scholarly journals A Mathematical Model for Characterizing the Biomass and the Physiological/Biochemical Indicators of Salvia miltiorrhiza Based on Growth-Defense Tradeoff

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wang ◽  
Zhu-Yun Yan ◽  
Yuntong Ma ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Mechanism Model ◽  
The Relationship

Carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) metabolisms are important for plant growth and defense, and enzymes play a major role in these two metabolisms. Current studies show that the enzymes of N Metabolism, C Metabolism, and defense are correlated with biomass. Then, we conducted this research under the assumption that enzymes could characterize the relationship based on growth-defense tradeoff, and some of the enzymes could be used to represent the plant growth. From the mechanism model, we picked out 18 physiological/biochemical indicators and obtained the data from 24 tissue culture seedlings of Salvia miltiorrhiza (S.miltiorrhiza) which were grafted with 11 endophytic fungi. Then, the relationship between the biomass and the physiological/biochemical indicators was investigated by using statistical analysis, such as correlation analysis, variable screening, and regression analysis. The results showed that many physiological/biochemical indicators, especially enzyme activities, were related to biomass accumulation. Through a rigorous logical reasoning process, we established a mathematical model of the biomass and 6 key physiological/biochemical indicators, including glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GLS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and soluble protein from Cobb-Douglas production function. This model had high prediction accuracy, and it could simplify the measurement of biomass. During the artificial cultivation of S.miltiorrhiza, we can monitor the biomass accumulation by scaling the key physiological/biochemical indicators in the leaves. Interestingly, the coefficients of Lasso regression during our analysis were consistent with the mechanism of growth-defense tradeoff. Perhaps, the key physiological/biochemical indicators obtained in the statistical analysis are related to the indicators affecting biomass accumulation in practice.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model of Physiological and Biochemical Indexes to Plant Growth–Defense Tradeoff in Salvia Miltiorrhiza

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wang ◽  
Zhu-yun Yan ◽  
Yun-tong Ma ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Variable Screening ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Effective Components ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Indexes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract Background: Enzyme activities play a very important role in metabolism. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are the two most basic elements for plant growth and development, and their mutual coupling makes C:N become an important index to explore plant element allocation and adaptation strategies. Although the key enzymes activity in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and defense enzymes are often used to indexes of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants, the relationship between them and biomass still lacks understanding. In this paper, under the control condition, the biomass and 18 kinds of physiological and biochemical indexes were obtained through 24 groups experiments of the regenerated seedlings of Salvia miltiorrhiza by 9 endophytic fungi strains grafted. Results: The data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, Lasso variable screening analysis and MLP neural network regression analysis. Results show that many physiological and biochemical indexes are related to biomass, and glutamine synthetase ( GS ),glutamate synthase ( GLS ), glutamate dehydroge nase ( GDH ), peroxidases (POD), catalase (CAT), soluble protein are the key factors which affect the biomass synthesis of Salvia miltiorrhiza . Conclusion: In this paper, it discusses the relationship between physiological and biochemical indexes and biomass in a comprehensive and systematic way by the framework of "Build-Design-Calculate-Test". Through rigorous logical reasoning process, the factors affecting the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza are selected, and the mathematical model is established. It also provides a powerful tool for the comprehensive and systematic study of plant growth and the synthesis of effective components.

The Effect of Temperature and Pulling Rate on Young's Modulus of Steel FAS390Q

2011 ◽  
Vol 299-300 ◽  
pp. 337-340
Author(s):  
Bing Yu Liu ◽  
Jing Yuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Power Index ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of heating temperature and pulling rate on Young's modulus of steel FAS390Q was studied. The results show that the relationship between Young's modulus and reciprocal of absolute temperature follows exponent change, and Young's modulus and pulling rate follows power function relation (power index for 0.189). Crystal vacancy is one of the most important reasons for elasticity phenomenon of steels, which results in the fact that the Young's modulus is affected by pulling rate. Based on the statistical analysis, the mathematical model between Young's modulus of high temperature and pulling rate is established.

Temperature Influence on Performance of Oxidation Ponds

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingliang Zhao ◽  
Zijie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Computer Technique ◽  
Oxidation Pond ◽  
Optimum Model ◽  
Oxidation Ponds ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Relationship

By means of simulated tests of a laboratory–scale oxidation pond model, the relationship between BOD5 and temperature fluctuation was researched. Mathematical modelling for the pond's performance and K1determination were systematically described. The calculation of T–K1–CeCe/Ci) was complex but the problem was solved by utilizing computer technique in the paper, and the mathematical model which could best simulate experiment data was developed. On the basis of experiment results,the concept of plug–ratio–coefficient is also presented. Finally the optimum model recommended here was verified with the field–scale pond data.

Pulse-Width Modulated Amplifier for DC Servo System and Its Matlab Simulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 625-631
Author(s):  
Ma Xiaocheng ◽  
Zhang Haotian ◽  
Cheng Yiqing ◽  
Zhu Lina ◽  
Wu Dan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Input Signal ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Servo Motor ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Pulse Width Modulated ◽  
Signal Changes ◽  
The Relationship

This paper introduces a mathematical model for Pulse-Width Modulated Amplifier for DC Servo Motor. The relationship between pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal and reference rotation speed is specified, and a general model of motor represented by transfer function is also put forward. When the input signal changes, the rotation speed of the servo motor will change accordingly. By changing zeros and poles, transient performance of this system is discussed in detail, and optimal ranges of the parameters is recommended at the end of discussion.

scholarly journals Phytase-Producing Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 Promotes Seed Germination and Growth in Corn (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Gui-E Li ◽  
Wei-Liang Kong ◽  
Xiao-Qin Wu ◽  
Shi-Bo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Rahnella Aquatilis ◽  
Maize Seeds

Phytase plays an important role in crop seed germination and plant growth. In order to fully understand the plant growth-promoting mechanism by Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1，the effect of this strain on germination of maize seeds was determined in vitro, and the colonization of maize root by R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 was observed by scanning electron microscope. Different inoculum concentrations and Phytate-related soil properties were applied to investigate the effect of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 on the growth of maize seedlings. The results showed that R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 could effectively secrete indole acetic acid and had significantly promoted seed germination and root length of maize. A large number of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 cells colonized on the root surface, root hair and the root interior of maize. When the inoculation concentration was 107 cfu/mL and the insoluble organophosphorus compound phytate existed in the soil, the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, phytase activity secreted by roots, total phosphorus concentration and biomass accumulation of maize seedlings were the highest. In contrast, no significant effect of inoculation was found when the total P content was low or when inorganic P was sufficient in the soil. R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 promotes the growth of maize directly by secreting IAA and indirectly by secreting phytase. This work provides beneficial information for the development and application of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 as a microbial fertilizer in the future.

scholarly journals BMI-1 Expression Heterogeneity in Endometriosis-Related and Non-Endometriotic Ovarian Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6082
Author(s):  
Ludmila Lozneanu ◽  
Raluca Anca Balan ◽  
Ioana Păvăleanu ◽  
Simona Eliza Giuşcă ◽  
Irina-Draga Căruntu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Epithelial Tumor ◽  
Normal Organ ◽  
Ovarian Carcinogenesis ◽  
Cellular Signaling Pathway ◽  
The Relationship

BMI-1 is a key component of stem cells, which are essential for normal organ development and cell phenotype maintenance. BMI-1 expression is deregulated in cancer, resulting in the alteration of chromatin and gene transcription repression. The cellular signaling pathway that governs BMI-1 action in the ovarian carcinogenesis sequences is incompletely deciphered. In this study, we set out to analyze the immunohistochemical (IHC) BMI-1 expression in two different groups: endometriosis-related ovarian carcinoma (EOC) and non-endometriotic ovarian carcinoma (NEOC), aiming to identify the differences in its tissue profile. Methods: BMI-1 IHC expression has been individually quantified in epithelial and in stromal components by using adapted scores systems. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between BMI-1 epithelial and stromal profile in each group and between groups and its correlation with classical clinicopathological characteristics. Results: BMI-1 expression in epithelial tumor cells was mostly low or negative in the EOC group, and predominantly positive in the NEOC group. Moreover, the stromal BMI-1 expression was variable in the EOC group, whereas in the NEOC group, stromal BMI-1 expression was mainly strong. We noted statistically significant differences between the epithelial and stromal BMI-1 profiles in each group and between the two ovarian carcinoma (OC) groups. Conclusions: Our study provides solid evidence for a different BMI-1 expression in EOC and NEOC, corresponding to the differences in their etiopathogeny. The reported differences in the BMI-1 expression of EOC and NEOC need to be further validated in a larger and homogenous cohort of study.

scholarly journals Noni fruit’s water spot appearance on the second day of harvest: a trade-off between resistance and energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Wu ◽  
Danyan Hu ◽  
Qingfen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Noni (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) is a tropical tree that bears climacteric fruit. Previous observations and research have shown that the second day (2 d) after harvest is the most important demarcation point when the fruit has the same appearance as the freshly picked fruit (0 d); however, they are beginning to become water spot appearance. We performed a conjoint analysis of metabolome and transcriptome data for noni fruit of 0 d and 2 d to reveal what happened to the fruit at the molecular level. Genes and metabolites were annotated to KEGG pathways and the co-annotated KEGG pathways were used as a statistical analysis. Results We found 25 pathways that were significantly altered at both metabolic and transcriptional levels, including a total of 285 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 11 differential metabolites through an integrative analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics. The energy metabolism and pathways originating from phenylalanine were disturbed the most. The upregulated resistance metabolites and genes implied the increase of resistance and energy consumption in the postharvest noni fruit. Most genes involved in glycolysis were downregulated, further limiting the available energy. This lack of energy led noni fruit to water spot appearance, a prelude to softening. The metabolites and genes related to the resistance and energy interacted and restricted each other to keep noni fruit seemingly hard within two days after harvest, but actually the softening was already unstoppable. Conclusions This study provides a new insight into the relationship between the metabolites and genes of noni fruit, as well as a foundation for further clarification of the post-ripening mechanism in noni fruit.

scholarly journals LDH, CRP and ALB predict nucleic acid turn negative within 14 days in symptomatic patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 003693302199424
Author(s):  
Gaoli Liu ◽  
Bicheng Zhang ◽  
Shaowen Zhang ◽  
Haifeng Hu ◽  
TingTing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
The Relationship

Aims To search for biochemical indicators that can identify symptomatic patients with COVID-19 whose nucleic acid could turn negative within 14 days, and assess the prognostic value of these biochemical indicators in patients with COVID-19. Patients and methods We collected the clinical data of patients with COVID-19 admitted to our hospital, by using logistic regression analysis and AUC curves, explored the relationship between biochemical indicators and nucleic acid positive duration, the severity of COVID-19, and hospital stay respectively. Results A total of two hundred and thirty-three patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. We found patients whose nucleic acid turned negative within 14 days had lower LDH, CRP and higher ALB ( P < 0.05). ROC curve results indicated that lower LDH, TP, CRP and higher ALB predicted the nucleic acid of patients turned negative within 14 days with statistical significance( P < 0.05), AST, LDH, CRP and PCT predicted the severe COVID-19 with statistical significance, and CRP predicted hospital stay >31days with statistical significance ( P < 0.05). After verification, the probability of nucleic acid turning negative within 14 days in patients with low LDH (<256 U/L), CRP (<44.5 mg/L) and high ALB (>35.8 g/L) was about 4 times higher than that in patients with high LDH, CRP and low ALB ( P < 0.05). Conclusions LDH, CRP and ALB are useful prognostic marker for predicting nucleic acid turn negative within 14 days in symptomatic patients with COVID-19.

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