scholarly journals A Pluralistic Perspective on Research in Psychotherapy: Harnessing Passion, Difference and Dialogue to Promote Justice and Relevance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Smith ◽  
John McLeod ◽  
Nicola Blunden ◽  
Mick Cooper ◽  
Lynne Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pluralistic Approach ◽  
Just Society ◽  
Critical Case Study ◽  
Pluralistic Perspective

The adoption of a pluralistic perspective on research design, processes of data collection and analysis and dissemination of findings, has the potential to enable psychotherapy research to make a more effective contribution to building a just society. A review of the key features of the concept of pluralism is followed by a historical analysis of the ways in which research in counselling, psychotherapy and related disciplines has moved in the direction of a pluralistic position around knowledge creation. Core principles of a pluralistic approach to research are identified and explored in the context of a critical case study of contemporary research into psychotherapy for depression, examples of pluralistically oriented research practices, and analysis of a pluralistic conceptualisation of the nature of evidence. Implications of a pluralistic perspective for research training and practice are discussed. Pluralistic inquiry that emphasises dialogue, collaboration, epistemic justice and the co-existence of multiple truths, creates opportunities for individuals, families and communities from a wide range of backgrounds to co-produce knowledge in ways that support their capacities for active citizenship and involvement in open democratic decision-making. To fulfil these possibilities, it is necessary for psychotherapy research to be oriented towards social goals that are sufficiently relevant to both researchers and co-participants to harness their passion and work together for a common good.

OPTIMIZING OPERATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS BY OFFLINE AND ONLINE COMPUTER SIMULATION

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Otterpohl ◽  
Thomas Rolfs ◽  
Jörg Londong
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Computer Work ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Wide Range

Computer simulation of activated sludge plant for nitrogen removal has become a reliable tool to predict the behaviour of the plant Models including biological phosphorus removal still require some practical experience but they should be available soon. This will offer an even wider range than today's work with nitrogen removal. One major benefit of computer simulation of wastewater treatment plants (WTP) is the optimization of operation. This can be done offline if hydrographs of a plant are collected and computer work is done with “historical” analysis. With online simulation the system is fed with hydrographs up to the actual time. Prognosis can be done from the moment of the computer work based on usual hydrographs. The work of the authors shows how accuratly a treatment plant can be described, when many parameters are measured and available as hydrographs. A very careful description of all details of the special plant is essential, requiring a flexible simulation tool. Based on the accurate simulation a wide range of operational decisions can be evaluated. It was possible to demonstrate that the overall efficiency in nitrogen removal and energy consumption of ml activated sludge plant can be improved.

scholarly journals Using Eye-Tracking Measures to Predict Reading Comprehension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Caroline Meziere ◽  
Lili Yu ◽  
Erik Reichle ◽  
Titus von der Malsburg ◽  
Genevieve McArthur
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comprehension Tests ◽  
Reading Comprehension Tests

Research on reading comprehension assessments suggests that they measure overlapping but not identical cognitive skills. In this paper, we examined the potential of eye-tracking as a tool for assessing reading comprehension. We administered three widely-used reading comprehension tests with varying task demands to 79 typical adult readers while monitoring their eye movements. In the York Assessment for Reading Comprehension (YARC), participants were given passages of text to read silently, followed by comprehension questions. In the Gray Oral Reading Test (GORT-5), participants were given passages of text to read aloud, followed by comprehension questions. In the sentence comprehension subtest of the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT-4), participants were given sentences with a missing word to read silently, and had to provide the missing word (i.e., a cloze task). Results from linear models predicting comprehension scores from eye-tracking measures yielded different patterns of results between the three tests. Models with eye-tracking measures always explained significantly more variance compared to baseline models with only reading speed, with R-squared 4 times higher for the YARC, 3 times for the GORT, and 1.3 times for the WRAT. Importantly, despite some similarities between the tests, no common good predictor of comprehension could be identified across the tests. Overall, the results suggest that reading comprehension tests do not measure the same cognitive skills to the same extent, and that participants adapted their reading strategies to the tests’ varying task demands. Finally, this study suggests that eye-tracking may provide a useful alternative for measuring reading comprehension.

Thinking Collectively

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Spicker
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Democratic Deliberation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Common

Thinking collectively is a book about the meaning, implications and value of collectivism in social policy. Collectivism is not a single, unitary idea; it covers a wide range of approaches that depend on the importance of groups and organisations in social life. Substantive collectivism is the idea that we live, not as 'individuals', but as the members of social groups, like families, neighbourhoods and communities, and that many of our actions are done together with others in organisations and social institutions. Methodological collectivism looks for explanations and patterns of behaviour not in the actions of individual human beings, but in the actions of groups. Moral collectivism begins from the premise that collective social groups - families, businesses, institutions, governments and countries - are moral agents; that they have rights and responsibilities, that groups as well as individuals can take moral action, and that the morality of their actions can sensibly be assessed in those terms. Collective action is defined, not by what is to be done, but how. The practice of collective action, and the character of provision made, tend in their turn to influence the kinds of things that people want their services to do. Democratic deliberation, voice and empowerment become the expectation and practice of public services; co-operation, working together, sharing and solidarity come to be seen as virtues in themselves. The book makes a case for a collective approach to the common weal, based on society, the common good, solidarity, stewardship, rights, equality and a sense of common enterprise.

Patient Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Tinnitus Treatments

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Patient Preferences ◽  
Complete Relief ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Implanted Devices

Purpose: There will likely be several different tinnitus treatments necessary, and it is important to understand patient preferences and factors that might contribute to treatment acceptability. This study explores the acceptability of a wide range of different tinnitus treatments, from noninvasive wearable devices to surgically implanted devices in the brain. Understanding how tinnitus sufferers consider and rank such options and how they might be influenced by their own perception of the severity of their tinnitus could help clinicians, researchers, and companies plan future efforts for approaching new treatments. Data Collection and Analysis: 197 tinnitus self-help group attendees rated their acceptance of treatments on a scale from 0 (not acceptable) to 100 (fully acceptable). The treatments included external devices, medications, cochlear implants, an implant on the brain surface, and an implant in the brain. They were also asked how much they would pay for successful treatments. Results: There was a significant correlation between loudness and annoyance (r = .78). To reduce tinnitus by half, an “acceptable” response between 91 and 100 was reported by 30% of the respondents for devices, by 52% for pills, by 25% for cochlear implants, by 13% for implants on the brain surface, and by 13% for implants in the brain. To reduce tinnitus completely, a 91–100 acceptable response was reported by 42% for devices, by 62% for pills, by 38% for cochlear implants, by 21% for implants on the brain surface, and by 19% for implants in the brain. To reduce tinnitus completely, participants most commonly selected to pay at least $5000, and 20.3% were willing to pay as much as $25,000. The ratings of tinnitus loudness and annoyance were positively correlated with the likelihood of using any treatment. Surprisingly, there was a weak relationship between annoyance and the amount they were willing to pay. Conclusions: Tinnitus patients are prepared to accept a wide variety of treatments. Medications are the most acceptable. Invasive procedures can also be acceptable to many, particularly if they provide complete relief.

International human rights law: a selected annotated bibliography

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Amy Burchfield
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
General Public ◽  
Annotated Bibliography ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Human ◽  
Just Society

Purpose – This selected annotated bibliography guides users to print and online tools for researching international human rights law. Design/methodology/approach – To research international human rights law, users may need to access a wide range of resources that represent varying levels of depth and analysis. Thus, this selected annotated bibliography reviews a selection of dictionaries, handbooks, nutshells, encyclopedias, guides and Web sites that will be useful to scholars, students, practitioners and the general public. The results of a trial search for information on the women’s human rights are included for each resource. Findings – As recent world events such as the Arab Spring and the Syrian Civil War make headlines, the need for understanding international human rights law continues to be essential to life in a just society. The resources reviewed here help researchers, practitioners and the general public better understand the human rights implications of the events happening around them today, as well as past events. Originality/value – This is an original bibliography that aims to select and review tools for researching international human rights law from a variety of types and formats. It may be valuable to librarians working in academic, school and public libraries who handle questions about human rights, legal issues and world events.

scholarly journals The King of Dirt: Public Health and Sanitation in Late Medieval Ghent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janna Coomans
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Urban Sanitation ◽  
Preventative Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common

Taking the office of the coninc der ribauden in Ghent as a case-study, this article reconstructs the enforcement of urban sanitation and preventative health practices during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The coninc managed a wide range of issues perceived as potentially polluting, damaging or threateningto health. Banning waste and chasing pigs as well as prostitutes off the streets, the office implemented a governmental vision on communal well-being. Health interests, as part of a broader pursuit of the common good, therefore played an important yet hitherto largely overlooked role in medieval urban governance.

scholarly journals Specificity of working with gifted primary school students in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 623-634
Author(s):  
Stanislav Naumenko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
School Students ◽  
Wide Range

In China, a Key National Strategy has been developed. According to the Strategy, education is refocused on high quality, the development of a holistic approach to the harmonious development of pupils' personalities, which should be imbued with the spirit of innovation, business skills and develop moral, intellectual, physical, and aesthetic aspects. The Ministry of Education of China also supported the position of an individual approach to each pupil and considering his physical and psychological development. The reform aims to create a favorable educational environment for the development of each pupil, active research training, increasing the flexibility and diversity of courses. Among all the subjects of the educational program, literacy is defined as the most fundamental for the successful assimilation of other educational areas and the holistic development of children's personalities, an indispensable strategy for preserving cultural heritage, national unity, and creativity. The program defined the principles of training. They are: to involve all pupils in the educational process and develop their intellectual abilities, to understand the peculiarities of language and literature education, to promote independent learning, joint learning, and learning based on pupils' requests, to take into account their differences and learning needs, to create curricula based on openness and viability. Such positive changes in pedagogical practice create a favorable educational environment that adapts to different rates of pupil learning. The program aims to develop a wide range of pupils' skills, such as literary literacy, financial literacy, mathematical literacy, and scientific literacy. The program provides an inclusive educational environment that can engage gifted pupils in terms of pedagogical strategies (e.g., individualized learning, research learning, and independent learning), enriched reading materials, and dynamic, multiple assessments). The main problems of implementing the new literacy program are: insufficient teacher competence, the difficulty of transforming deep traditions from the pedagogy of transmission and collectivism to the pedagogy of constructivism, the large class size in China leads to overload of teachers.

scholarly journals Idea of common good (el bien general) in the series of etchings “The Disasters of War” (“Los Desastres de la Guerra”) by Francisco Goya (based on the Bohdan and Varvara Khanenko Museum of Art funds)

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Illia Levchenko ◽  
Oleksandra Kotliar ◽  
Stefaniia Demchuk
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Text And Image ◽  
Double Numbers ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
French Enlightenment ◽  
Francisco Goya ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis

The ideas of the Enlightenment (first of all the French, with the most famous of its representatives – Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu and François-Marie Arouet Voltaire) not only influenced the political sphere of the Eighteenth century but also art. Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (1746-1828) was directly convinced by these ideas: he took a passive part in the Napoleonic wars and was a friend of the prominent representatives of the Spanish Enlightenment. The study aims at analyzing interactions between text and image in the series of etchings of F. Goya “The Disasters of War” and the reception of the idea of «common good» in the etching 71 “Against the common good”. We have chosen several theoretical and methodological tools to deal with narrative and visual sources. Hermeneutics and semiotics belong to the specific methods used in the process of analysis of engravings. Comprehensive approach is determined by the usage of F. Goya both extraverbial and verbal (double numbers of etchings and artionims, ekfrasis) means. The methodological basis of the study is made up wit the principles of complexity, historicism and scientific character. The main methods were iconographic and iconological; empirical, prosopographical, method of synthetic and analytical source criticism; comparative-historical analysis. Probably, Francisco Goya, who also criticized the contemporary obscurantism in Spain (which is especially reflected in the series of etchings “Los Caprichos”), turned to the ideas of the French enlightenment, which gave rise to possibly unconscious reminiscences and allusions in his work. Thus, we are interested mainly how Goya indirectly or even unconsciously borrowed ideas from the Enlightenment movement, which spread rapidly all over Europe. In this case studying direct borrowings from J.-J. Rousseau’s ideas played only minor role.

scholarly journals Norway’s Development Assistance Policy: Legal Framework, Conceptual Ground and Current Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
Iryna Lukianova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
High Scientific Level ◽  
Score Result

Goal – the goal of the present article is to put into perspective the conceptual framework of Norway’s development assistance policy. It argues that the Norwegian approach to development assistance stems from the welfare-state ideology, the position of moralism and the humane internationalism formed due to Norway’s identity as a small state. In this vein, Norway regards development assistance as a crucial way to promote its socio-political values and maintain international stability. Being one of the most generous donors of ODA in proportion to the size of its economy, Norway demonstrates its readiness to have a moral responsibility for the global common good. Research methodology – the methods used in the article are external research of offi cial documents and reports of Norwegian governmental agencies and international organizations, as well as historical analysis of key pillars and trends of Norwegian development assistance. Score/result – the article is distinguished by a high scientific level. Originality/value – the article represents the original complex approach to the pro blem of Norwegian development assistance providing substantial analysis of its legal framework and conceptual ground.

Race, Region, and Gender in American History

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
S. J. KLEINBERG
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Oxford University Press

Catherine Clinton and Michele Gillespie, The Devil's Lane: Sex and Race in the Early South (New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1997, £28.50). Pp. 274. ISBN 0 19 511242 3.Tera Hunter, To ‘Joy My Freedom’: Southern Black Women's Lives and Labors after the Civil War (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997, £19.95). Pp. 311. ISBN 0 674 893 9 3.Theda Perdue, Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700–1835 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998, £38.00). Pp. 252. ISBN 0 8032 3716 2.Vicki L. Ruiz, From Out of the Shadows: Mexican Women in Twentieth-Century America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1998, £24.99). Pp. 240. ISBN 0 19 5114833.The historical study of women has evolved from a consideration of elite women, the quest for suffrage, and women in organized groups to encompass different classes, ethnic groups, and social settings. Writing women back into the historical record has led to a more creative use of data sources, a greater depth of understanding about how societies work on both formal and informal levels, and the exploration of gendered patterns of most aspects of the economy, social structure, and politics. However, the conceptual frameworks of women's history have not kept pace with the expansion of scholarship to encompass a more diverse population.These four books highlight two trends in contemporary historical practice: the inclusion of gender as an essential aspect of our understanding of the past and the use of comparative frameworks to investigate the significance of socially constructed sex roles for society. By contrasting women's lives in different settings and racial groups, the authors illustrate how communities shape gender roles and how those roles influence a wide range of social, political, economic, and cultural events. Gender thus takes its place as a fundamental category of historical analysis without which it is difficult to understand American (or any other) history; women's work, family relationships, voluntary, social, and political activities are as central to understanding society as men's.

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