scholarly journals “Doing Things Together Is What It’s About”: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Experience of Group Therapeutic Songwriting From the Perspectives of People With Dementia and Their Family Caregivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imogen N. Clark ◽  
Felicity A. Baker ◽  
Jeanette Tamplin ◽  
Young-Eun C. Lee ◽  
Alice Cotton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Musical Background ◽  
Meaningful Experiences

BackgroundThe wellbeing of people living with dementia and their family caregivers may be impacted by stigma, changing roles, and limited access to meaningful opportunities as a dyad. Group therapeutic songwriting (TSW) and qualitative interviews have been utilized in music therapy research to promote the voices of people with dementia and family caregivers participating in separate songwriting groups but not together as dyads.ProceduresThis study aimed to explore how ten people with dementia/family caregiver dyads experienced a 6-week group TSW program. Dyads participated in homogenous TSW groups involving 2–4 dyads who were either living together in the community (2 spousal groups) or living separately because the person with dementia resided in a care home (1 family group, 1 spousal group). The TSW program, informed by personhood, couplehood, family centered and group process frameworks, involved creating original lyrics through song parody and song collage. Qualified Music Therapists facilitated sessions and interviewed each dyad separately. Interviews were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.FindingsFive recurrent group themes were developed, indicating group TSW: (1) was a positive shared experience, benefiting both members of the dyad and motivating further engagement with music; (2) stimulated mental processes and reignited participants’ interests and skills; (3) provided meaningful opportunities for reflection and connection with memories and life experiences; and (4) prompted interaction and collaboration, leading to social connections, empathic relationships and experiences of inclusion. Participants also highlighted how: (5) the facilitated process supported engagement, highlighting abilities and challenging doubts.ConclusionDyads identified group TSW as an opportunity to recognize strengths, voice ideas and opinions, share meaningful experiences, and do “more with music.” Participants valued TSW as a new, creative and stimulating experience that enabled connection with self and others and led to feelings of pride and achievement. Our findings further recognize how therapeutic intention and approach were reflected in participants’ engagement and responses regardless of dementia stage and type, dyad relationship, or musical background. This research may broaden perspectives and expand understanding about how people with dementia and their family caregivers access and engage in music therapy.

scholarly journals What is the meaning of filial piety for people with dementia and their family caregivers in China under the current social transitions? An interpretative phenomenological analysis

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2620-2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiubin Zhang ◽  
Charlotte L. Clarke ◽  
Sarah J. Rhynas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Filial Obligation ◽  
Social Transitions ◽  
People With Dementia

The filial piety model of family centred care has dominated Chinese society for thousands of years. The ways in which filial piety is presented are being modified and modernised as China undergoes social transitions. The study aims to understand the meaning of filial piety for people with dementia and family caregivers. Semi-structured interviews with people with dementia ( n = 10) and family caregivers ( n = 14) were conducted. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three themes emerged: (a) ‘Being filial is a cultural continuity and my future investment’. (b) ‘The changed perception and ways of being filial’. (c) ‘Filial responsibility is a social and cultural convention, but not my personal choice’. This study highlights the importance of cultural values in family care decision making and in shaping filial responsibilities. It indicates that filial obligation can be maintained through social support, even though the nature of filial piety has been changed by social transitions.

scholarly journals Making Qualitative Interviews in Music Therapy Research More Accessible for Participants Living With Dementia – Reflections on Development and Implementation of Interview Guidelines

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 160940692110470
Author(s):  
Zara Thompson ◽  
Felicity Anne Baker ◽  
Imogen Nicola Clark ◽  
Jeanette Tamplin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Building Rapport

Purpose. This paper reports findings from a project that sought to develop accessible guidelines for including people with dementia in qualitative interviews in a music therapy study, based on experience from people previously involved in qualitative music therapy research. Method. People with previous experience of qualitative music therapy research were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews about how the interview process could be made more accessible. Participants included four family-caregivers and three music therapy-researchers. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings were used to develop guidelines for a subsequent study; reflections on the implementation of these guidelines are provided. Results. Five themes were identified: (a) motivators and barriers to participating in interviews; (b) pragmatic elements that impact interview participation; (c) relationship dynamics may impact the interview; (d) familiarity fosters comfort, enables preparation and support and (e) broader considerations for accessible research design. Conclusions. Themes identified align with reports from the extant literature. Reflections on implementation of the guidelines reveal the need for more clarity around the ethics of building rapport in qualitative research. Implications about future uses of the guidelines, including the use of music as a research tool are discussed.

Stress as Experienced by People with Dementia: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Dementia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1427-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara K Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Person With Dementia ◽  
The Impact

Health and social care research on stress in dementia has predominantly considered the stress experienced by family and professional carers. Focus on the person with dementia has frequently laid emphasis on the impact of stress-related behaviour on others and how such behaviour might be ‘managed’. This paper describes a qualitative study which gives voice to people with dementia on the subject of stress and responds to the need for a better understanding of stress as it is experienced by people with dementia themselves. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted on data collected from a purposive sample of people diagnosed with varying types of dementia from across Scotland. Discussions across five focus groups consisting of 21 participants with dementia in total generated data which was audio and video recorded, and analysed thematically. Five key themes emerged, described in the participants’ own words, which were: (1) ‘Something’s torn, your life’s torn’; (2) ‘Families can bring stress’; (3) ‘It’s the stress of living with dementia’; (4) ‘A whole new set of rules’; and (5) ‘It’s our lives and we’ll get it under control ourselves’. These themes reflect experiences of loss, challenges to one’s sense of self, relationship dynamics, living with the symptoms of dementia, learning to do things differently and establishing coping mechanisms that provide control. Study participants illustrated individual potential for adapting and coping with some of the most stressful aspects of living with dementia, challenging assumptions of inevitable fixed decline and progressive vulnerability to stress. Participants describe a process of recovery in their perceptions of self-worth, purpose and value in life following diagnosis.

scholarly journals MEDREV: feasibility study of a combined pharmacy–health psychology intervention to improve care for people with dementia with behaviour that challenges in care homes

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp19X703253
Author(s):  
Ian Maidment
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
People With Dementia

Background‘Behaviour that Challenges’ is common in older people with dementia in care homes and treated with antipsychotics. Policy is focused on reducing the use of antipsychotics in people with dementia and therefore reducing harm. This submission reports results on a NIHR-funded feasibility study MEDREV.AimTo assess the feasibility of medication review by a specialist dementia care pharmacist combined with staff training with the objective of limiting the inappropriate use of psychotropics.MethodCare homes were recruited. People meeting the inclusion (dementia; medication for behaviour that challenges), or their personal consultee, were approached. A specialist dementia care pharmacist reviewed medication and made recommendations. Care staff received a 3-hour training session promoting person-centred care and GPs’ brief training. Data were collected on recruitment and retention, and implementation of recommendations. Other outcomes included the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home version, quality of life (EQ-5D/DEMQoL), cognition (sMMSE), and health economic (CSRI). Qualitative interviews explored expectations and experiences.ResultsMedication reviews were conducted in 29 of 34 residents recruited and the pharmacist recommended reviewing medication in 21 of these. Fifteen (71.4%) of these were antidepressants: 57.1% (12 of 21) of recommendations were implemented and implementation took a mean of 98.4 days. Non-implementation themes for will be presented. One hundred and sixty-four care staff received training (care homes = 142; primary care = 22). Twenty-one participants (care home managers = 5; GPs = 3; nurses = 2; care staff = 11) were interviewed.ConclusionThe study was feasible, although the approach would need modification to improve the uptake of reviews and reduce the delay in implementation. Most of the recommendations related to antidepressants.

scholarly journals A qualitative study of how self-harm starts and continues among Chinese adolescents

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Runsen Chen ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Li Lu ◽  
Amanda Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Online Chat ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
First Time

Background It is essential to investigate the experiences behind why adolescents start and continue to self-harm in order to develop targeted treatment and prevent future self-harming behaviours. Aims The aims of this study are to understand the motivations for initiating and repeating nonfatal self-harm, the different methods used between first-time and repeated self-harm and the reasons that adolescents do not seek help from health services. Methods Adolescents with repeated nonfatal self-harm experiences were recruited to participate in individual, semi-structured qualitative interviews. The interviews were analysed with interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results We found that nonfatal self-harm among adolescents occurred comparatively early and was often triggered by specific reasons. However, the subsequent nonfatal self-harm could be causeless, with repeated self-harm becoming a maladaptive coping strategy to handle daily pressure and negative emotions. The choice of tools used was related to the ease of accessibility, the life-threatening risk and the size of the scars. Adolescents often concealed their scars on purpose, which made early identification insufficient. Peer influence, such as online chat groups encouraging self-harm by discussing and sharing self-harm pictures, could also lead to increased self-harm. The results also included participants’ opinions on how to stop nonfatal self-harm and their dissatisfaction with the current healthcare services. Conclusions The current study provides important implications both for early identification and interventions for adolescents who engage in repeated nonfatal self-harm, and for individualising treatment planning that benefits them. It is also worthwhile to further investigate how peer influence and social media may affect self-harm in adolescents.

scholarly journals The Role of Reading Classic Fiction in Book Groups for People with Dementia is Better Understood through Use of a Qualitative Feasibility Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Marie Muellenbach
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Memory Aids ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Book Groups

A Review of: Rimkeit, B.S. and Claridge, G. (2017). Peer reviewed: literary Alzheimer’s, a qualitative feasibility study of dementia-friendly book groups. New Zealand Library & Information Management Journal, 56(2), 14-22. https://figshare.com/articles/Literary_Alzheimer_s_A_qualitative_feasibility_study_of_dementia-friendly_book_groups/5715052/1   Abstract Objective – To explore how people living with dementia experience reading classic fiction in book groups and what benefits this intervention provides.  Design – Qualitative feasibility study. Setting – Day centre within a care home in the North Island of New Zealand. Subjects – Eight participants with a medical diagnosis of dementia – four community dwellers who attend day centers, and four residents of a secure dementia unit in a care home. Methods – Investigators used surveys, focus groups, and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), for ideographic analysis of the data.  Main results – Following analysis of the focus book group data, three superordinate, with related subordinate, themes were found: 1) the participant as a lively reader. The participants shared childhood memories of reading and when they became adults, how they encouraged reading within the household and with their own children. Subordinate themes included: recall, liveliness of discussion, and interest in reading and book clubs; 2) the participant as guardian of the voice of Dickens. Participants believed that, when the language is simplified, the beauty and rich imagery of Dickens is lost. Subordinate themes included: oversimplifying “loses the voice of Dickens”, familiarity, and continued play on words; and 3) the participant as a discerning book reviewer. The participants offered a number of ‘dementia-friendly’ suggestions, including the use of memory aids and simplifying text. Subordinate themes were expressed as four recommendations: use cast of characters; illustrations pick up the energy of the story, but balance quantity with risk of being childish; the physical quality of the text and paper; and chunk quantity of text while keeping the style of the original author. The choice of using classic fiction that was already well known was validated by the participants, who had some preconceptions about Ebenezer Scrooge, and described him by using epithets such as mean, an old bastard, and ugly. The participants found the investigators’ adapted version to be oversimplified, as short excerpts of the original Dickens seemed to evoke emotional and aesthetic responses of appreciation. Therefore, when creating adaptations, it is important to preserve the beauty of the original writing as much as possible. Conclusion – This qualitative feasibility study has provided a better understanding of how people living with dementia experience classic fiction in shared book groups. For individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, language skills may be well-preserved until later in the disease course. For example, the focus group participants demonstrated an appreciation and command of language, as well as enthusiasm and excitement in the sharing of the original Dickens with others. They suggested the use of memory aids, such as including a cast of characters, and repeating the referent newly on each page. Participants also suggested that the adapted version be shortened, to use a large font, and to include plenty of pictures. The choice of using classic fiction was validated by the participants, as they found these tales comforting and familiar, particularly when they included such colorful characters as Ebenezer Scrooge. Finally, people living with dementia should be encouraged to enjoy books for the same reason other adults love to read – primarily for the creative process. Classic fiction may be adapted to enhance readability, but the adaptation must be done in a thoughtful manner. While memory deficits occur in Alzheimer’s disease, an appreciation of complex language may be preserved until the later disease stages.

Developing relationships between care staff and people with dementia through Music Therapy and Dance Movement Therapy: A preliminary phenomenological study

Dementia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Melhuish ◽  
Catherine Beuzeboc ◽  
Azucena Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Movement Therapy ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Dance Movement Therapy ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Impact

Background There is an increasing focus on providing effective psychosocial interventions to improve quality of life in dementia care. This study aims to explore the attitudes and perceptions of staff who participated regularly in Music Therapy (MT) and Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) groups for residents with dementia in a nursing home. Method In-depth interviews were conducted with seven members of care home staff. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results A representation modelling the impact of MT and DMT in a nursing care home. Three main themes were identified. 1) Discovering residents' skills and feelings; 2) Learning from the therapists to change approaches to care practice with subthemes: time, space and pace, choice, following the residents' lead; 3) Connection between staff and residents. Conclusion The model indicated that both interventions performed in parallel helped staff to discover residents' skills and feelings. Although it is a small sample size, this study strongly suggests that MT and DMT can have a positive influence in helping care staff to provide a meaningful care environment.

Experiences of shame for people with dementia: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Dementia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1896-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Aldridge ◽  
Paul Fisher ◽  
Ken Laidlaw
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Published Research

Studies highlight that shame can be problematic for people with early-stage dementia. However, no published research has specifically explored experiences of shame in dementia from the perspective of the individual. This study uses Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to gain an understanding of how shame is experienced and made sense of by six people with early-stage dementia. Individual, semi-structured interviews took place in participants’ homes. An in-depth analysis of the data revealed four superordinate themes implicated in shame experiences: Avoidance explains the participants’ efforts to distance themselves from shaming experiences; participants reported Negative self-perceptions including a weakening self, loss of value and meaninglessness; Relationship matters involved issues around trust, burden and past relationships and Uncertainty and loss of control highlights participants’ anxiety about losing clarity and control. Ideas are contributed for promoting non-shaming experiences for people with dementia, particularly through communication during assessment and diagnosis, and psychological therapies.

Forgiving a Genocide: Reconciliation Processes between Hutu and Tutsi in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-448
Author(s):  
Ángela Ordóñez-Carabaño ◽  
María Prieto-Ursúa
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Rwandan Genocide ◽  
Reconciliation Process ◽  
Research Show

The purpose of this research was to study the interviewees’ experience of their reconciliation process and the influence of the Amataba Workshops on their healing process. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with five pairs ( N = 10) of Tutsi survivors of the Rwandan genocide and their perpetrators, members of the Hutu majority; they had all participated in an intervention to promote reconciliation. The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method was chosen to study the transcripts. Analysis resulted in nine main relevant categories that should be taken into account while designing a reconciliation-oriented intervention, including truth, listening to each other, justice, repairing the damage, and collaboration on joint projects. The results of this research show how these processes can occur when reconciliation-oriented interventions are facilitated. For some interviewees, these workshops have become a crucial turning point and helped them set aside the hatred and pain.

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