scholarly journals Resolving Conflicts Between People and Over Time in the Transformation Toward Sustainability: A Framework of Interdependent Conflicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann M. Majer ◽  
Matthias Barth ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Marie van Treek ◽  
Roman Trötschel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Transition Management ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
Psychological Barriers ◽  
Intergenerational Conflicts ◽  
Negotiation Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

Transformative and mutually beneficial solutions require decision-makers to reconcile present- and future interests (i.e., intrapersonal conflicts over time) and to align them with those of other decision-makers (i.e., interpersonal conflicts between people). Despite the natural co-occurrence of intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts in the transformation toward sustainability, both types of conflicts have been studied predominantly in isolation. In this conceptual article, we breathe new life into the traditional dialog between individual decision-making and negotiation research and address critical psychological barriers to the transformation toward sustainability. In particular, we argue that research on intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts should be tightly integrated to provide a richer understanding of the interplay between these conflicts. We propose a novel, unifying framework of interdependent conflicts that systematically structures this interplay, and we analyze how complex interdependencies between the social (i.e., conflict between decision-makers) and temporal (i.e., conflict within a decision-maker) dimensions pose fundamental psychological barriers to mutually beneficial solutions. Since challenges to conflict resolution in the transformation toward sustainability emerge not only between individual decision-makers but also frequently between groups of decision-makers, we scale the framework up to the level of social groups and thereby provide an interdependent-conflicts perspective on the interplay between intra- and intergenerational conflicts. Overall, we propose simple, testable propositions, identify intervention approaches, and apply them to transition management. By analyzing the challenges faced by negotiating parties during interdependent conflicts and highlighting potential intervention approaches, we contribute to the transformation toward sustainability. Finally, we discuss implications of the framework and point to avenues for future research.

Contributing for Myself, but Free riding for My Group?

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Iida ◽  
Christiane Schwieren
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Real World ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Good Game ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
General Difference

Abstract Many real-world decisions are made by individuals as representatives of groups. Most research, however, studies either individuals or groups as decision-makers. This paper explores whether there is a general difference between a decision made as an individual and as a representative of a group in the context of a public good game. We conducted a series of experiments to test this question and to understand mechanisms contributing to potential differences. We found that representatives contributed less than individuals when they could not communicate with their constituency. However, when they could discuss their strategy before playing, they contributed at least as much as individual decision-makers. Furthermore, when they could justify their decision after playing, they contributed even more than individual decision-makers. We discuss potential reasons for this and directions for future research.

scholarly journals From robots to social robots. Trends, representation and Facebook engagement of robot-related news stories published by Italian online news media

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Righetti ◽  
Marco Carradore
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Online News ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Over Time

In recent decades, robots, social robots and artificial intelligence have increasingly entered daily life, affirming their presence not only in traditional spheres such as industrial production, but also gaining access to social reproduction, expressive functions and domestic activities. Considering the social relevance robots have now acquired, this essay aims at investigating their cultural representations in Italian online news media. More specifically, the study investigates trends of robot-related topics in online newspaper coverage and Facebook engagement over time, and analyzes news topics through text mining techniques. The study relies on a dataset of about 3,000 news stories published between 2014 and 2018 by some 100 different Italian news media. Results show a constant increase in news relating to robots, a major interest in work issues and a thematic shift over time: more recent topics describe the social-reproduction functions of robots. Finally, some suggestions for future research are outlined.

Alcohol During Pregnancy from 1985 to 2005: Prevalence and High Risk Profile

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Pfinder ◽  
Reinhold Feldmann ◽  
Stefan Liebig
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Future Research ◽  
German Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
German Children ◽  
Over Time

Aims: This study aimed 1. to examine the prevalence of German children born with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) from 1985 to 2005, and asked 2. whether it differed on levels of socioeconomic status (SES) and 3. whether there are differences between abstainers and drinkers during pregnancy in regard to physical, behavioural and sociodemographic features. Methods: 16 978 German mothers, enrolled in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (KiGGS) were studied. Results: Between 1985 and 2005 13.5 percent of the children were born with PAE. No stable decrease was found over time. Over 20 years, the prevalence of children born with PAE was highest in the upper class. Drinkers differed from abstainers in regard to physical, behavioural and sociodemographic characteristics. High SES women were on a higher risk of alcohol intake during pregnancy. Conclusions: The prevalence of children born with PAE over time indicates that alcohol intake during pregnancy needs further interventions and prevention as no long-lasting decrease was found in the years from 1985 to 2005. Alcohol intake during pregnancy was and still is an issue in women from the upper class. Future research should therefore aim to explain the social gradient.

Social Norms in Organizations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Dannals ◽  
Dale T. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Descriptive Norms ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Norm Emergence ◽  
Over Time

Social norms are a powerful force in organizations. While different literatures across fields have developed differing definitions and categories, social norms are commonly defined as and divided into descriptive norms, i.e., the most commonly enacted behavior, and prescriptive norms, i.e., the behavior most commonly viewed as acceptable or appropriate. Different literatures have also led to differing focuses of investigation for social norms research. Economic theorists have tended to examine social norm emergence by studying how social norms evolve to reduce negative or create positive externalities in situations. Organizational theorists and sociologists have instead focused on the social pressures which maintain social norms in groups over time, and eventually can lead group members to internalize the social norm. In contrast, social psychologists have tended to focus on how to use social norms in interventions aimed at reducing negative behaviors. Integrating these divergent streams of research proves important for future research.

Individualism-collectivism cultural differences in performance feedback theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-364
Author(s):  
Mooweon Rhee ◽  
Valerie Alexandra ◽  
K. Skylar Powell
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aspiration Levels ◽  
Decision Making Processes

PurposePerformance feedback theory (PFT) has informed analyses in numerous national contexts and has been used to explain various business and management activities of firms. Stemming from behavioral theory and grounded in a cognitive perspective, which views organizational actions as being the results of decisions produced by groups of individual decision-makers, PFT research has mostly assumed the universal nature of cognition and decision-making processes. However, PFT also presumes that individual decision-makers bring with them different backgrounds and experiences. Hence, this paper offers propositions on how cultural differences in individualism-collectivism influence the major components of PFT, including the formation and revision of performance goals (aspiration levels), and search behaviors and risk preferences in response to gaps between goals and actual performance. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.Design/methodology/approachThis paper offers theoretical propositions for the above purpose.FindingsThis is not an empirical analysis.Originality/valueBy integrating the individualism-collectivism differences framework into the PFT model, the authors answer previous calls to integrate concepts and frameworks from other theories into PFT while considering the role of cultural differences in aspiration-consequence relationships. Additionally, much of PFT research has focused on outcomes, while actual internal processes have remained unobserved. By focusing on how cultural differences influence various PFT processes, this conceptual analysis sheds light on the unobserved bounds of decision-makers' cognitions.

Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

Domestic Integration and Suicide in the Provinces of Canada

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon A. Leenaars ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Over Time

Canada's rate of suicide varies from province to province. The classical theory of suicide, which attempts to explain the social suicide rate, stems from Durkheim, who argued that low levels of social integration and regulation are associated with high rates of suicide. The present study explored whether social factors (divorce, marriage, and birth rates) do in fact predict suicide rates over time for each province (period studied: 1950-1990). The results showed a positive association between divorce rates and suicide rates, and a negative association between birth rates and suicide rates. Marriage rates showed no consistent association, an anomaly as compared to research from other nations.

Current Postvention Research and Priorities for the Future

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Andriessen ◽  
Dolores Angela Castelli Dransart ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Myfanwy Maple
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Intercultural Collaboration ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Suicide Bereavement ◽  
Ethical Approval

Abstract. Background: Suicide can have a lasting impact on the social life as well as the physical and mental health of the bereaved. Targeted research is needed to better understand the nature of suicide bereavement and the effectiveness of support. Aims: To take stock of ongoing studies, and to inquire about future research priorities regarding suicide bereavement and postvention. Method: In March 2015, an online survey was widely disseminated in the suicidology community. Results: The questionnaire was accessed 77 times, and 22 records were included in the analysis. The respondents provided valuable information regarding current research projects and recommendations for the future. Limitations: Bearing in mind the modest number of replies, all from respondents in Westernized countries, it is not known how representative the findings are. Conclusion: The survey generated three strategies for future postvention research: increase intercultural collaboration, increase theory-driven research, and build bonds between research and practice. Future surveys should include experiences with obtaining research grants and ethical approval for postvention studies.

Ukrainian migrant women’s social remittances: Contents and effects on families left behind

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Alice Vianello
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Social Remittances ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Intergenerational Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right

This article examines different forms of Ukrainian migrant women’s social remittances, articulating some results of two ethnographic studies: one focused on the migration of Ukrainian women to Italy, and the other on the social impact of emigration in Ukraine. First, the paper illustrates the patterns of monetary remittance management, which will be defined as a specific form of social remittance, since they are practices shaped by systems of norms challenged by migration. In the second part, the article moves on to discuss other types of social remittances transferred by migrant women to their families left behind: the right of self-care and self-realisation; the recognition of alternative and more women-friendly life-course patterns; consumption styles and ideas on economic education. Therefore, I will explore the contents of social remittances, but also the gender and intergenerational conflicts that characterise these flows of cultural resources. 

The Social Neuroscience of Cooperation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Joseph Van Bavel
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
A Value ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cooperative Decision Making

We review literature from several fields to describe common experimental tasks used to measure human cooperation as well as the theoretical models that have been used to characterize cooperative decision-making, as well as brain regions implicated in cooperation. Building on work in neuroeconomics, we suggest a value-based account may provide the most powerful understanding the psychology and neuroscience of group cooperation. We also review the role of individual differences and social context in shaping the mental processes that underlie cooperation and consider gaps in the literature and potential directions for future research on the social neuroscience of cooperation. We suggest that this multi-level approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of the mental and neural processes that underlie the decision to cooperate with others.

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