scholarly journals The Effect of Spatial Ability in Learning From Static and Dynamic Visualizations: A Moderation Analysis in 6-Year-Old Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anis Ben Chikha ◽  
Aïmen Khacharem ◽  
Khaled Trabelsi ◽  
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Mental Effort ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Moderation Analysis ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Dynamic Visualizations ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Motor Actions

Previous studies with adult human participants revealed mixed effects regarding the relation between spatial ability and visual instructions. In this study, we investigated this question in primary young children, and particularly we explored how young children with varying levels of spatial abilities integrate information from both static and dynamic visualizations. Children (M = 6.5 years) were instructed to rate their invested mental effort and reproduce the motor actions presented from static and dynamic 3D visualizations. The results indicated an interaction of spatial ability and type of visualization: high spatial ability children benefited particularly from the animation, while low spatial ability learners did not, confirming therefore the ability-as-enhancer hypothesis. The study suggests that an understanding of children spatial ability is essential to enhance learning from external visualizations.

Development and Validity of Questionnaire for Healthy Adult Human Participants of Early Phase Bioequivalence Pharmacokinetic Endpoint Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Sharad Desai ◽  
Nilesh Patel
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Domain Identification ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Validation Of Questionnaire

Participation of humans in clinical research is always remained questionable. Hence evaluation of such doubt helps to conclude the perception about such participation. This research presents the process for development and validation of questionnaire for Healthy Adult Human Participants of Early Phase Bioequivalence Pharmacokinetic Endpoint Study. For development of questionnaire, literature search, experts’ discussion and authors’ experience was used for domain identification and its segregation for different variables. For validity of questionnaire, face validity and content validity was performed. Modification was done based on response from experts during non-quantitative face validity. % of overall agreement was 94.55 for question asked in face validity. While, Content Validity Ratio and Content Validity Index was calculated using the process mentioned by Lawshe and Lynn respectively. Initially 83 items were identified but based on validation 84 items were finalized after removal of three and addition of four questions. Deleted three items had Content Validity Ratio of 0.00, 0.67 and 0.67 and which were below accepted level of 0.99. While, I-CVI was observed from range of 0.83 to 1.00 and S-CVI values were above acceptable level of 0.90 for S-CVI (S-CVI/ Ave) and 0.80 for S-CVI (S-CVI/UA) for whole questionnaire and each part.

REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES AND THE MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD BEHAVIOURS

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Carr ◽  
Janet Carr
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Resistance To Extinction ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Formal Controls ◽  
Variable Reinforcement

Where a behaviour has been maintained on a variable schedule of reinforcement theoretically it should be possible to reduce resistance to extinction by first putting the behaviour onto a continuous schedule of reinforcement. This approach has been employed in animal research but rarely with human participants, and where it has, with little success. This study describes the use of the approach to overcome some minor problems in the behaviour of young children, the problems being sufficiently troublesome for the parents to consult their GP. All the families who used the approach were successful in remediating the behaviour. Some reasons for this success, in contrast with the disappointing outcomes of some of the earlier research, are discussed. Although the study lacks formal controls it is suggested that the approach could be usefully applied to other common childhood behaviours that have been subjected to variable reinforcement.

scholarly journals The Effects of Dora the Explorer on Preschool Children's Spatial Concept Acquisition and Spatial Ability

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Duriye Esra Angın
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Meaningful Difference ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Spatial Concept ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of Dora the Explorer cartoon on the spatial concept acquisitions and spatial abilities of the preschool children. The study was carried out with 80, 60-71 month old children attending preschools. Post-test only control group model is used in the research in order to identify the existing phenomena in a controlled manner. “The Bracken Basic Concept Scale, Third Edition: Receptive (BBCSIII:R) Form Direction/Position Subscale” and two different “Spatial Ability Games” were used to assess children’s spatial concept acquisitions and spatial abilities. Independent sample t-test was used in order to compare the average of post-test scores of the children in the experimental and control groups. According to the findings, it is found that there is meaningful difference between scores of post-tests of direction/position subscale and spatial ability games score. Comparing the scores of post-test of direction/position subscale and spatial ability games of experimental and control groups, it was found that there was a meaningful differentiation in favor of experimental group.

scholarly journals Bagaimana Mengembangkan Kemampuan Spasial dalam Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah?: Suatu Tinjauan Literatur

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
S Sudirman ◽  
Fiki Alghadari
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Spatial Language ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Folding Paper

Spatial ability is an important one of the abilities for completing many tasks in everyday life successfully. Spatial ability is considered a type of different ability to others. Therefore, there needs a study on how are the characteristics of spatial abilities and to develop in schools. This paper is to reveal the ways are developing spatial abilities in learning mathematics. Based on literature review from some research, at least that there are six ways to develop spatial abilities in learning mathematics, namely: (1) using spatial language in daily interactions; (2) teaching for sketching and drawing; (3) using a suitable game; (4) using a tangram; (5) using video games; and (6) origami and folding paper. Playing video games like Tetris are exercises for spatial relations, mental rotation, spatial orientation, and spatial visualization.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the relationship between spatial abilities and anatomy learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Mustafa Aydın ◽  
Mehmet Tuğrul Yılmaz ◽  
Muzaffer Şeker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mental Rotation Test ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the spatial abilities of medical school students and their learning in anatomy. Methods: The spatial abilities of the 120 students (74 females, 46 males) were examined using Mental Rotation Test (MRT). The relationship between the mental rotation scores and the mean scores of their practical and theoretical anatomy examinations was determined in terms of gender. Results: The study revealed that mental rotation skills of female participants were lower than males; however, there was no significant difference in their exam (theoretical and practical anatomy examinations) scores in terms of gender. The spatial ability of the students had a low level significant effect on their anatomy scores, regarding practical applications. Conclusion: The results of the study revealed a significant relationship between students’ spatial ability and their success in practical anatomy examinations. This suggests that improving spatial ability skills may have a significant contribution to practical anatomy learning and may be considered as a part of anatomy education.

scholarly journals Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Kemampuan Spasial Matematis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Citra Utami
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Abstract:The mistake in solving the problems are important to know. One of the most important skills, especially in the field of geometry, is mathematical spatial ability. Therefore, this study aims to determine the form of student mistakes in solving mathematical spatial ability questions. This research is descriptive qualitative. The instrument used was a test of students' mathematical spatial abilities. The subjects in this study were students of class XA who attended one of the Madrasa Aliyah Swasta in Singkawang, totaling 30 people. The results showed that the form of the mistake made by students in solving problems included: 1) misconceptions consisted of errors in determining the position of the image, errors in drawing, errors in determining the formula for the distance from the point to the line, and errors in determining the formula for the distance from the point to the field; and 2) operating errors consist of errors in the calculation process.Abstrak:Kesalahan dalam menyelesaikan soal merupakan suatu informasi yang penting untuk diketahui. Salah satu kemampuan yang penting dikuasai khususnya pada bidang geometri adalah kemampuan spasial matematis. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal kemampuan spasial matematis. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes kemampuan spasial matematis siswa. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XA yang bersekolah di salah satu Madrasa Aliyah Swasta di Singkawang yang berjumlah 30 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal meliputi: 1) kesalahan konsep terdiri dari kesalahan dalam menentukan posisi gambar, kesalahan dalam menggambar, kesalahan dalam menentukan rumus jarak titik ke garis, dan kesalahan dalam menentukan rumus jarak titik ke bidang; dan 2) kesalahan operasi terdiri dari kesalahan dalam melakukan proses perhitungan.

Effects of Musical Tempo and Mode on Arousal, Mood, and Spatial Abilities

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Husain ◽  
William Forde Thompson ◽  
E. Glenn Schellenberg
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Spatial Task ◽  
Mozart Effect ◽  
Minor Mode ◽  
Musical Tempo ◽  
Slow Tempo

We examined effects of tempo and mode on spatial ability, arousal, and mood. A Mozart sonata was performed by a skilled pianist and recorded as a MIDI file. The file was edited to produce four versions that varied in tempo (fast or slow) and mode (major or minor). Participants listened to a single version and completed measures of spatial ability, arousal, and mood. Performance on the spatial task was superior after listening to music at a fast rather than a slow tempo, and when the music was presented in major rather than minor mode. Tempo manipulations affected arousal but not mood, whereas mode manipulations affected mood but not arousal. Changes in arousal and mood paralleled variation on the spatial task. The findings are consistent with the view that the "Mozart effect" is a consequence of changes in arousal and mood.

User’s Experience with a 3D Educational Mobile Game to Support Spatial Instruction

2013 ◽  
pp. 261-273
Author(s):  
Norena Martin-Dorta ◽  
Isabel Sanchez-Berriel ◽  
Jose Luis Saorin ◽  
Manuel Contero
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
User Evaluation ◽  
Spatial Skills ◽  
Mobile Game ◽  
3D Environment ◽  
Critical Skills

Spatial abilities are critical skills in scientific and technical fields. In recent studies, the role of computer games, particularly those with 3-D simulations, have been examined for their impact on the development of spatial skills. The work presented in this chapter describes the design and user evaluation of a 3D construction mobile game called iCube. A trial version was brought out and evaluated by twenty-two students. Users pointed out that the game is useful for improvement of spatial ability and is fun. However, some difficulties arose with use of the tactile screen, as fingerprints caused problems while interacting with the game’s 3D environment. The results revealed that it is necessary to have this item in mind during the game’s design, where screen action is continuous.

What's So Special About Spatial?

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-73
Author(s):  
Cigdem Uz Bilgin ◽  
Melat R. Anteneh ◽  
Meredith Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Spatial Skills ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Spatial Assessment ◽  
Spatial Understanding ◽  
Excellent Tool

Virtual reality (VR) technology has been steadily used for research purposes over the past few decades and is now gaining attraction in educational settings. Spatial understanding of learners is one of these research topics. Although there are plenty of studies focusing on VR and spatial abilities separately, there has not been a comprehensive review of papers that focus specifically on both VR and spatial ability. To address this question, an electronic search of articles from 2015 to 2019 was conducted that found 923 articles, 26 of which met the criteria of specifically discussing 'spatial abilities' and 'VR environments'. Eleven out of 26 articles reported the reason for using VR as a spatial assessment tool. The most frequently-mentioned spatial ability that was studied was mental rotation ability. This review revealed a special link between spatial ability and VR. VR can be both diagnostic and therapeutic for spatial skills; VR is an excellent tool for examining spatial ability in individuals and also individuals can enhance their spatial abilities through using virtual reality.

Some Empirical Results Concerning Causal Learning and Representation

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-226
Author(s):  
James Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Causal Learning ◽  
Additional Structure ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Causal Representation ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
Causal Cognition ◽  
Over Time

This chapter explores some empirical results bearing on the descriptive and normative adequacy of different accounts of causal learning and representation. It begins by contrasting associative accounts with accounts that attribute additional structure to causal representation, arguing in favor of the latter. Empirical results supporting the claim that adult humans often reason about causal relationships using interventionist counterfactuals are presented. Contrasts between human and nonhuman primate causal cognition are also discussed, as well as some experiments concerning causal cognition in young children. A proposal about what is involved in having adult human causal representations is presented and some issues about how these might develop over time are explored.

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