scholarly journals New Images for Old Symbols: Meanings That Children Give to a Traditional Game

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso García-Monge ◽  
Henar Rodríguez-Navarro ◽  
Daniel Bores-García
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Traditional Game

Traditional games are considered agents of enculturation. This article explores the procedure to access the cultural meanings transmitted in a traditional game. The goal is to understand what children aged 6–11 make of the game called ‘the chained bear’ and to compare the meanings retrieved with those of different traditional versions of the game. For such a purpose, through an exploratory cross-sectional study, cartoons depicting people playing the game were exhibited and viewers (n = 359; age range: 6–11; Mean age = 8.79; SD = 1.81) were asked to interpret them as a drama play, as well as contributing a title, a plot and saying how they would name the characters. The results show that, beyond the individual images that each child created in their mind, most of them coincided in stories about harassment and defense and theft and protection. These plots match those of the ludic tradition, showing that the actions evoke different pictures to each individual, but share common cultural meanings in turn. The study shows a procedure to access the meanings that traditional games transmit and confirms that games contain pieces of culture, which makes them agents of enculturation.

scholarly journals Low health literacy is associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tajdar ◽  
Dagmar Lühmann ◽  
Regina Fertmann ◽  
Tim Steinberg ◽  
Hendrik van den Bussche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Health Literacy ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Low health literacy is believed to be associated with behaviours that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. But there is limited knowledge on the relation between health literacy (HL) and diabetes risk, and whether improving HL could be a potential prevention strategy. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to examine the link between HL and diabetes risk among non-diabetic adults. Methods We used data from the Hamburg Diabetes Prevention Survey, a population-based cross-sectional study in Germany. One thousand, two hundred and fifty-five non-diabetic subjects aged 18–60 years were eligible. The German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS, ranging 0 to 123 points) was used to determine the individual risk of type 2 diabetes. The short version of the European Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q16, ranging 0 to 16 points) was applied to assess the individual self-reported HL. Subjects were asked to self-estimate their diabetes risk, which was then compared with the calculated GDRS. Descriptive statistics were calculated to investigate group differences in the GDRS and self-estimated diabetes risk. Linear as well as logistic regression models were performed to analyse potential influencing variables of the GDRS as well as incorrect self-estimated diabetes risk. In three nested statistical models for each outcome, these analyses were adjusted for age, gender, educational level and the presence of chronic conditions. Results According to the criteria of the GDRS, 996 (79.4%) subjects showed “low risk”, 176 (14.0%) “still low risk”, 53 (4.2%) “elevated risk”, and 30 (2.4%) “high to very high risk” to develop type 2 diabetes within the next 5 years. In the statistical models including all control variables, subjects with “inadequate HL” scored 2.38 points higher on the GDRS (95% CI 0.378 to 4.336; P = 0.020) and had a 2.04 greater chance to estimate their diabetes risk incorrectly (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.33 to 3.14; P = 0.001) compared to those with “sufficient HL”. Conclusion The risk of type 2 diabetes is increased in people with inadequate self-reported HL. People with high diabetes risk and inadequate HL might be provided with educational programs to improve diabetes knowledge and reduce behavioural risk factors.

scholarly journals Determining Orthodontic Knowledge and Awareness in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422110221
Author(s):  
Jyoti Mishra ◽  
Sudhir Kapoor ◽  
Jitendra Bhagchandani ◽  
Sonahita Agarwal ◽  
Vaibhav Vashishta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Ethical Clearance ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Aim and Objective: To assess the level of awareness among local adult population (orthodontically untreated) regarding orthodontic treatment and procedures. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was planned by accessing 100 subjects comprising of 2 groups (50 male and 50 female). After due ethical clearance, a self-structured questionnaire consisting of 17 questions was given to a group of randomly selected 100 individuals with an age range of 20 to 30 years. Results: The overall awareness of orthodontics as a speciality among both the groups was only 52% to 56%. Statistically insignificant difference was found in the knowledge and awareness of orthodontic treatment among both male and female subjects, that is, Group I and II. Also, those who knew about the orthodontic treatment did not opt for it because of high cost and longer duration involved. Conclusion: More than half of the population is unaware of the scope of orthodontic treatment, and thus, they do not seek any assistance. Hence, more efforts are needed to create awareness about orthodontics and the associated benefits.

scholarly journals Genetic homozygosity as a marker of smoking dependency

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019
Author(s):  
Slavko Brankovic ◽  
Dejan Nikolic ◽  
Dragoslav Marinkovic ◽  
Suzana Cvjeticanin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

The aim of our study was to evaluate the morphogenetic variability as a marker of smoking dependency in adult smokers versus controls and to investigate the presence and the degree of morphogenetic variability difference between male and female smokers versus same gender controls. The cross-sectional study evaluated 241 smokers and 185 nonsmoker individuals as controls. We analyzed 17 homozygous recessive characteristics (HRC). There was a significant difference in the individual variations of 17 HRCs between the controls and smokers (??2=61.400, p<0.001; for females ??2=79.440, p<0.001; for males ??2=84.972, p<0.001). The mean values of HRCs significantly differed between smokers and controls (MV?SEM(Controls) -4.79?0.13, MV?SEM(Smokers) -5.70?0.12; p<0.001). For males, presence of 6/17 (35.29% genetic homozygosity) HRCs (OR=6.12) was to the certain degree predictor for smoking dependency. Higher degree of genetic homozygosity, changed variability and male gender, might be some among potential numerous factors that could have impact on smoking development and dependence.

Immunological and molecular detection of rotavirus genotype in calves with gastroenteritis in Diyala-Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-013
Author(s):  
Ammar Talib Nasser ◽  
Abdulrazak Shafiq Hasan ◽  
Amer Khazaal Saleh ◽  
Mohammad Kassem Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Antigen ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Age Range

Aim: To explore the prevalence of rotavirus infection along with the molecular detection and genotyping of group A rotavirus (RVA) among bovine calves up to 5 months old in Diyala province-Iraq. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in Diyala province-Iraq during the period of 2019-2020. One hundred bovine calves with age range of 1-5 months were included in the study. All were suffering acute gastroenteritis. Serum anti-rotavirus IgM and IgG plus fecal rotavirus Ag were tested for using ELISA techniques. Stool samples positive for rotavirus Ag were submitted for reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) for G and P genes, followed by sequencing and genotyping thereafter. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25 and P values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The positivity rate of anti-rotavirus IgM was 80% (P = 0.0001), and that of anti-rotavirus IgG was 79% (P = 0.0001). The rotavirus stool antigen was detected in 68% of calves (P = 0.01). A total of 45 stool samples which were positive for rotavirus Ag were submitted for RT-PCR; 13 (28.9%) were positive and 32 (71.1%) were negative (P = 0.084). 10 PCR positive samples were used for sequencing and genotyping and indicated that all investigated strains belonged to G1P[8] genotype. Conclusion: The current strains analyzed belonged to the G1P[8] RVA genotypes, affirming that employment of VP7 gene polymorphism accurately yielded uniform phylogenetic distances amongst investigated rotavirus strains and that there were no noticeable assortment events between human and animal rotavirus strains in Diyala province.

scholarly journals Palm Creases Analysis in Students and Staff of a Teaching Hospital in Kathmandu

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Nirju Ranjit ◽  
Bidur Adhikari ◽  
Rajani Shrestha ◽  
Anusuya Shrestha ◽  
Rosha Bhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Closed Type ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Palm Print ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: Palm creases have been studied for a long time and have been recently found to be helpful in tracking underlying medical and genetic conditions. Scientific study and typing of palm prints have been found to be lacking in the Nepalese population Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 252 subjects, 153 male and 99 females, from Kathmandu, Nepal. Subjects were selected by purposive sampling from different age groups. Demographic profile including age, sex, and handedness was collected. Palm print pattern was recorded by digital photography. Each photograph was analysed visually by single observer and pattern of palm crease was noted. Variation of each crease was also noted. Results: On the basis of relation between radial longitudinal crease and proximal transverse crease, 17.3% subjects had open type of palm crease which was significantly more in females while 76.6% subjects had closed type crease which was significantly more in males. Meeting type of palm crease was found in 5.7% of subjects. On the basis of relation between proximal and distal transverse crease, normal crease type was found in 90.1% of subjects, Simian type was found in 7.7% subjects and Sydney type was found in 1.4% of subjects. The concordance of this pattern in left and right palms was found statistically significant. Conclusions: This study presented data from 252 seemingly normal healthy subjects and found that most of them had the normal with no branching, that is normal 1 and closed crease types. Most of the individual major creases were seen to be branched type.  

scholarly journals Individual-level and community-level factors associated with the family planning use among pastoralist community of Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e036519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mussie Alemayehu ◽  
Araya Abrha Medhanyie ◽  
Elizabeth Reed ◽  
Afework Mulugeta
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Pastoralist Community ◽  
The Individual

ObjectiveThe study aimed to identify the effects of the individual-level and community-level factors on the use of family planning (FP) among married women in the pastoralist community of Ethiopia.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2018. Data were analysed using R software. To determine the fixed effect of individual-level and community-level factors of FP use, a two-level mixed-effects logistic regression was used. The result was described using the Adjusted OR (AOR), and the variance partition coefficient.Setting and participantsAfar, Ethiopia (2018; n=891) married women of reproductive age (15–49) years.Primary outcome measuresFP use or non-use.ResultsThe current use of FP was 18.7% (16.31%–21.43%). Women who need to walk 1 hour and more to the nearest health facility (AOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.3), have ANC visit of 4 and above (AOR 6.02, 95% CI 1.74 to 20.8), had their last birth at a health facility (AOR 2.71 95% CI 1.27 to 5.81), have five and more children (AOR 4.71, 95% CI 1.86 to 11.9), have high knowledge on FP (AOR 2.74, 95% CI 1.11 to 6.74) and had high intentions to use FP (AOR 10.3, 95% CI 3.85 to 27.6) were more likely to report FP use. The magnitude of the effect of for FP use was smaller than that of 9 of the 13 individual factors. Apart from this 19.4% of the total variance in the odds of using FP attributed to between community difference (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.194). Regarding the community-level characteristics, clusters of having higher electronic media possession (AOR 2.84, 95% CI 1.2 to 6.72) and higher women decision making on FP (AOR 8.35, 95% CI 2.7 to 27.1) were significantly associated with increased FP use compared with clusters with lower reports of these aspects.ConclusionFP use among the pastoralist community is influenced by both individual cluster/community-level characteristics or factors. Even though the effect of clustering in FP use was large in comparison with the unexplained between-cluster variation, it was lower than the individual-level factors.Trail registrtion numberNCT03450564

scholarly journals Cuff dimension for children and adolescents: a study in a northeastern Brazilian city

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thelma Leite de Araujo ◽  
Marcos Venicíos de Oliveira Lopes ◽  
Nirla Gomes Guedes ◽  
Tahissa Frota Cavalcante ◽  
Rafaella Pessoa Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Cuff Width

The goal of this study was to measure the arm circumferences (AC) and appropriated cuff sizes for children and adolescents and to relate these dimensions to specific age ranges. This is a cross-sectional study, developed in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, with 596 people between 6 and 17 years old. The AC was measured at the midpoint between the olecranon and the acromion. The selected cuff width followed the recommended ratio of 40% the AC. The more suitable cuff sizes were 7×14 cm, 8×16 cm and 9×18 cm, at 19.8%, 26.5% and 25%, respectively. A statistically significant association between AC and age range was found in both genders, as well as between the cuff and the age range, showing that the 7×14 cm (38.9%) and 8×16 cm (29.6%) cuffs were more suitable for children, and 8×16 cm (23.7%) and 9×18 cm (36.1 %) cuffs were better for adolescents. Adequate cuffs were concluded to be different from the standard cuffs used for children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Blood level of cadmium and lead in occupationally exposed persons in Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Adewale Alli
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Blood Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Cadmium ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Age Range

Abstract This study was designed to assess the blood levels of cadmium and lead in some occupationally exposed individuals and compare the values with non-exposed individuals, with the aim of increasing the awareness of health risk caused by these heavy metals. A total of 120 subjects (64 occupationally exposed and 56 non-exposed subjects) with the age range of 15–40 years were studied in cross-sectional study conducted between September 2012 and February 2013 in Gwagwalada area of Abuja, Nigeria. Blood cadmium and lead were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The respective mean blood levels of cadmium and lead were 11.63±1.73 μg/dl and 45.43±6.93 μg/dl in occupationally-exposed subjects, while in non-exposed subjects 2.03±0.55 μg/dl and 12.08±2.87 μg/dl. The results show that occupational exposure increases the blood level of cadmium and lead, which consequently increases the health risk of the exposed individuals.

scholarly journals Korelasi Usia Metabolik terhadap Indeks Massa Tubuh

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Sri Yuliani ◽  
Elsa Trinovita
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Metabolic Age ◽  
The Individual

Excessive fat accumulation in the body causes an increase in Body Mass Index (BMI). Increased BMI and comorbidities affect the metabolic rate. Metabolic age was influenced by the individual metabolic rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of metabolic age to BMI increasement. This cross-sectional study used a purposive sampling method to obtain 82 male and female subjects. Subjects were measured for BMI and metabolic age. Collected data was analyzed univariately and bivariate correlatively. The result showed a significant correlation between metabolic age and BMI (p = 0,001) with r = 0,812. The conclusion of this study is the increase in BMI, the higher the metabolic age.

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