scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis in Homo- and Hetero-Grafted Cucurbit Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippos Bantis ◽  
George Tsiolas ◽  
Evangelia Mouchtaropoulou ◽  
Ioanna Tsompanoglou ◽  
Alexios N. Polidoros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Cytokinin Synthesis ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Transcriptome Level

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a valuable horticultural crop with nutritional benefits grown worldwide. It is almost exclusively cultivated as grafted scions onto interspecific squash rootstock (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata) to improve the growth and yield and to address the problems of soilborne diseases and abiotic stress factors. This study aimed to examine the effect of grafting (homo- and hetero-grafting) on the transcriptome level of the seedlings. Therefore, we compared homo-grafted watermelon (WW) with non-grafted watermelon control (W), homo-grafted squash (SS) with non-grafted squash control (S), hetero-grafted watermelon onto squash (WS) with SS, and WS with WW. Different numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in each comparison. In total, 318 significant DEGs were detected between the transcriptomes of hetero-grafts and homo-grafts at 16 h after grafting. Overall, a significantly higher number of downregulated transcripts was detected among the DEGs. Only one gene showing increased expression related to the cytokinin synthesis was common in three out of four comparisons involving WS, SS, and S. The highest number of differentially expressed (DE) transcripts (433) was detected in the comparison between SS and S, followed by the 127 transcripts between WW and W. The study provides a description of the transcriptomic nature of homo- and hetero-grafted early responses, while the results provide a start point for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms and candidate genes for the functional analyses of hetero-graft and homo-graft systems in Cucurbitaceae and generally in the plants.

scholarly journals iTRAQ-Based Comparative Proteomic Analysis Provides Insights into Molecular Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Qiang Wu ◽  
Jin-Long Wang ◽  
Rui-Jun Feng ◽  
Shan-Jia Li ◽  
Chun-Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Absolute Quantitation ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Isobaric Tags

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors that limit plant growth and crop yield worldwide. To understand the molecular mechanisms and screen the key proteins in response of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to salt, in the present study, the proteomics of roots and shoots in three-week-old sugar beet plants exposed to 50 mM NaCl for 72 h was investigated by isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) technology. The results showed that 105 and 30 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in roots and shoots of salt-treated plants compared with untreated plants, respectively. There were 46 proteins up-regulated and 59 proteins down-regulated in roots; and 13 up-regulated proteins and 17 down-regulated proteins found in shoots, respectively. These DEPs were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, transcription, translation, protein folding, sorting, and degradation as well as transport. It is worth emphasizing that some novel salt-responsive proteins were identified, such as PFK5, MDH, KAT2, ACAD10, CYP51, F3H, TAL, SRPR, ZOG, V-H+-ATPase, V-H+-PPase, PIPs, TIPs, and tubulin α-2/β-1 chain. qRT-PCR analysis showed that six of the selected proteins, including BvPIP1-4, BvVP and BvVAP in root and BvTAL, BvURO-D1, and BvZOG in shoot, displayed good correlation between the expression levels of protein and mRNA. These novel proteins provide a good starting point for further research into their functions using genetic or other approaches. These findings should significantly improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in salt tolerance of sugar beet plants.

Balancing salinity stress responses in halophytes and non-halophytes: a comparison between Thellungiella and Arabidopsis thaliana

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea Bartels ◽  
Challabathula Dinakar
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors that drastically reduces agricultural productivity. In natural environments salinity often occurs together with other stresses such as dehydration, light stress or high temperature. Plants cope with ionic stress, dehydration and osmotic stress caused by high salinity through a variety of mechanisms at different levels involving physiological, biochemical and molecular processes. Halophytic plants exist successfully in stressful saline environments, but most of the terrestrial plants including all crop plants are glycophytes with varying levels of salt tolerance. An array of physiological, structural and biochemical adaptations in halophytes make them suitable models to study the molecular mechanisms associated with salinity tolerance. Comparative analysis of plants that differ in their abilities to tolerate salinity will aid in better understanding the phenomenon of salinity tolerance. The halophyte Thellungiella salsuginea has been used as a model for studying plant salt tolerance. In this review, T. salsuginea and the glycophyte Arabidopsis thaliana are compared with regards to their biochemical, physiological and molecular responses to salinity. In addition recent developments are presented for improvement of salinity tolerance in glycophytic plants using genes from halophytes.

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL STUDIES OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE RELATED TRAITS OF 26 WHEAT VARIETIS IN IRAN

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Abbasi ◽  
Elham Faghani ◽  
Habibollah Soghi ◽  
Ali Hossein Khani
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Golestan Province

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is known as a drought semi-tolerant species.Reduction in wheat growth and yield are the most common responses to drought orsalt stress mainly caused by an inhibition of leaf expansion and stem elongation.One of the important abiotic stress factors limiting wheat production in semiaridregions is drought. Recent climate changes such as temperature changes anddecreasing rainfall in different regions of Iran have had significant impact on agroecosystemsand have caused drought stress to become a severe limiting factorin wheat production. This research was conducted for evaluation of leaf anatomicaland cytological traits of 26 wheat varieties in Golestan province (Iran) over 40years in order to identify the most effective traits in determining maximum yieldpotential. The width and length of vascular bundles, diameter of meta xylem,distance between vascular bundles to upper and lower epidermis, fiber bundlesdiameter and width of midrib and lamina were measured. Finally, based on theanatomic results, wheat varieties with the highest adaptation ability to droughtstress were identified and introduced.

scholarly journals What Makes the Wood? Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Xylem Acclimation in Hardwoods to an Ever-Changing Environment

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Eckert ◽  
Shayla Sharmin ◽  
Aileen Kogel ◽  
Dade Yu ◽  
Lisa Kins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Water Conductivity ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Sessile Organisms

Wood, also designated as secondary xylem, is the major structure that gives trees and other woody plants stability for upright growth and maintains the water supply from the roots to all other plant tissues. Over recent decades, our understanding of the cellular processes of wood formation (xylogenesis) has substantially increased. Plants as sessile organisms face a multitude of abiotic stresses, e.g., heat, drought, salinity and limiting nutrient availability that require them to adjust their wood structure to maintain stability and water conductivity. Because of global climate change, more drastic and sudden changes in temperature and longer periods without precipitation are expected to impact tree productivity in the near future. Thus, it is essential to understand the process of wood formation in trees under stress. Many traits, such as vessel frequency and size, fiber thickness and density change in response to different environmental stimuli. Here, we provide an overview of our current understanding of how abiotic stress factors affect wood formation on the molecular level focussing on the genes that have been identified in these processes.

Effects of abiotic stress on anthocyanin accumulation and grain weight in purple wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Li ◽  
Xiang Lv ◽  
Xiaohong Wang ◽  
Liaohong Wang ◽  
Mingsheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors

This study explored the effects of abiotic stress on anthocyanin accumulation and grain weight of purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1). Plants were treated with five abiotic stress factors at different developmental periods of the grain, then mature grains were analysed for anthocyanin content and 1000-grain weight (TGW). Stresses included temperature (cold and heat), light (shading irradiance and continuous irradiance), drought (20 and 40mm PEG 6000), salinity (100 and 200mm NaCl), and wounding (four types). Of all treatments, 25% tended to increase both anthocyanin content and TGW, although only 5% reached a significant level, 27.5% decreased both, 40% increased anthocyanins but decreased TGW, and 7.5% increased TGW but decreased anthocyanins. Heat stress tended to increase anthocyanin content and decrease TGW, whereas cold stress increased anthocyanins only at 15 days post-anthesis (DPA) and decreased both traits at other times. Shading irradiance decreased anthocyanins but had little effect on TGW. Continuous irradiance increased anthocyanins and TGW at 35 DPA but decreased both at 10 DPA. The lower levels of drought (20mm PEG 6000) and salinity (100mm NaCl) stress tended to increase anthocyanins and decrease TGW; however, the effects of 40mm PEG 6000 and 200mm NaCl were different, and were period-dependent. The four types of wounds increased anthocyanins and TGW at 30 DPA, but their individual effects were different in the other four periods. The results quantified the effects of five abiotic stress factors on anthocyanin accumulation and grain weight, and provide the foundation for further study of defence-responsive molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress in purple wheat.

GRAFTED TOMATOES – ECOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE FOR CHEMICAL DISINFECTION OF SOIL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorin Sora ◽  
Mădălina Doltu
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Chemical Disinfection

This study aimed to identification of an ecological alternative for the chemical disinfection of soil in the greenhouses from Romania. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most popular vegetable crops in the world. The carbohydrate, vitamins, salts of important mineral elements and organic acids content of tomato fruits is very important. Tomato crops are very sensitive to climatic vagaries, so fluctuation in climatic parameters at any phase of growth can affect the yield and the fruit quality. Grafting on Solanaceae is a method which has improved and spread quickly during the past years, a similar approach to crop rotation, a practice meant to increase productivity, resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress factors and at increasing fruit quality. The research was conducted in a glass greenhouse of the Horting Institute, Bucharest, Romania. The biological material used was a Romanian tomato hybrid (Siriana F1), a Dutch tomato hybrid (Abellus F1) and four rootstocks, a Dutch tomato hybrid (Emperador F1) and three Romanian tomato cultivars (L542, L543 and L544) obtained from the Research and Development Station for Vegetable Growing, Buzău, Romania. The rootstocks have had resistance to biotic stress factors (soil diseases and pests) and the chemical disinfection of soil has was eliminated. The result of this research are presented in this paper.

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 546-553
Author(s):  
Hongyuan Cui ◽  
Mingwei Zhu ◽  
Junhua Zhang ◽  
Wenqin Li ◽  
Lihui Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Papillary Thyroid

Objective: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to identify genes that were differentially expressed between normal thyroid tissue and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Materials & Methods: Six candidate genes were selected and further confirmed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry in samples from 24 fresh thyroid tumors and adjacent normal tissues. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was used to investigate signal transduction pathways of the differentially expressed genes. Results: In total, 1690 genes were differentially expressed between samples from patients with PTC and the adjacent normal tissue. Among these, SFRP4, ZNF90, and DCN were the top three upregulated genes, whereas KIRREL3, TRIM36, and GABBR2 were downregulated with the smallest p values. Several pathways were associated with the differentially expressed genes and involved in cellular proliferation, cell migration, and endocrine system tumor progression, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of PTC. Upregulation of SFRP4, ZNF90, and DCN at the mRNA level was further validated with RT-PCR, and DCN expression was further confirmed with immunostaining of PTC samples. Conclusion: These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of PTC. Identification of differentially expressed genes should not only improve the tumor signature for thyroid tumors as a diagnostic biomarker but also reveal potential targets for thyroid tumor treatment.

Systems Biology Approaches Reveal a Multi-stress Responsive WRKY Transcription Factor and Stress Associated Gene Co-expression Networks in Chickpea

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 591-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind K. Konda ◽  
Parasappa R. Sabale ◽  
Khela R. Soren ◽  
Shanmugavadivel P. Subramaniam ◽  
Pallavi Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Functional Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Significant Probability

Background: Chickpea is a nutritional rich premier pulse crop but its production encounters setbacks due to various stresses and understanding of molecular mechanisms can be ascribed foremost importance. Objective: The investigation was carried out to identify the differentially expressed WRKY TFs in chickpea in response to herbicide stress and decipher their interacting partners. Methods: For this purpose, transcriptome wide identification of WRKY TFs in chickpea was done. Behavior of the differentially expressed TFs was compared between other stress conditions. Orthology based cofunctional gene networks were derived from Arabidopsis. Gene ontology and functional enrichment analysis was performed using Blast2GO and STRING software. Gene Coexpression Network (GCN) was constructed in chickpea using publicly available transcriptome data. Expression pattern of the identified gene network was studied in chickpea-Fusarium interactions. Results: A unique WRKY TF (Ca_08086) was found to be significantly (q value = 0.02) upregulated not only under herbicide stress but also in other stresses. Co-functional network of 14 genes, namely Ca_08086, Ca_19657, Ca_01317, Ca_20172, Ca_12226, Ca_15326, Ca_04218, Ca_07256, Ca_14620, Ca_12474, Ca_11595, Ca_15291, Ca_11762 and Ca_03543 were identified. GCN revealed 95 hub genes based on the significant probability scores. Functional annotation indicated role in callose deposition and response to chitin. Interestingly, contrasting expression pattern of the 14 network genes was observed in wilt resistant and susceptible chickpea genotypes, infected with Fusarium. Conclusion: This is the first report of identification of a multi-stress responsive WRKY TF and its associated GCN in chickpea.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of carotenoid biosynthesis reveal the basis of white petal color in Brassica napus

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 253 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ledong Jia ◽  
Junsheng Wang ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Mouzheng Duan ◽  
Cailin Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Carotenoid Metabolism ◽  
Rapeseed Cultivar

Abstract Main conclusion The molecular mechanism underlying white petal color in Brassica napus was revealed by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Abstract Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide, but the mechanisms underlying flower color in this crop are known less. Here, we performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the yellow-flowered rapeseed cultivar ‘Zhongshuang 11’ (ZS11) and the white-flowered inbred line ‘White Petal’ (WP). The total carotenoid contents were 1.778-fold and 1.969-fold higher in ZS11 vs. WP petals at stages S2 and S4, respectively. Our findings suggest that white petal color in WP flowers is primarily due to decreased lutein and zeaxanthin contents. Transcriptome analysis revealed 10,116 differentially expressed genes with a fourfold or greater change in expression (P-value less than 0.001) in WP vs. ZS11 petals, including 1,209 genes that were differentially expressed at four different stages and 20 genes in the carotenoid metabolism pathway. BnNCED4b, encoding a protein involved in carotenoid degradation, was expressed at abnormally high levels in WP petals, suggesting it might play a key role in white petal formation. The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with the transcriptome data. The results of this study provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of the carotenoid metabolic pathway in rapeseed petals, and the candidate genes identified in this study provide a resource for the creation of new B. napus germplasms with different petal colors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document