How Institutional Evaluation Bridges Uncertainty and Happiness: A Study of Young Chinese People

Uncertainty triggers negative psychological responses, while positive institutional evaluations elevate the sense of control in individuals and satisfy their need for structure and order. Data from the 2015 Chinese Social Survey (CSS) (N = 4,605) demonstrated that objective uncertainty negatively predicted the happiness of young people (aged 18–45 years). However, this negative relationship was attenuated among those who evaluated the institutional system (e.g., social security, local government effectiveness, and trust in government) positively; in other words, positive institutional evaluation may have protected people's happiness from the threat of uncertainty. In addition, participants from different age groups evaluated the institutional system differently. The first generation born after the Chinese economic reform, which includes young people born in the 1980s (aged 26–35 years), had unique experiences compared to the preceding (aged 36–45 years, born in the 1970s) and succeeding (aged 18–25 years, born in the 1990s) generations. Among the three age groups, young people born in the 1980s held the least positive evaluation of the institutional system. The institutional evaluation also showed the weakest moderating effect on this group's happiness.

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Socioeconomic Status and the Frequency of Anger across the Life Course

Sociological Perspectives ◽

10.1525/sop.2003.46.2.207 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 207-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Scott Schieman

Keyword(s):

General Social Survey ◽

Age Groups ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Social Survey ◽

Financial Conditions ◽

Using Data ◽

The Life Course ◽

The Relationship ◽

Different Levels

Previous studies suggest that older people report less anger. However, little is known about the relationship between age and the frequency of anger among individuals with different levels of education and economic circumstances. Using data from the 1996 General Social Survey ( N = 1,442), I examine the effects of age on anger across levels of education and objective and subjective economic conditions. A significant and positive age × education interaction suggests that the negative relationship between age and the frequency of anger is stronger at lower levels of education. Adjustment for social roles and economic conditions fails to account for the age × education interaction effect. In addition, differences in anger between individuals who reported worsening financial conditions and those who reported that their finances improved or stayed the same are greatest among the youngest age groups, and the gap decreases at successively older age levels. I discuss the ways that these results contradict recent findings of SES-based age differences in depressive emotions and physical health status.

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Secularization among immigrants in Scandinavia: Religiosity across generations and duration of residence

Social Compass ◽

10.1177/0037768620948478 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 617-636

Author(s):

Isabella Kasselstrand ◽

Setareh Mahmoudi

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Family Background ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

European Social Survey ◽

Religious Identities ◽

Social Survey ◽

First Generation Immigrants ◽

Duration Of Residence ◽

Second Generation Immigrants ◽

Using Data

The integration of religious minorities within the secularized West has been a recurring topic of scholarly interest. Previous studies show that religious identities are shaped by family background and social context. Using data from the European Social Survey, this study turns to Scandinavia, the most secular region of the world, to examine religious salience among immigrants over time and across generations. The findings reveal that on most measures, second-generation immigrants are more secular than the first generation, but more religious than their native peers. However, individuals with one immigrant and one native parent are less likely to identify with a religion than other groups, including the native majority. Furthermore, among first-generation immigrants, there is a negative relationship between the duration of residence and religiosity. This study argues for the fluidity of religiosity among immigrants and the secularizing effect of structural agents on the salience of religious identities.

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Students’ Attitudes Towards Starting a Business, on the Example of Students at the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów (Poland)

e-Finanse ◽

10.2478/fiqf-2018-0030 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 90-103

Author(s):

Karolina Palimąka ◽

Jacek Rodzinka

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Young People ◽

Family Member ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Cross ◽

Students Attitudes ◽

The University ◽

Starting A Business

AbstractEntrepreneurship understood as a manifestation of economic activity is an issue widely discussed in literature, especially in the field of economics. Today, a large part of society is involved in establishing and running a business, hence the shaping of entrepreneurial behaviors gains importance among all age groups, especially young people. The main objective of the conducted research was to examine the interest in starting their own business by students and to verify whether the direction of their studies or role in the group affects the students’ willingness to start a business and whether a family member runs a business influences this interest and moreover, whether capital and the idea are the two main criteria conditioning the decision.. The conclusions were based on a study, i.e. (mainly) the cross-analysis of data collected as part of a survey conducted among students of the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów.

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Visual Attention and Aging: an Age-Related Cognitive Model of Positive Adaptation

European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education ◽

10.3390/ejihpe4030017 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 181-191

Author(s):

José Manuel Rodríguez-Ferrer

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Visual Attention ◽

Response Times ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cognitive Model ◽

Covert Attention ◽

Positive Adaptation ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Age Related ◽

Healthy Young People

We have studied the effects of normal aging on visual attention. Have participated a group of 38 healthy elderly people with an average age of 67.8 years and a group of 39 healthy young people with average age of 19.2 years. In a first experiment of visual detection, response times were recorded, with and without covert attention, to the presentation of stimuli (0.5º in diameter grey circles) appearing in three eccentricities (2.15, 3.83 and 5.53° of visual field) and with three levels of contrast (6, 16 and 78%). In a second experiment of visual form discrimination circles and squares with the same features as in the previous experiment were presented, but in this case subjects only should respond to the emergence of the circles. In both age groups, the covert attention reduced response times. Compared to young people, the older group achieved better results in some aspects of attention tests and response times were reduced more in the stimuli of greater eccentricity. The data suggest that there is a mechanism of adaptation in aging, in which visual attention especially favors the perception of those stimuli more difficult to detec

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Efficacy of first-generation Cavermap to verify location and function of cavernous nerves during radical prostatectomy: a multi-institutional evaluation by experienced surgeons

Urology ◽

10.1016/s0090-4295(00)01067-0 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 491-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Patrick C Walsh ◽

Penny Marschke ◽

William J Catalona ◽

Herbert Lepor ◽

Sighle Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radical Prostatectomy ◽

First Generation ◽

Institutional Evaluation ◽

Cavernous Nerves ◽

And Function

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Knowledge, attitudes and intention regarding mHealth in generation Y: evidence from a population based cross sectional study in Chakaria, Bangladesh

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016217 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. e016217 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M Shafiqur Rahman ◽

Syed Hanifi ◽

Fatema Khatun ◽

Mohammad Iqbal ◽

Sabrina Rasheed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Sex Education ◽

Mobile Phones ◽

Generation Y ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Age Groups ◽

Household Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Knowledge

Background and objectivesmHealth offers a new opportunity to ensure access to qualified healthcare providers. Therefore, to better understand its potential in Bangladesh, it is important to understand how young people use mobile phones for healthcare. Here we examine the knowledge, attitudes and intentions to use mHealth services among young population.DesignPopulation based cross sectional household survey.Setting and participantsA total of 4909 respondents, aged 18 years and above, under the Chakaria Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) area, were interviewed during the period November 2012 to April 2013.MethodsParticipants younger than 30 years of age were defined as young (or generation Y). To examine the level of knowledge about and intention towards mHealth services in generation Y compared with their older counterparts, the percentage of the respective outcome measure from a 2×2 contingency table and adjusted odds ratio (aOR), which controls for potential confounders such as mobile ownership, sex, education, occupation and socioeconomic status, were estimated. The aOR was estimated using both the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel approach and multivariable logistic regression models controlling for confounders.ResultsGeneration Y had significantly greater access to mobile phones (50%vs40%) and better knowledge about its use for healthcare (37.8%vs27.5%;aOR 1.6 (95% CI1.3 to 2.0)). Furthermore, the level of knowledge about two existing mHealth services in generation Y was significantly higher compared with their older counterparts, with aOR values of 3.2 (95% CI 2.6 to 5.5) and 1.5 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.8), respectively. Similarly, generation Y showed significantly greater intention towards future use of mHealth services compared with their older counterparts (aOR 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.4)). The observed associations were not modified by sociodemographic factors.ConclusionThere is a greater potential for mHealth services in the future among young people compared with older age groups. However, given the low overall use of mHealth, appropriate policy measures need to be formulated to enhance availability, access, utilisation and effectiveness of mHealth services.

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Thinking about ethnicity and gender diversity in children and young people

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/1359104518805801 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 291-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nastasja M de Graaf ◽

Ilham I Manjra ◽

Anna Hames ◽

Claudia Zitz

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Identity Development ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Gender Diversity ◽

Age Groups ◽

Chi Square ◽

Children And Young People ◽

And Gender ◽

The Uk ◽

Ethnicity Data

Background: Little is known about how social and cultural variants interact with gender identity development. This article aims to identify the ethnicities of children and young people referred to the United Kingdom’s national Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS), and compare the ethnicity data with the UK child population and referrals to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). Methods: GIDS referrals made between April 2012 and April 2015 for children and young people were retrieved. Ethnicity data were obtained by the ‘16 + 1’ ethnicity list. Chi-square and t-tests were performed on the demographics. Results: Less than 10% of the 995 referrals at GIDS were from Black and minority ethnic (BME) groups – an underrepresentation as compared with both the national population and CAMHS figures. No significant differences in ethnic representation were found between the demographic birth-assigned sexes, across age groups, or year of referral. Conclusions: Hypotheses proposed for this underrepresentation take into account both the potential barriers to accessing services and the possibility of cross-cultural variations in the conceptualisations of gender, gender roles and gender diversity. Ethnicity, culture and religion, and their overlapping relationship with gender need further exploration.

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Surveying support for child and youth political participation in Australia and New Zealand

10.26686/wgtn.14253335 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

LG Phillips ◽

Jenny Ritchie ◽

F Perales

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

New Zealand ◽

Political Participation ◽

Public Support ◽

Age Groups ◽

Children And Youth ◽

Social Survey ◽

Survey Question ◽

Party Preference ◽

United Nations Declaration

© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Recent decades have witnessed increased empirical and policy interest in children’s citizenship, particularly since the ratification of the United Nations Declaration of Children’s Rights. However, support for children’s active citizenship is often hindered by the pervasiveness of discourses that characterise children as innocent, developing, and free from responsibility. Public and governmental decision-making largely excludes children’s consultation and contributions, often determined by age alone. To quantifiably assess the amount of public support for children’s political participation, we commissioned a Likert scale survey question on degrees of support for children and youth (across four age groups between 3 and 18 year olds) having the opportunity to influence government decisions, in the Australian and New Zealand 2016 versions of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP). Analysis of responses to this question in relation to demographic survey data indicate variation in preferences for different age groups, and that age, gender, and political party preference of respondents were variables of significance for both nations. These variables point to potential predictors of attitudes toward political participation of children and youth which have relevance for policymakers and educators in relation to provision of programmes that will increase the engagement of children and youth in government decision-making.

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Households and families in Estonian population

Papers on Anthropology ◽

10.12697/poa.2020.29.1.07 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 86-104

Author(s):

Ene-Margit Tiit

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Married Couple ◽

Age Groups ◽

Household Type ◽

Men And Women ◽

First Marriage ◽

Age At First Marriage ◽

Single Person ◽

Estonian Population ◽

Size And Structure

The statistical distribution of households and families by their size and structure can be received from population and household censuses, but it is also important to know this information between the censuses, as changes during the ten-year period can be quite remarkable. It is demonstrated that, since the last census in Estonia in 2011, the share of older age-groups has increased and the rate of children – decreased. The age at first marriage has increased for men and women respectively by 3 and 4 months per year. Consequently, the share of young people living without a partner has increased, but the process is different in men and women. The number of divorces has dropped, but this seems to be caused by the decline of marriages during the last decades. The age of women giving birth has also increased. During the last years, the number of third children has increased, but the number of first children has decreased. The distribution of households by their types was also studied and is presented in Table 1. It is evident that about one-sixth of the population lives alone; single-person households form the most numerous household type in present-day Estonia. From all households containing a couple, somewhat more than two-thirds are households with a married couple, others are households with a cohabiting couple. In average, the first ones are much older than the second ones. The number of households where two or more generations live together is marginal.

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Consumption among young activists

The monitoring of public opinion economic&social changes ◽

10.14515/monitoring.2019.1.04 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Elvira M. Arif

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Data Collection ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Age Groups ◽

Project Manager ◽

Consumption Patterns ◽

Value Priorities ◽

Group Identities ◽

Approaches To Study

There are two main approaches to study youth consumption. The first one considers consumption as viewed by a group of people of a certain age who differ from other age groups. Cultural differences are not taken into account. In the second approach consumption is seen as one of structure-forming elements of youth communities and practices. In that case, researchers study subcultures and youth leisure activities. However, those young people who are not engaged in subcultures and whose consumption patterns do not define their group identities are poorly studied. The article analyzes the importance of consumption among young persons and examines the ideological vectors of youth solidarity. The database consists of 28 biographical interviews with young activists from St Petersburg. The emphasis is placed on value priorities and the significance of labor for young activists. Thus, the meaning of consumption is considered through the prism of values and labor using the notion of “cultural repertoire of consumption”. Based on the interview results, five repertoires were singled out: anti-reconsumption, ethical, pro-Soviet, anti-consumption and politicized repertoires. Special attention is given to young activists’ reinterpretation of exclusiveness within the dominant consumption discourse. The analysis provides the grounds for reviewing the content of the solidarity vector and the substitution of “consumption - asceticism” direction for the “critical – internalized consumption”. Acknowledgement. The author expresses gratitude to Elena L. Omelchenko, director of NRU HSE Center for Youth Studies, and Yana N. Krupets, project manager, for the provided materials. Special thanks go to all the colleagues who took part in the tool design and data collection, discussion and analysis.

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