scholarly journals The Language of Creativity: Validating Linguistic Analysis to Assess Creative Scientists and Artists

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Tariq Ahmed ◽  
Gregory J. Feist
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Language Pattern ◽  
Language Patterns

The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to be among the first attempts to validate linguistic analysis as a method of creativity assessment and second, to differentiate between individuals in varying scientific and artistic creativity levels using personality language patterns. Creativity is most commonly assessed through methods such as questionnaires and specific tasks, the validity of which can be weakened by scorer or experimenter error, subjective and response biases, and self-knowledge constraints. Linguistic analysis may provide researchers with an automatic, objective method of assessing creativity, and free from human error and bias. The current study used 419 creativity text samples from a wide range of creative individuals mostly in science (and some in the arts and humanities) to investigate whether linguistic analysis can, in fact, distinguish between creativity levels and creativity domains using creativity dictionaries and personality dimension language patterns, from the linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC) text analysis program. Creative individuals tended to use more words on the creativity keyword dictionaries as well as more introversion and openness to experience language pattern words than less creative individuals. Regarding creativity domains, eminent scientists used fewer introversion, and openness to experience language pattern words than eminent artists. Text analysis through LIWC was able to partially distinguish between the three creativity levels, in some cases, and the two creativity domains (science and art). These findings lend support to the use of linguistic analysis as a partially valid assessment of scientific and artistic creative achievement.

scholarly journals Redefining peer learning: Role of student entrepreneurs in teaching entrepreneurship in the UK higher education context

2021 ◽  
pp. 095042222110126
Author(s):  
Stella Xu ◽  
Zimu Xu ◽  
Fujia Li ◽  
Arun Sukumar
Keyword(s):  
Student Engagement ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
School Students ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Student Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Uk Higher Education

Entrepreneurship-related modules have become increasingly popular over the years, not only among business school students but also among those from other disciplines, including engineering and the arts and humanities. In some circumstances, they are offered as optional modules for students across different faculties and disciplines. While it is beneficial to mix students with different backgrounds, bringing in a wide range of perspectives, there are also challenges relating to course design and student engagement. With these challenges in mind, the authors trialled a new approach in the hope of motivating students from diverse academic and socio-cultural backgrounds to engage more fully in the classroom by utilising student entrepreneurs as guest speakers. The student-centric approach has proved effective in enhancing student engagement, as evidenced by both informal and formal feedback.

Australian Applied Linguistics in relation to international trends

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 4.1-4.32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Baldauf ◽  
Robert B. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
International Association ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
International Trends ◽  
Diverse Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Applied Linguistics is a diverse field, comprising a substantial number of sub-fields, sub-specialisations and related fields. To see that this is the case one need only examine the various hand- books and encyclopaedic references that have been published in the last ten years to see the wide range of topics that have been covered. As with many professional areas in academia, Applied Linguistics is organised around national organisations, with its international structure being a loose confederation known as the International Association of Applied Linguistics (AILA). Given these diverse academic and structural arrangements, it should not be surprising if academics within different national associations were to cluster around different interests within the field. This study explores the question of what emphases are found in various parts of the world in Applied Linguistics, and in particular, the relationship of Australian Applied Linguistics to international trends using a structural text analysis of abstracts related to Applied Linguistics as well as an historical review of the trends involved.

Health Humanities in Post-Graduate Medical Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan D. Peterkin ◽  
Anna Skorzewska
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Postgraduate Medical Education ◽  
Health Humanities ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Arts and humanities education is widespread in undergraduate but almost nonexistent in postgraduate medical education where it is arguably more helpful. This book fills that gap. It covers a wide range of arts and humanities subjects including film, theatre, narrative, visual art, history, ethics, and social sciences. Each chapter provides not only 1) a literature review of the relevant subject in postgraduate medical education and, where helpful, undergraduate medical education but 2) a theoretical discussion of the subject as it relates to medicine and medical education 3) challenges to implementing arts and humanities programming and 4) appendices with a number of different and relevant resources as well as sample lesson plans. There is a chapter on the use of humanities in interprofessional education, a domain whose importance has recently gained prominence. Finally there are also chapters guiding the medical humanities educator on evaluating the impact of their programs, an ever-present challenge, and on the thorny issue of how to fund programs in medical humanities.

Autonomous Vehicles, Technological Progress, and the Scope Problem in Products Liability

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-212
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Lemann
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Liability Rule ◽  
Products Liability ◽  
Liability Law ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tort System ◽  
Safety Features

Abstract Autonomous vehicles are widely expected to save tens of thousands of lives each year by making car crashes attributable to human error – currently the overwhelming majority of fatal crashes – a thing of the past. How the legal system should attribute responsibility for the (hopefully few) crashes autonomous vehicles cause is an open and hotly debated question. Most tort scholars approach this question by asking what liability rule is most likely to achieve the desired policy outcome: promoting the adoption of this lifesaving technology without destroying manufacturers’ incentives to optimize it. This approach has led to a wide range of proposals, many of which suggest replacing standard rules of products liability with some new system crafted specifically for autonomous vehicles and creating immunity or absolute liability or something in between. But, I argue, the relative safety of autonomous vehicles should not be relevant in determining whether and in what ways manufacturers are held liable for their crashes. The history of products liability litigation over motor vehicle design shows that the tort system has been hesitant to indulge in such comparisons, as it generally declines both to impose liability on older, more dangerous cars simply because they lack the latest safety features and to grant immunity to newer, safer cars simply because of their superior aggregate performance. These are instances in which products liability law fails to promote efficient outcomes and instead provides redress for those who have been wronged by defective products. Applying these ideas to the four fatalities that have so far been caused by autonomous vehicles suggests that just as conventional vehicles should not be considered defective in relying on a human driver, autonomous vehicles should not be immune when their defects cause injury.

Computer-assisted digital text analysis for journalism and communications research: introducing corpus linguistic techniques that do not require programming

2020 ◽  
pp. 1329878X2094712
Author(s):  
Monika Bednarek ◽  
Georgia Carr
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Digital Text ◽  
Health News ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Digital Methods

Digital methods are becoming more and more important for text analysis in communications research. However, many computational methods require either relevant technical expertise or multi-disciplinary collaboration, which has impeded their uptake. This article introduces an alternative: computer-assisted linguistic analysis (corpus linguistics), an approach that is increasingly being used outside linguistics and requires less expertise. The article uses a dataset of almost 700 items of health news to demonstrate how such techniques can aid the analysis of (dis)preferred language, sources, stigma and responsibility, framing, and project-specific text analysis. We conclude with an evaluation of the key advantages and limitations of corpus linguistic analysis.

scholarly journals Speech synthesis systems: disadvantages and limitations

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.28) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kuligowska ◽  
Paweł Kisielewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Włodarz
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Speech Synthesis ◽  
Analysis Problem ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Insight Into

The present speech synthesis systems can be successfully used for a wide range of diverse purposes. However, there are serious and important limitations in using various synthesizers. Many of these problems can be identified and resolved. The aim of this paper is to present the current state of development of speech synthesis systems and to examine their drawbacks and limitations. The paper dis-cusses the current classification, construction and functioning of speech synthesis systems, which gives an insight into synthesizers implemented so far. The analysis of disadvantages and limitations of speech synthesis systems focuses on identification of weak points of these systems, namely: the impact of emotions and prosody, spontaneous speech in terms of naturalness and intelligibility, preprocessing and text analysis, problem of ambiguity, natural sounding, adaptation to the situation, variety of systems, sparsely spoken languages, speech synthesis for older people, and some other minor limitations. Solving these problems stimulates further development of speech synthesis domain. 

Is Openness to Experience an Independent Personality Dimension?

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. García ◽  
Anton Aluja ◽  
Óscar García ◽  
Lara Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Psychometric Tests ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Significant Relationships

Abstract. The Openness to Experience personality dimension has been challenged for its lack of independence from other personality constructs. In order to test whether Openness is an independent trait, we applied the following psychometric tests to a sample of 1006 nonpsychology university students: NEO-PI-R, EPQ-RS, ZKPQ-III-R, and SSS-V. Results suggest that most of the Openness variance remains to be explained. Therefore, this domain can be considered independent within the personality area, although Extraversion and, above all, Sensation Seeking presented significant relationships with the Openness scales. Each NEO-PI-R Openness facet shows a different pattern of relationships with other personality constructs proposed by the Five-Factor, Eysenck's, and Zuckerman's theories. Those relationships are discussed.

Heritage at the Interface

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Wide Range

Drawing together a number of established as well as emerging scholars, Heritage at the Interface explores the heterogeneous and complex world of contemporary heritage. Using a series of case studies in addition to more theoretically engaged analyses, this international collection offers a number of specific examples drawn from Europe, North America, and Australia, while an afterword by John Tunbridge offers some insightful recommendations for further study. The text will be of interest to a wide range of readers, both specialist and non-specialist, and will be of particular use to practitioners and academics working in the museum sector as well as in the arts and humanities more generally.

scholarly journals The meanings of focus: The significance of an interpretation-based category in cross-linguistic analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEJAN MATIĆ ◽  
DANIEL WEDGWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Common Factor ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Stable Category ◽  
Structural Patterns ◽  
Syntactic Movement ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Wide Range

Focus is regularly treated as a cross-linguistically stable category that is merely manifested by different structural means in different languages, such that a common focus feature may be realised through, for example, a morpheme in one language and syntactic movement in another. We demonstrate this conception of focus to be unsustainable on both theoretical and empirical grounds, invoking fundamental argumentation regarding the notions of focus and linguistic category, alongside data from a wide range of languages. Attempts to salvage a cross-linguistic notion of focus through parameterisation, the introduction of additional information-structural primitives such as contrast, or reduction to a single common factor are shown to be equally problematic. We identify the causes of repeated misconceptions about the nature of focus in a number of interrelated theoretical and methodological tendencies in linguistic analysis. We propose to see focus as a heuristic tool and to employ it as a means of identifying structural patterns that languages use to generate a certain number of related pragmatic effects, potentially through quite diverse mechanisms.

scholarly journals Impact of Deprivation on Five Big Personality Dimensions among College Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Revanasiddappa ◽  
Dr. R, Venkat Reddy
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Personality Scale ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The People ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

India is a developing country in which more than 80 percent of the people are poor and experience deprivation for a prolonged period. This effect of deprivation on individual’s personality is very negative. These would hinder the growth & development of the nation because of the incomplete and partial growth of the individual potentials. The goal of the present study is to impact of the five big personality dimensions of high and low deprivation students. Objectives: To find out the impact of deprivation on five big dimensions of personality among college students. The sample consisted of 600 students; among 300 were high deprived and 300 were low deprived students. Selected students were measured on five big personality scale developed by John and Srivastava (1999). Results indicated that High and low level deprivation students were no significantly differences in the Extroversion, Agreeableness, Consciousness, and Openness to experience of personality dimensions. High and low level deprivation students were significantly differences in Neuroticism of personality dimension.

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