Immunological and molecular detection of rotavirus genotype in calves with gastroenteritis in Diyala-Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-013
Author(s):  
Ammar Talib Nasser ◽  
Abdulrazak Shafiq Hasan ◽  
Amer Khazaal Saleh ◽  
Mohammad Kassem Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Antigen ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Age Range

Aim: To explore the prevalence of rotavirus infection along with the molecular detection and genotyping of group A rotavirus (RVA) among bovine calves up to 5 months old in Diyala province-Iraq. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in Diyala province-Iraq during the period of 2019-2020. One hundred bovine calves with age range of 1-5 months were included in the study. All were suffering acute gastroenteritis. Serum anti-rotavirus IgM and IgG plus fecal rotavirus Ag were tested for using ELISA techniques. Stool samples positive for rotavirus Ag were submitted for reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) for G and P genes, followed by sequencing and genotyping thereafter. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25 and P values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The positivity rate of anti-rotavirus IgM was 80% (P = 0.0001), and that of anti-rotavirus IgG was 79% (P = 0.0001). The rotavirus stool antigen was detected in 68% of calves (P = 0.01). A total of 45 stool samples which were positive for rotavirus Ag were submitted for RT-PCR; 13 (28.9%) were positive and 32 (71.1%) were negative (P = 0.084). 10 PCR positive samples were used for sequencing and genotyping and indicated that all investigated strains belonged to G1P[8] genotype. Conclusion: The current strains analyzed belonged to the G1P[8] RVA genotypes, affirming that employment of VP7 gene polymorphism accurately yielded uniform phylogenetic distances amongst investigated rotavirus strains and that there were no noticeable assortment events between human and animal rotavirus strains in Diyala province.

scholarly journals Immunological and molecular detection of rotavirus genotype in children with gastroenteritis in Diyala-Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 194-208
Author(s):  
Ammar Talib Nasser ◽  
Abdulrazak Shafiq Hasan ◽  
Amer Khazaal Saleh ◽  
Mohammad Kassem Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Antigen ◽  
Stool Samples

Aim: To explore the prevalence along with the molecular detection and genotyping of group A rotavirus (RVA) among children up to 5 years old complaining of gastroenteritis in Diyala province-Iraq. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in Diyala province-Iraq during the period of 2019-2020. One hundred children up to 5 years old with gastroenteritis were enrolled. 54% were males and 46% were females. They were attending hospitals or primary healthcare centers. All were vaccinated with rotavirus vaccine. Blood and fecal samples were collected from each subject. Serum anti-rotavirus IgM and IgG plus fecal rotavirus Ag were tested for using ELISA techniques. Stool samples positive for rotavirus Ag were submitted for conventional PCR and for G and P genotyping thereafter. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25 and P values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The anti-rotavirus IgM and IgG positivity rates among children were 71% (P = 0.001) and 81% (P = 0.0001), respectively. Additionally, the rotavirus stool antigen was positive in 75% of the children (P = 0.001). Among 61 stool samples submitted for conventional PCR technique, the rotavirus RNA was detected in 25 (40.9%). The sequencing and genotyping investigation of 10 PCR positive products revealed that all investigated viral samples belonged to G1P[8] rotavirus A genotype. Conclusion: The current strains analyzed belonged to the G1P[8] rotavirus A genotypes, indicating high coverage of current rotavirus vaccines and affirming the importance of continuous characterization of circulating rotavirus strains and monitoring vaccine efficacy.

scholarly journals Potential use of azithromycin alone and in combination with ivermectin in fighting against the symptoms of COVID-19.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 737-741
Author(s):  
Rizwan Faisal ◽  
Syed Furqan Ali Shah ◽  
Mazhar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Potential Use

Objectives: To compare efficacy of azithromycin alone and in combination with ivermectin against the duration of novel corona virus symptoms. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Shah Care Hospital, Peshawar. Period: April 5, 2020 to May 30, 2020. Material & Methods: Total patients included in the study were 100. Patients were divided into two groups by systematic random sampling: Group A: who received AZM (500mg once a day for 5 days), Group B: who received Ivermectin (12mg once a day for 5 days) and AZM (500mg once a day for 5 days). All the participants were informed to revisit hospital as soon as symptoms (at least two of the mentioned symptoms) like fever, fatigue, sore throat, cough, body aches/myalgia, anosmia/hyposmia, ageusia/hypogeusia and diarrhea disappears at least for 3 days (the actual day on which symptom(s) disappeared was noted). They were also advised to revisit hospital if they feel any inconvenience with the treatment or they notice worsening of the symptoms. The efficacy of the two regimens was based on the duration of disappearance of symptoms. RT-PCR was repeated after 15 days of the diagnosis and on day 21 who came positive on day 15. Results: In group A, the symptoms of 34% patients started to disappear during 3-5 days (mean±SD, 4.86 ± 0.42 days) following therapy, it disappeared during 6-8 days (7.18 ± 0.37) in 28% patients, 22% were symptom free during 9-10 days (10.12 ± 0.12), and 16% took ˃10 days to become symptom free (12 ± 0.26). Similarly, 52% of group B patient were relieved during 3-5 days (4.01 ± 0.32) of therapy, 36% were symptom free during 6-8 days (6.32 ± 0.14), symptoms of 8% disappeared during 9-10days (9.06 ± 0.25), and 4% took ˃10 days (11 ± 0.0) to become symptom free. Conclusion: Combination of ivermectin and azithromycin was more effective in making patients symptom free than azithromycin alone.

scholarly journals Molecular detection and genotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis circulating in women of Western Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Boris E. D. Gomseu ◽  
Rajneesh Dadwal ◽  
Jean-De-D. Tamokou ◽  
Rakesh Yadav ◽  
Wiliane J. T. Marbou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
The West ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
District Hospitals ◽  
Age Range ◽  
First Time

Background: In Cameroon, C. trachomatis screening is not routinely practiced, and its epidemiology is still unexplored. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection, its risk factors and the genotypes circulating in the West Cameroon region.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst patients in five district hospitals in the West region of Cameroon. Endocervical samples were collected from women visiting the hospitals forantenatal, prenuptial and contraception consultations and at least 18 years old, sexually active, and non-menstruating. The molecular detection of C. trachomatis was performed using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing of the ompA gene.Results: The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was determined to be 11.47%. Having sex for the first time between the ages of 15 and 17 (OR=1.683, 95% CI: 1.1-2.5), non-usage of condom (OR=1.622, 95% CI: 1.2-2.1), being single (OR=1.263, 95% CI: 1.0-1.5) and age range 18-30 years (OR=1.426, 95% CI: 1.1-1.8) were risk factors for C. trachomatis infection. Three genotypes of C. trachomatis circulated in West Cameroon viz. D (49%), E (29.4%) and G (21.6%).Conclusions: This study revealed that, three genotypes; D (dominant), E and G were identified circulating in the population of the study area. This information may be important for controlling the dissemination of C. trachomatis infection in West Cameroon as well as strategizing the therapeutic approach. 

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome Composition Remains Stable in Individuals with Diabetes-Related Early to Late Stage Chronic Kidney Disease

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ashani Lecamwasam ◽  
Tiffanie M. Nelson ◽  
Leni Rivera ◽  
Elif I. Ekinci ◽  
Richard Saffery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Late Stages

(1) Background: Individuals with diabetes and chronic kidney disease display gut dysbiosis when compared to healthy controls. However, it is unknown whether there is a change in dysbiosis across the stages of diabetic chronic kidney disease. We investigated a cross-sectional study of patients with early and late diabetes associated chronic kidney disease to identify possible microbial differences between these two groups and across each of the stages of diabetic chronic kidney disease. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 95 adults. DNA extracted from collected stool samples were used for 16S rRNA sequencing to identify the bacterial community in the gut. (3) Results: The phylum Firmicutes was the most abundant and its mean relative abundance was similar in the early and late chronic kidney disease group, 45.99 ± 0.58% and 49.39 ± 0.55%, respectively. The mean relative abundance for family Bacteroidaceae, was also similar in the early and late group, 29.15 ± 2.02% and 29.16 ± 1.70%, respectively. The lower abundance of Prevotellaceae remained similar across both the early 3.87 ± 1.66% and late 3.36 ± 0.98% diabetic chronic kidney disease groups. (4) Conclusions: The data arising from our cohort of individuals with diabetes associated chronic kidney disease show a predominance of phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The families Ruminococcaceae and Bacteroidaceae represent the highest abundance, while the beneficial Prevotellaceae family were reduced in abundance. The most interesting observation is that the relative abundance of these gut microbes does not change across the early and late stages of diabetic chronic kidney disease, suggesting that this is an early event in the development of diabetes associated chronic kidney disease. We hypothesise that the dysbiotic microbiome acquired during the early stages of diabetic chronic kidney disease remains relatively stable and is only one of many risk factors that influence progressive kidney dysfunction.

scholarly journals Determining Orthodontic Knowledge and Awareness in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422110221
Author(s):  
Jyoti Mishra ◽  
Sudhir Kapoor ◽  
Jitendra Bhagchandani ◽  
Sonahita Agarwal ◽  
Vaibhav Vashishta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Ethical Clearance ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Aim and Objective: To assess the level of awareness among local adult population (orthodontically untreated) regarding orthodontic treatment and procedures. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was planned by accessing 100 subjects comprising of 2 groups (50 male and 50 female). After due ethical clearance, a self-structured questionnaire consisting of 17 questions was given to a group of randomly selected 100 individuals with an age range of 20 to 30 years. Results: The overall awareness of orthodontics as a speciality among both the groups was only 52% to 56%. Statistically insignificant difference was found in the knowledge and awareness of orthodontic treatment among both male and female subjects, that is, Group I and II. Also, those who knew about the orthodontic treatment did not opt for it because of high cost and longer duration involved. Conclusion: More than half of the population is unaware of the scope of orthodontic treatment, and thus, they do not seek any assistance. Hence, more efforts are needed to create awareness about orthodontics and the associated benefits.

scholarly journals Identification of Hookworm Species in Stool By Harada Mori Culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sazzad Bin Shahid ◽  
A Chowdhury ◽  
S M Shamsuzzaman ◽  
K Z Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Necator Americanus ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Hookworm Infections

This cross sectional study was done from January 2009 to June 2010 in Microbiology department of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka to identify hookworm species and to compare different laboratory methods for diagnosis of hookworm infections. Among the 375 stool samples evaluated, 26 (6.93%) samples were positive for hookworms. Ankylostoma duodenale were 3 (11.50%) and Necator americanus were 23 (88.50%). Harada Mori culture was found as the most effective method for detection of hookworms.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i2.10821 

scholarly journals Sources of psychological distress among primary care physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic’s first wave in Spain: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cebrián-Cuenca ◽  
José Joaquín Mira ◽  
Elena Caride-Miana ◽  
Antonio Fernández-Jiménez ◽  
Domingo Orozco-Beltrán
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting people worldwide. In Spain, the first wave was especially severe. Objectives: This study aimed to identify sources and levels of distress among Spanish primary care physicians (PCPs) during the first wave of the pandemic (April 2020). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a survey that included sociodemographic data, a description of working conditions related to distress [such as gaps in training in protective measures, cleaning, and hygiene procedures in work setting, unavailability of personal protective equipments (PPEs) and COVID-19 RT-PCR test, and lack of staff due to be infected] and a validated scale, the ‘Self-applied Acute Stress Scale’ (EASE). The survey was answered by a non-probability sampling of PCPs working in family healthcare centres from different regions of Spain. Analysis of variance and multivariate linear regression analysis were performed. Results: In all, out of 518 PCP participants, 123 (23.7%) obtained high psychological distress scores. Only half of them had received information about the appropriate use of PPE. PCP characteristics associated with higher levels of distress include female gender [1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54, 2.84]; lack of training in protective measures (1.96; 95% CI 0.94, 2.99); unavailable COVID-19 RT-PCR for health care workers after quarantine or COVID-19 treatment (−0.77 (−1.52, −0.02). Reinforcing disinfection of the work environment (P < 0.05), availability of PPEs (P < 0.05), and no healthcare professional was infected (P < 0.05) were related to the lowest distress score. Conclusions: A better understanding of the sources of distress among PCPs could prevent its effect on future outbreaks.

scholarly journals New Images for Old Symbols: Meanings That Children Give to a Traditional Game

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso García-Monge ◽  
Henar Rodríguez-Navarro ◽  
Daniel Bores-García
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Traditional Game

Traditional games are considered agents of enculturation. This article explores the procedure to access the cultural meanings transmitted in a traditional game. The goal is to understand what children aged 6–11 make of the game called ‘the chained bear’ and to compare the meanings retrieved with those of different traditional versions of the game. For such a purpose, through an exploratory cross-sectional study, cartoons depicting people playing the game were exhibited and viewers (n = 359; age range: 6–11; Mean age = 8.79; SD = 1.81) were asked to interpret them as a drama play, as well as contributing a title, a plot and saying how they would name the characters. The results show that, beyond the individual images that each child created in their mind, most of them coincided in stories about harassment and defense and theft and protection. These plots match those of the ludic tradition, showing that the actions evoke different pictures to each individual, but share common cultural meanings in turn. The study shows a procedure to access the meanings that traditional games transmit and confirms that games contain pieces of culture, which makes them agents of enculturation.

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