scholarly journals Screening of Olive Biodiversity Defines Genotypes Potentially Resistant to Xylella fastidiosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Pavan ◽  
Marzia Vergine ◽  
Francesca Nicolì ◽  
Erika Sabella ◽  
Alessio Aprile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Genetic Cluster ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Olive Quick Decline Syndrome ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Selection Of

The recent outbreak of the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS), caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca (Xf), is dramatically altering ecosystem services in the peninsula of Salento (Apulia Region, southeastern Italy). Here we report the accomplishment of several exploratory missions in the Salento area, resulting in the identification of thirty paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic plants in olive orchards severely affected by the OQDS. The genetic profiles of such putatively resistant plants (PRPs), assessed by a selection of ten simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, were compared with those of 141 Mediterranean cultivars. Most (23) PRPs formed a genetic cluster (K1) with 22 Italian cultivars, including ‘Leccino’ and ‘FS17’, previously reported as resistant to Xf. The remaining PRPs displayed relatedness with genetically differentiated germplasm, including a cluster of Tunisian cultivars. Markedly lower colonization levels were observed in PRPs of the cluster K1 with respect to control plants. Field evaluation of four cultivars related to PRPs allowed the definition of partial resistance in the genotypes ‘Frantoio’ and ‘Nocellara Messinese’. Some of the PRPs identified in this study might be exploited in cultivation, or as parental clones of breeding programs. In addition, our results indicate the possibility to characterize resistance to Xf in cultivars genetically related to PRPs.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Pre-selection of New Grapevine Genotypes Resistant to Downy and Powdery Mildew, Obtained by Cross-Breeding Programs in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Ruiz-García ◽  
Pilar Gago ◽  
Celia Martínez-Mora ◽  
José Luis Santiago ◽  
Diego J. Fernádez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Selection Of

The need to develop an environmentally friendly, sustainable viticulture model has led to numerous grapevine improvement programmes aiming to increase resistance to downy and powdery mildew. The success of such programmes relies on the availability of protocols that can quantify the resistance/susceptibility of new genotypes, and on the existence of molecular markers of resistance loci that can aid in the selection process. The present work assesses the degree of phenotypic resistance/susceptibility to downy and powdery mildew of 28 new genotypes obtained from crosses between “Monastrell” and “Regent.” Three genotypes showed strong combined resistance, making them good candidates for future crosses with other sources of resistance to these diseases (pyramiding). In general, laboratory and glasshouse assessments of resistance at the phenotype level agreed with the resistance expected from the presence of resistance-associated alleles of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for the loci Rpv3 and Ren3 (inherited from “Regent”), confirming their usefulness as indicators of likely resistance to downy and powdery mildew, respectively, particularly so for downy mildew.

scholarly journals Short communication: Identification of cultivated and wild Vaccinium species grown in Portugal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e07SC01
Author(s):  
Márcia Carvalho ◽  
Manuela Matos ◽  
Valdemar Carnide
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Polymorphic Markers ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Selection Of

Vaccinium crops offer a variety of benefits for human health due their high levels of antioxidants. Genetic diversity between two Vaccinium species (sixteen cultivars of Vaccinium corymbosum and three wild populations of Vaccinium myrtillus) were evaluated using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. In V. corymbosum 74 polymorphic markers corresponding to 83.2% of polymorphism were obtained while in V. myrtillus only four polymorphic markers corresponding to 83.2% and 10.6% of polymorphism were observed. The dendrogram obtained showed a clear division into two distinct groups corresponding to the two analyzed species. V. corymbosum group is divided in different sub-clusters based on cultivars pedigree relationships. Twenty-eight specific bands were detected in total; 6 for V. corymbosum and 22 for V. myrtillus. Results allowed the selection of five primers due it potential to detect specific bands in the two species. These markers could be useful for identifying species and cultivars and consequently help in the management of germplasm collections and in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Multifaceted Analysis of Barley Landraces Collected during Gene Bank Expeditions in Poland at the End of the 20th Century

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1958
Author(s):  
Joanna Dziurdziak ◽  
Paulina Bolc ◽  
Sylwia Wlodarczyk ◽  
Marta Puchta ◽  
Grzegorz Gryziak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Barley Landraces ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Simple Sequence

The extensive genetic diversity of crop landraces deposited in gene banks is an important part of future breeding programs. However, in order to exploit this potential, it is necessary both to preserve germplasm and to collect and share a wide range of data on its characteristics and evaluation. The main objective of the presented paper was to evaluate the diversity of spring barley landraces originating from Poland. Historical data from standard field evaluation of agronomic traits, genetic data obtained from Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) analysis and grain morphometric data were used. The analysis showed that groups of hulled and hulls barley accessions were substantially separate. Genetic and grain morphological variation did not show any relationship with eco-geographical conditions in the place of origin. There was also no clear division into forms with two- and six-row ears. The combination of the results of various types of analyzes describing this collection makes us believe that its chances of being used in research and breeding will increase.

scholarly journals Synteny-Based Development of CAPS Markers Linked to the Sweet kernel LOCUS, Controlling Amygdalin Accumulation in Almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb)

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ricciardi ◽  
Jorge Del Cueto ◽  
Nicoletta Bardaro ◽  
Rosa Mazzeo ◽  
Luigi Ricciardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Molecular Fingerprinting ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Selection Of

The bitterness and toxicity of wild-type seeds of Prunoideae is due to the cyanogenic glucoside amygdalin. In cultivated almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb), a dominant mutation at the Sk locus prevents amygdalin accumulation and thus results in edible sweet kernels. Here, we exploited sequence similarity and synteny between the genomes of almond and peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) to identify cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) molecular markers linked to the Sk locus. A segregant F1 population was used to map these markers on the Sk genomic region, together with Sk-linked simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers previously described. Molecular fingerprinting of a cultivar collection indicated the possibility to use CAPS polymorphisms identified in this study in breeding programs arising from different parental combinations. Overall, we highlight a set of codominant markers useful for early selection of sweet kernel genotypes, an aspect of primary importance in almond breeding. In addition, by showing collinearity between the physical map of peach and the genetic map of almond with respect to the Sk genomic region, we provide valuable information for further marker development and Sk positional cloning.

scholarly journals Identifying simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker linked to mite tolerance in jute species

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamima Islam Keka ◽  
Md Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Minhaz Uddin Pahloan ◽  
Sultana Pervin ◽  
Md Maksuder Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Linkage Mapping ◽  
Ssr Marker ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Phenotypic Marker ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Selection Of

Mite infestation is one of the main factors restricting jute production in Bangladesh. The utilization of jute cultivars tolerant to mite attack can be one of the most economic strategies for expanding jute production. Among jute genotypes, C. olitorius O-7/95 has been reported to be most tolerant to mite attack. SSR or microsatellite markers for jute have been successfully used in distinguishing mite sensitive and tolerant jute varieties. To increase selection efficiency for mite tolerance we have used an F2 population of O-7/95 and O-72 (sensitive to mite attack) to map a number of these microsatellite markers and to determine their linkage with mite tolerant trait. A preliminary genetic linkage map based on 35 F2 populations, was constructed using software MAPMAKER/EXP (ver 3.0b). This map was based on ten SSR markers and a phenotypic marker (M-11) related to mite sensitivity. In this analysis mite resistance has been found to be linked with a SSR marker, M-66 at LOD threshold of 3. This marker has the potential of being useful in Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) in jute breeding programs for selection of lines resistant to mite. Key words: Jute, Mite tolerance, SSR marker, Linkage mapping doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i2.1725 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(2): 161-171, 2008 (December)

Selection and Preparation of Specific Tissue Regions For Tem Using Large Epoxy-Embedded Blocks

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 324-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Lowrie ◽  
W. S. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Embedded Blocks ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Selection Of

The importance of examining stained 1 to 2μ plastic sections by light microscopy has long been recognized, both for increased definition of many histologic features and for selection of specimen samples to be used in ultrastructural studies. Selection of specimens with specific orien ation relative to anatomical structures becomes of critical importance in ultrastructural investigations of organs such as the lung. The uantity of blocks necessary to locate special areas of interest by random sampling is large, however, and the method is lacking in precision. Several methods have been described for selection of specific areas for electron microscopy using light microscopic evaluation of paraffin, epoxy-infiltrated, or epoxy-embedded large blocks from which thick sections were cut. Selected areas from these thick sections were subsequently removed and re-embedded or attached to blank precasted blocks and resectioned for transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Estu Nugroho ◽  
Budi Setyono ◽  
Mochammad Su’eb ◽  
Tri Heru Prihadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weight Trait ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

scholarly journals Promotion of Resilience in Migrants: A Systematic Review of Study and Psychosocial Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ciaramella ◽  
Nadia Monacelli ◽  
Livia Concetta Eugenia Cocimano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychosocial Intervention ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to contribute to a better and more focused understanding of the link between the concept of resilience and psychosocial interventions in the migrant population. The research questions concerned the type of population involved, definition of resilience, methodological choices and which intervention programmes were targeted at migrants. In the 90 articles included, an heterogeneity in defining resilience or not well specified definition resulted. Different migratory experiences were not adequately considered in the selection of participants. Few resilience interventions on migrants were resulted. A lack of procedure’s descriptions that keep in account specific migrants’ life-experiences and efficacy’s measures were highlighted.

scholarly journals Combining metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to assess and improve crop quality traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine M. Pott ◽  
Sara Durán-Soria ◽  
Sonia Osorio ◽  
José G. Vallarino
Keyword(s):  
Quality Trait ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Crop Quality ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractPlant quality trait improvement has become a global necessity due to the world overpopulation. In particular, producing crop species with enhanced nutrients and health-promoting compounds is one of the main aims of current breeding programs. However, breeders traditionally focused on characteristics such as yield or pest resistance, while breeding for crop quality, which largely depends on the presence and accumulation of highly valuable metabolites in the plant edible parts, was left out due to the complexity of plant metabolome and the impossibility to properly phenotype it. Recent technical advances in high throughput metabolomic, transcriptomic and genomic platforms have provided efficient approaches to identify new genes and pathways responsible for the extremely diverse plant metabolome. In addition, they allow to establish correlation between genotype and metabolite composition, and to clarify the genetic architecture of complex biochemical pathways, such as the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants, many of them being highly valuable for the human diet. In this review, we focus on how the combination of metabolomic, transcriptomic and genomic approaches is a useful tool for the selection of crop varieties with improved nutritional value and quality traits.

scholarly journals Mapping QTL for spike fertility and related traits in two doubled haploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pretini ◽  
Leonardo S. Vanzetti ◽  
Ignacio I. Terrile ◽  
Guillermo Donaire ◽  
Fernanda G. González
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background In breeding programs, the selection of cultivars with the highest yield potential consisted in the selection of the yield per se, which resulted in cultivars with higher grains per spike (GN) and occasionally increased grain weight (GW) (main numerical components of the yield). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GW, GN and spike fertility traits related to GN determination were mapped using two doubled haploid (DH) populations (Baguette Premium 11 × BioINTA 2002 and Baguette 19 × BioINTA 2002). Results In total 305 QTL were identified for 14 traits, out of which 12 QTL were identified in more than three environments and explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation in at least one environment. Eight hotspot regions were detected on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 5A, 5B, 7A and 7B in which at least two major and stable QTL sheared confidence intervals. QTL on two of these regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) have previously been described, but the other six regions are novel. Conclusions Based on the pleiotropic analysis within a robust physiological model we conclude that two hotspot genomic regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) together with the QGW.perg-6B are of high relevance to be used in marker assisted selection in order to improve the spike yield potential. All the QTL identified for the spike related traits are the first step to search for their candidate genes, which will allow their better manipulation in the future.

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