseointegration with a prosthesis in osteoporotic bone.

scholarly journals Radiomorphometric Quantitative Analysis of Vasculature Utilizing Micro–Computed Tomography and Vessel Perfusion in the Murine Mandible

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Lin Jing ◽  
Aaron S. Farberg ◽  
Laura A. Monson ◽  
Alexis Donneys ◽  
Catherine N. Tchanque-Fossuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Vascular Networks ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Craniofacial Skeleton ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis

Purpose Biomechanical, densitometric, and histological analyses have been the mainstay for reproducible outcome measures for investigation of new bone formation and osseous healing. Here we report the addition of radiomorphometric vascular analysis as a quantitative measure of vascularity in the murine mandible. To our knowledge this is the first description of using micro–computed tomography (micro-CT) to evaluate the temporal and spatial pattern of angiogenesis in the craniofacial skeleton. Methods The vessel perfusion technique was performed on 10 Sprague-Dawley rats using Microfil (MV-122, Flow Tech; Carver, MA). After decalcification, hemimandibles were imaged using high-resolution micro-CT. Six separate radiomorphometric vascular metrics were calculated. Results Radiomorphometric values were analyzed using three different thresholds on micro-CT. Experimentally, 1000 Hounsfield units was found to be the optimal threshold for analysis to capture the maximal vascular content of the bone. Data from seven hemimandibles were analyzed. Minimal statistical variance in each of the quantitative measures of vascularity resulted in reproducible metrics for each of the radiomorphometric parameters. Conclusions We have demonstrated that micro-CT vascular imaging provides a robust methodology for evaluation of vascular networks in the craniofacial skeleton. This technique provides 3D quantitative data analysis that differs significantly from laser Doppler and microsphere methods, which simply measure flow. This technique is advantageous over labor-intensive 2D conventional analyses using histology and X-ray microangiography. Our data establish the appropriate thresholding for optimal vascular analyses and provide baseline measurements that can be used to analyze the role of angiogenesis in bone regeneration and repair in the craniofacial skeleton.

scholarly journals Deferoxamine Reduces Inflammation and Osteoclastogenesis in Avulsed Teeth

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8225
Author(s):  
Ko Eun Lee ◽  
Mijeong Jeon ◽  
Seunghan Mo ◽  
Hyo-Seol Lee ◽  
Je Seon Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Model Cell

Replacement and inflammatory resorption are serious complications associated with the delayed replantation of avulsed teeth. In this study, we aimed to assess whether deferoxamine (DFO) can suppress inflammation and osteoclastogenesis in vitro and attenuate inflammation and bone resorption in a replanted rat tooth model. Cell viability and inflammation were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. Osteoclastogenesis was confirmed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction in teeth exposed to different concentrations of DFO. In vivo, molars of 31 six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were extracted and stored in saline (n = 10) or DFO solution (n = 21) before replantation. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging and histological analysis were performed to evaluate inflammation and root and alveolar bone resorption. DFO downregulated the genes related to inflammation and osteoclastogenesis. DFO also reduced ROS production and regulated specific pathways. Furthermore, the results of the micro-CT and histological analyses provided evidence of the decrease in inflammation and hard tissue resorption in the DFO group. Overall, these results suggest that DFO reduces inflammation and osteoclastogenesis in a tooth replantation model, and thus, it has to be further investigated as a root surface treatment option for an avulsed tooth.

scholarly journals Time-Dependent Anti-Demineralization Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Ji-Hye Ahn ◽  
Ji-Woong Kim ◽  
Young-Mi Yoon ◽  
Nan-Young Lee ◽  
Sang-Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Demineralized Enamel

This study compared the demineralization resistance of teeth treated with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to that treated with fluoride varnish. A total of 105 healthy bovine incisors were divided into control, fluoride varnish, and SDF groups. The enamel surface density change was then measured by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) at three depths. The demineralized zone volume was measured on 3D micro-CT images to evaluate the total demineralization rate. The enamel surface morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscope. The enamel density had continuously decreased while demineralization increased in the control and fluoride varnish groups. The enamel density had increased in the SDF group till the 7th day of demineralization treatment and decreased thereafter. However, the decrease in the SDF group was less severe than that in the other groups (p < 0.05). The demineralized enamel volume had increased through treatment and was the highest in the control group, followed by the fluoride varnish and SDF group. The enamel surface morphology was the roughest and most irregular in the control group, followed by the fluoride varnish group and SDF groups.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of volumetric changes of three different retrograde calcium silicate materials placed under different pH condititions

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
So Yeon Kwon ◽  
Min-Seock Seo
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Acidic Environment ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Saline Environment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calcium Silicate Cements ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract Background The present study aimed to compare the volumetric changes of three calcium silicate cements after retrofilling and placing under different pH conditions via micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan. Methods Forty-two extracted human single-rooted teeth were randomly assigned to three groups according to the retrofilling materials used (Biodentine, Endocem MTA, and ProRoot MTA). Each group was divided into two subgroups according to the setting condition. The teeth in one group were immersed in normal saline for 5 days at room temperature, and the teeth in the other group were immersed in butyric acid (pH = 5.4) for 5 days at room temperature. The volume ratios of the retrofilling material were calculated via micro-CT imaging. Results The volume ratios of the Biodentine and Endocem MTA groups were significantly different between the two setting environment, and these groups had significantly lower filled volume ratio (Vf, %) in the acidic environment than in the saline environment (pH = 5.4). Meanwhile, the volume ratio of the ProRoot MTA group did not significantly differ between the two setting environments. All materials under the acidic setting condition had relative radiolucency in the area in contact with the acidic solution. Conclusion The Vf ratio of the Biodentine and Endocem MTA cements was significantly lower in the acidic environment than in the saline environment. No statistically significant difference was observed in the Vf ratio of ProRoot MTA between the two setting environments.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Types of Muscle Contraction with Different Running Conditions on Mouse Humerus Morphology

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Kaichi Ozone ◽  
Yuichiro Oka ◽  
Yuki Minegishi ◽  
Takuma Kano ◽  
Takanori Kokubun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Attachment Region

How various types of muscle contraction during exercises affect bone formation remains unclear. This study aimed to determine how exercises with different muscle contraction types affect bone morphology. In total, 20 mice were used and divided into four groups: Control, Level, Down Slow, and Down. Different types of muscle contraction were induced by changing the running angle of the treadmill. After the intervention, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase/alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze the humerus head, tendon-to-bone attachment, and humerus diaphyseal region. Micro-CT found that the volume ratio of the humeral head, the volume of the tendon-to-bone attachment region, and the area of the humeral diaphyseal region increased in the Down group. However, no difference was detected in bone morphology between the Level and Down Slow groups. In addition, histology showed activation of ALP in the subarticular subchondral region in the Down Slow and Down groups and the fibrocartilage region in the tendon-to-bone attachment. Moreover, Osterix increased predominantly in the Down Slow and Down groups.Overall bone morphological changes in the humerus occur only when overuse is added to EC-dominant activity. Furthermore, different type of muscle contractile activities might promote bone formation in a site-specific manner.

scholarly journals Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kleoniki Keklikoglou ◽  
Sarah Faulwetter ◽  
Eva Chatzinikolaou ◽  
Patricia Wils ◽  
Jonathan Brecko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Technology ◽  
Non Destructive

Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT or microtomography) is a non-destructive imaging technique using X-rays which allows the digitisation of an object in three dimensions. The ability of micro-CT imaging to visualise both internal and external features of an object, without destroying the specimen, makes the technique ideal for the digitisation of valuable natural history collections. This handbook serves as a comprehensive guide to laboratory micro-CT imaging of different types of natural history specimens, including zoological, botanical, palaeontological and geological samples. The basic principles of the micro-CT technology are presented, as well as protocols, tips and tricks and use cases for each type of natural history specimen. Finally, data management protocols and a comprehensive list of institutions with micro-CT facilities, micro-CT manufacturers and relative software are included.

scholarly journals Effect of Collagen-Enhanced Fibrin Sealant on Seroma Formation in a Rat Mastectomy Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Jong Seong Kim ◽  
Pil Seon Eo ◽  
Joon Seok Lee ◽  
Jeong Woo Lee ◽  
Kang Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fibrin Sealant ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Volumetry ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Seromas are caused by leakage of lymphovascular fluid into postoperative dead space. This is the most common complication after reconstructive breast surgery. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the utility of seroma-preventing substances by using a collagen-enhanced fibrin sealant on a rat mastectomy model.Methods: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. After mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection, normal saline was applied to the dead spaces in group 1 (control). In group 2, a collagen-enhanced fibrin sealant was applied, and in group 3, triamcinolone acetate solution was applied. Afterwards, the amount of seroma was measured by three-dimensional micro-computed tomography (3D micro-CT) volumetry analysis and manual aspiration after 7 and 14 days, respectively.Results: The volume of seroma were significantly reduced in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 in both 3D micro-CT volumetry analysis and manual aspiration on postoperative day 7 (P<0.001). In addition, the results observed in day 14 also showed a decrease in the amount of seroma analyzed by CT in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 (P<0.05). In histopathologic examination inflammation was observed more frequently in group 1 and angiogenesis was more active in group 2.Conclusion: The use of a collagen-enhanced fibrin sealant (Collaseal) is as effective as triamcinolone control injected in a rat mastectomy model.

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