scholarly journals Blocking miR530 Improves Rice Resistance, Yield, and Maturity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Liang-Fang Wang ◽  
Sadam Hussain Bhutto ◽  
Xiao-Rong He ◽  
Xue-Mei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Regulatory Module ◽  
Late Maturity

MicroRNAs fine-tune plant growth and resistance against multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. The trade-off between biomass and resistance can penalize crop yield. In this study, we have shown that rice miR530 regulates blast disease resistance, yield, and growth period. While the overexpression of miR530 results in compromised blast disease resistance, reduced grain yield, and late maturity, blocking miR530 using a target mimic (MIM530) leads to enhanced resistance, increased grain yield, and early maturity. Further study revealed that the accumulation of miR530 was decreased in both leaves and panicles along with the increase of age. Such expression patterns were accordant with the enhanced resistance from seedlings to adult plants, and the grain development from panicle formation to fully-filled seeds. Divergence analysis of miR530 precursor with upstream 1,000-bp promoter sequence in 11 rice species revealed that miR530 was diverse in Oryza sativa japonica and O. sativa indica group, which was consistent with the different accumulation of miR530 in japonica accessions and indica accessions. Altogether, our results indicate that miR530 coordinates rice resistance, yield, and maturity, thus providing a potential regulatory module for breeding programs aiming to improve yield and disease resistance.

scholarly journals Rice miR1432 Fine-Tunes The Balance of Yield and Blast Disease Resistance Via Different Modules

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Ya-Ping Zheng ◽  
Xin-Hui Zhou ◽  
Xue-Mei Yang ◽  
Xiao-Rong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Family Protein ◽  
Ef Hand

Abstract microRNAs act as fine-tuners in the regulation of plant growth and resistance against biotic and abiotic stress. Here we demonstrate that rice miR1432 fine-tunes yield and blast disease resistance via different modules. The expression of miR1432 is differentially regulated in the susceptible and resistance accessions by the infection of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Overexpression of miR1432 leads to compromised resistance and decreased yield, whereas blocking miR1432 using a target mimic of miR1432 results in enhanced resistance and yield. Moreover, miR1432 suppresses the expression of LOC_Os03g59790, which encodes an EF-hand family protein 1 (OsEFH1). Overexpression of OsEFH1 leads to enhanced rice resistance but decreased grain yield. Consistently, blocking miR1432 or overexpression of OsEFH1 improves pathogen/microbe-associated molecular pattern- triggered immunity. In contrast, overexpression of ACOT, a previously identified target gene of miR1432 involved in the regulation of rice yield traits, has no significant effects on rice blast disease resistance. Altogether, these results indicate that miR1432 balances yield and resistance via different target genes, and blocking miR1432 can simultaneously improve yield and resistance.

scholarly journals Rice miR1432 Fine-Tunes the Balance of Yield and Blast Disease Resistance via Different Modules

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Ya-Ping Zheng ◽  
Xin-Hui Zhou ◽  
Xue-Mei Yang ◽  
Xiao-Rong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Family Protein ◽  
Ef Hand

AbstractmicroRNAs act as fine-tuners in the regulation of plant growth and resistance against biotic and abiotic stress. Here we demonstrate that rice miR1432 fine-tunes yield and blast disease resistance via different modules. Overexpression of miR1432 leads to compromised resistance and decreased yield, whereas blocking miR1432 using a target mimic of miR1432 results in enhanced resistance and yield. miR1432 suppresses the expression of LOC_Os03g59790, which encodes an EF-hand family protein 1 (OsEFH1). Overexpression of OsEFH1 leads to enhanced rice resistance but decreased grain yield. Further study revealed that miR1432 and OsEFH1 are differentially responsive to chitin, a fungus-derived pathogen/microbe-associated molecular pattern (PAMP/MAMP). Consistently, blocking miR1432 or overexpression of OsEFH1 improves chitin-triggered immunity responses. In contrast, overexpression of ACOT, another target gene regulating rice yield traits, has no significant effects on rice blast disease resistance. Altogether, these results indicate that miR1432 balances yield and resistance via different target genes, and blocking miR1432 can simultaneously improve yield and resistance.

scholarly journals Stability parameters for grain yield of maize hybrids (Zea mays L.)

Genetika ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Milomirka Madic ◽  
Dragan Djurovic ◽  
Vladeta Stevovic ◽  
Nikola Bokan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Yields

Stability parameters for grain yield were evaluated in 11 maize hybrids of FAO 300-700 maturity groups (ZPSC 330M, ZPTC 404, ZPSC 42A, ZPSC 480, ZPSC 539, ZPSC 599, ZPSC 580, ZPSC 677, ZPSC 633, ZPSC 704 and ZPSC 753) at three different locations in Central Serbia over a two-year period. The hybrids were tested in two separate trials including 50,000 and 65,000 plants/ha, respectively. The stability parameters were estimated using the EBERHART and RUSSELL regression model (1966). There were no significant differences (except in the ZPTC 404 hybrid) between the values of the regression coefficient (bi) for grain yield and the mean value. The ZPSC 599 hybrid of the group of hybrids with a medium growing season gave high yields and less favorable values of stability parameters at most locations and over most years as compared to the long- season hybrids. The late maturity hybrids (FAO 600 and 700) as compared to the early maturity ones generally exhibited unfavorable values of stability parameters, i.e. a specific response and better adaptation to more favorable environmental conditions, and produced higher average yields. The yield of these hybrids could not have been jeopardized by the yield of the early maturity hybrids.

DYNAMICS OF BARLEY FLAVONOID AND PRODUCTIVITY UNDER UF-A RADIATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
L. I. Goncharova ◽  
P. N. Tsygvintsev ◽  
О. А. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Quantum Energy ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Universal Mechanism

The effect of increased UV-A radiation during the ontogeny of barley plants of the Vladimir variety in the vegetation experiment was studied. Changes in the content of malonic dialdehyde, flavonoids and grain yield were revealed. UV-A radiation as compared to UV-B radiation, has lower quantum energy and can have both positive and negative effects on plant regulatory and photosynthetic processes. One of the most damaging effects of increased levels of UV-A radiation is oxidative stress, which causes lipid peroxidation of biological membranes. The existence of a plant cell in such conditions is possible only thanks to a system of antioxidant defense mechanisms. The accumulation of phenolic compounds under the action of UV radiation is a universal mechanism of protection against photodamage, which was formed in the early stages of the evolution of photoautotrophic organisms. Flavonoids are localized in the epidermis of plant tissues and act as an internal filter. The content of flavonoids is determined by the genotype and due to ontogenetic patterns. Plants were grown in a greenhouse, in vessels containing 4.5 kg of air-dry soil. The repetition is threefold (3 vessels in each variant). Sowing density - 13 plants in each vessel. As a source of UV-A radiation used lamps Black Light BLUE company Philips. Plants were irradiated for 5 hours a day from 10 to 15 hours at 13, 25, 34, 43 and 52 stages of organogenesis. The magnitude of the daily biologically effective dose of UV-A radiation was 60.7 kJ / m2. The solar part of the UV spectrum in the vegetation experiment was absent in the greenhouse. The nature of changes in the content of flavonoids under the action of UV-A irradiation during the growing season of plants with the dynamics of the oxidative process has been established. The first maximum was observed during the vegetative growth period, the second - at the earing stage. The data obtained indicate that flavonoids have ontogenetic conditionality and perform photoprotective functions. The increase in their content under the action of UV-A radiation is accompanied by an increase in resistance to photodamage, which is confirmed by the formation of grain yield.

scholarly journals A family of pathogen-induced cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins is involved in plant disease resistance

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 253 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marciel Pereira Mendes ◽  
Richard Hickman ◽  
Marcel C. Van Verk ◽  
Nicole M. Nieuwendijk ◽  
Anja Reinstädler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Transmembrane Proteins ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Enhanced Resistance

Abstract Main conclusion Overexpression of pathogen-induced cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins (PCMs) in Arabidopsis thaliana enhances resistance against biotrophic pathogens and stimulates hypocotyl growth, suggesting a potential role for PCMs in connecting both biological processes. Abstract Plants possess a sophisticated immune system to protect themselves against pathogen attack. The defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) is an important player in the plant immune gene regulatory network. Using RNA-seq time series data of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves treated with SA, we identified a largely uncharacterized SA-responsive gene family of eight members that are all activated in response to various pathogens or their immune elicitors and encode small proteins with cysteine-rich transmembrane domains. Based on their nucleotide similarity and chromosomal position, the designated Pathogen-induced Cysteine-rich transMembrane protein (PCM) genes were subdivided into three subgroups consisting of PCM1-3 (subgroup I), PCM4-6 (subgroup II), and PCM7-8 (subgroup III). Of the PCM genes, only PCM4 (also known as PCC1) has previously been implicated in plant immunity. Transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana indicated that most PCM proteins localize to the plasma membrane. Ectopic overexpression of the PCMs in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in all eight cases in enhanced resistance against the biotrophic oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2. Additionally, overexpression of PCM subgroup I genes conferred enhanced resistance to the hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. The PCM-overexpression lines were found to be also affected in the expression of genes related to light signaling and development, and accordingly, PCM-overexpressing seedlings displayed elongated hypocotyl growth. These results point to a function of PCMs in both disease resistance and photomorphogenesis, connecting both biological processes, possibly via effects on membrane structure or activity of interacting proteins at the plasma membrane.

scholarly journals Chickpea shows genotype-specific nodulation responses across soil nitrogen environment and root disease resistance categories

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista L. Plett ◽  
Sean L. Bithell ◽  
Adrian Dando ◽  
Jonathan M. Plett
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Factors Affecting

Abstract Background The ability of chickpea to obtain sufficient nitrogen via its symbiotic relationship with Mesorhizobium ciceri is of critical importance in supporting growth and grain production. A number of factors can affect this symbiotic relationship including abiotic conditions, plant genotype, and disruptions to host signalling/perception networks. In order to support improved nodule formation in chickpea, we investigated how plant genotype and soil nutrient availability affect chickpea nodule formation and nitrogen fixation. Further, using transcriptomic profiling, we sought to identify gene expression patterns that characterize highly nodulated genotypes. Results A study involving six chickpea varieties demonstrated large genotype by soil nitrogen interaction effects on nodulation and further identified agronomic traits of genotypes (such as shoot weight) associated with high nodulation. We broadened our scope to consider 29 varieties and breeding lines to examine the relationship between soilborne disease resistance and the number of nodules developed and real-time nitrogen fixation. Results of this larger study supported the earlier genotype specific findings, however, disease resistance did not explain differences in nodulation across genotypes. Transcriptional profiling of six chickpea genotypes indicates that genes associated with signalling, N transport and cellular localization, as opposed to genes associated with the classical nodulation pathway, are more likely to predict whether a given genotype will exhibit high levels of nodule formation. Conclusions This research identified a number of key abiotic and genetic factors affecting chickpea nodule development and nitrogen fixation. These findings indicate that an improved understanding of genotype-specific factors affecting chickpea nodule induction and function are key research areas necessary to improving the benefits of rhizobial symbiosis in chickpea.

CDC Desire durum wheat

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Pozniak
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Durum Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Grain Cadmium

Pozniak, C. J. 2013. CDC Desire durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1265–1270. CDC Desire durum wheat is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. This conventional height durum wheat cultivar combines high grain yield potential with high grain pigment and protein concentrations and low grain cadmium. CDC Desire is strong-strawed and is earlier maturing than all check cultivars. CDC Desire expresses disease resistance similar to the current check cultivars.

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