scholarly journals Phrase Depicting Immoral Behavior Dilates Its Subjective Time Judgment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Jia ◽  
Bingjie Shao ◽  
Xiaocheng Wang ◽  
Zhuanghua Shi
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Time Judgment ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Subjective Duration ◽  
Bisection Task ◽  
Immoral Behavior ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Moral Decisions

Intuitive moral emotions play a major role in forming our opinions and moral decisions. However, it is not yet known how we perceive the subjective time of moral-related information. In this study, we compared subjective durations of phrases depicting immoral, disgust, or neutral behaviors in a duration bisection task and found that phrases depicting immoral behavior were perceived as lasting longer than the neutral and disgusting phrases. By contrast, the subjective duration of the disgusting phrase, unlike the immoral phrase, was comparable to the neutral phrase. Moreover, the lengthening effect of the immoral phrase relative to the neutral phrase was significantly correlated to the anonymously prosocial tendency of the observer. Our findings suggest that immoral phrases induce embodied moral reaction, which alters emotional state and subsequently lengthens subjective time.

scholarly journals Anticipation of aversive visual stimuli lengthens perceived temporal duration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville Johannes Harjunen ◽  
Michiel Spapé ◽  
Niklas Ravaja
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Bisection Task ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Aversive Events ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
Temporal Bisection Task ◽  
Subjective Estimates ◽  
Perceived Duration

AbstractSubjective estimates of elapsed time are sensitive to the fluctuations in an emotional state. While it is well known that dangerous and threatening situations, such as electric shocks or loud noises, are perceived as lasting longer than safe events, it remains unclear whether anticipating a threatening event speeds up or slows down subjective time and what defines the direction of the distortion. We examined whether the anticipation of uncertain visual aversive events resulted in either underestimation or overestimation of perceived duration. The participants did a temporal bisection task, where they estimated durations of visual cues relative to previously learnt long and short standard durations. The colour of the to-be-timed visual cue signalled either a 50% or 0% probability of encountering an aversive image at the end of the interval. The cue durations were found to be overestimated due to anticipation of aversive images, even when no image was shown afterwards. Moreover, the overestimation was more pronounced in people who reported feeling more anxious while anticipating the image. These results demonstrate that anxiogenic anticipation of uncertain visual threats induce temporal overestimation, which questions a recently proposed view that temporal underestimation evoked by uncertain threats is due to anxiety.

scholarly journals Localizing emotions: Soundscape representations through Smartphone Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Angeliki Gazi ◽  
Charalampos Rizopoulos ◽  
Yiannis Christidis
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Circumplex Model ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The City ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

The term “soundscape” refers to a well-defined field that acts as a source of auditory stimuli and whose characteristics are directly related to the listener’s position. The study of soundscapes entails the study of the interplay between the listener and sound, as well as the attribution of representation to auditory information. The investigation of representation is intimately related to the person and emotions, as well as the spatial and auditory aspects of the environment. Emotion is a way of understanding the listeners, their experiences, and the environment. The research described in this paper aimed to identify and investigate the representation of the soundscape through emotional response. The research took place in the city of Limassol, Cyprus. The participants consisted of four groups of 10-15 persons each. A mixed methodological approach was followed – both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed. For the geolocation of the emotional responses that arise as a result of the representation of the urban soundscape in question, a mobile app was developed for the mediated experience; it runs on on Android, it is titled Locomotion, and it provides participants with the ability to indicate their emotional state based on the dimensions of Russell’s (2003) circumplex model of affect. The emotion-related information provided by the participants is overlaid on a map of the city, so that the emotional significance of various units of the urban environment is readily visible.

How Self-Motion in Virtual Reality Affects the Subjective Perception of Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Stefan Weber ◽  
David Weibel ◽  
Fred W. Mast
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Stimulus Motion ◽  
Subjective Duration ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Virtual Experiences ◽  
Self Motion

The velocity of moving stimuli has been linked to their experienced duration. This effect was extended to instances of self-motion, where one’s own movement affects the subjective length of time. However, the experimental evidence for this extension is scarce and the effect of self-motion has not been investigated using a reproduction paradigm. Therefore, we designed a virtual reality scenario that controls for attention and eliminates the confounding effect of velocity and acceleration. The scenario consisted of a virtual road on which participants (n = 26) moved along in a car for six different durations and with six different velocities. We measured the subjective duration of the movement with reproduction and direct numerical estimation. We also assessed levels of presence in the virtual world. Our results show that higher velocity was connected to longer subjective time for both forms of measurement. However, the effect showed deviations from linearity. Presence was not associated with subjective time and did not improve performance on the task. We interpreted the effect of velocity as corroborating previous work using stimulus motion, which showed the same positive association between velocity of movement and subjective time. The absence of an effect of presence was explained in terms of a lacking dependency of time on characteristics of the virtual environment. We suggest applying our findings to the design of virtual experiences intended for inducing time loss.

Service with a conscience: moral dilemmas in customer service roles

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Yagil ◽  
Tamar Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Moral Conflicts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Moral Decisions

Purpose Service employees are frequently exposed to moral dilemmas as a result of their boundary role, attending to the interests of both the organization and customers. The purpose of this paper is to explore organizational and personal values that generate moral dilemmas in the service context, as well as emotions related to employees’ moral decisions. Design/methodology/approach Using the critical incidents technique, data were collected from service providers about moral dilemmas in the workplace. The data were analyzed independently by each author, with an agreement rate of 84-88 percent. Findings The results show that service employees confront dilemmas as a result of conflicts between the following organizational and personal values: standardization vs personalization; profit vs integrity; and emotional display rules vs dignity. Moral decision making involves emotions generated by customer distress, negative emotions toward customers, and emotions of guilt, shame, or fear. Originality/value Little research has studied moral conflicts in service encounters from employees’ perspective. Using a qualitative approach, this study explores the role of personal values and moral emotions in such processes.

Time Estimation and Total Subjective Time

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Subjective Duration ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
Age Model ◽  
Perceived Duration

Techniques for estimation of magnitude were used in a questionnaire given to 100 university students to test the hypothesis that the subjective duration of an interval of actual time decreases in proportion to total subjective time rather than total chronological age. The results supported the subjective time hypothesis for retrospective reports of perceived duration of a year at both one-half and one-quarter of the subject's present age. In both cases the subjective time hypothesis provided a better fit to the data than the chronological age model. The hypothesis of the subjective time model that subjective life-span is equal to the square root of the statistically expected life-span was also tested but was not confirmed.

scholarly journals Stimulus response compatibility affects duration judgments, not the rate of subjective time

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-163
Author(s):  
Alexander Varakin ◽  
Amanda Renfro ◽  
Jason Hays
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Duration ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Spatial Compatibility ◽  
Response Compatibility ◽  
Bisection Task ◽  
Temporal Interval ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Temporal Bisection ◽  
Stimulus Response Compatibility ◽  
Temporal Bisection Task

AbstractThe current experiments examined whether non-temporal associations can affect duration judgments without affecting the rate of subjective time. In both experiments, participants performed a temporal bisection task, judging on each trial whether stimulus’ duration was closer to pre-learned short or long standards. In each experiment, the spatial compatibility between stimuli and responses was manipulated. In both experiments, stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) affected duration judgments: stimuli that were spatially compatible with the key used for long judgments elicited long responses at shorter objective durations than stimuli that were compatible with the key used for short judgments. The size of SRC’s effect did not depend on the magnitude of the standard durations and SRC’s effect was magnified even when SRC was introduced after the relevant temporal interval had ended. Thus, these findings are consistent with the idea that duration judgments can be affected without influencing the rate at which subjective time passes.

Moral Emotions in Family Businesses: Exploring Vicarious Guilt of the Next Generation

2020 ◽  
pp. 089448652094194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Bernhard ◽  
Rania Labaki
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Responsible Behaviors ◽  
Scenario Approach

In this article, we explore intergenerational moral emotions as a psychological root of ethical management practices. We develop a conceptual model of next-generation guilt in family business by building on family systems and identification theories. We test it with a scenario approach depicting an ethical dilemma. Our findings suggest that the less identified the next generation is with the family, the more likely vicarious guilt emerges. Guilt then leads to intentions of more responsible behaviors, such as reparative actions, apologies, and change in business practices. The implications encourage future research on family business guilt and moral decisions across generations.

Harm Transgressions Only Induce Anger, Purity Transgressions Only Induce disgust? Experiment Based on Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Dosage Effect ◽  
Moral Emotion ◽  
Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Moral Foundation ◽  
Immoral Behavior

The perspective of cognition in moral judgment has drawn much attention in early research, but more and more evidences from moral judgment researches have shown that moral emotion plays an important role in it. Under the simple context of moral judgment, Rottman and Young (2019) found dosage effect in moral domain, in detail, it has been proved that individuals are sensitive to the change of frequency of harm transgressions, but insensitive to purity transgressions. The mechanism might be the specific type of moral emotion of specific immoral behavior differ with each other that further caused the difference of sensitivity in dosage. But nowadays there are debate that if specific immoral behavior produces specific moral emotion, or specific immoral behavior produces several moral emotions. Our study aimed to explore the mechanism behind dosage effect and solve the questions above. We used implicit relational assessment procedure to find the automatic correspondences of harm violations – angry and purity violations – disgust. The results showed that no matter what type of stimulus are (In study 1, violations sentences matched emotional pictures; In study 2, violation sentences matched emotional words), participants’ reaction to the consistent relationships were faster than inconsistent relationships, that is, the correspondences we proposed were established. In the study 3, we wanted to find (1) if these correspondences were affected by the type of materials in experiment? (2) The total effect size of correspondences can reach to what extent? Single-paper meta-analysis was conducted and results showed medium to large effect size and the correspondences were not affected by materials, which supported moral foundation theory and provided explanations for dosage effect. Discussion further explained results from relational framework theory and the theory of evolution of emotion. This research provides theoretical framework in moral emotions.

QUANTUM MICROGENESIS: EVOLUTION, SYNCHRONICITY, AND TENSELESSNESS

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
Mark Germine
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Mixed State ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Quantum Nonlocality ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Subjective Duration ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Universe

Quantum nonlocality is described in the context of a subjective duration that has a period of unconscious simultaneity of potentials that are reduced to an actual observably-identical mixed state of consciousness that deposits time and duration at the end of the mental state. Quantum microgenesis involves the observer as the agent of experience, which is a single continuum from depth to surface in the genesis of the mental state, repeating prior states of the individual. Microgenesis is generalized as prior becomings going back to the inception of the Universe. Synchronicity is the fundamental principle of Mind, Self, and consciousness. Mind is always One, which cannot be multiplied. Synchronicity is beyond any process of inanimate quantum nonlocality. It is outside of the physics, as Mind is based on the actualization of the mixed state of the human mind rather than the single quantum eigenstate given by the physics. Consciousness is thus a process of an irreducible and indivisible Mind in ourselves and the acausal realm of synchronicity. The mental-physical process evolves from the unconscious subjective time in the period of simultaneity, proceeding to the actuality of the mixed state of consciousness through synchronicity in its operative role as manifestation of Mind. Periods of unconscious duration and simultaneity exist as potential and only become actual at the synchronous moment of conscious observation at the end of the cyclical mental state.

Coping With Athlete Endorsers’ Immoral Behavior: Roles of Athlete Identification and Moral Emotions on Moral Reasoning Strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Sung Lee ◽  
Dae Hee Kwak ◽  
Jessica R. Braunstein-Minkove
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Consumer Evaluations ◽  
Fan Identification ◽  
Reasoning Strategies ◽  
Immoral Behavior ◽  
Sport Consumer Behavior ◽  
The Individual

Athlete endorsers’ transgressions pose a dilemma for loyal fans who have established emotional attachments toward the individual. However, little is known regarding how fans maintain their support for the wrongdoer. Drawing on moral psychology and social identity theory, the current study proposes and examines a conceptual model incorporating athlete identification, moral emotions, moral reasoning strategies, and consumer evaluations. By using an actual scandal involving an NFL player (i.e., Ray Rice), the results show that fan identification suppresses the experience of negative moral emotions but facilitates fans’ moral disengagement processes, which enables fans to support the wrongdoer. Moreover, negative moral emotions motivate the moral coupling process. Findings contribute to the sport consumer behavior literature that highly identified fans seem to regulate negative emotions but deliberately select moral disengagement reasoning strategies to maintain their positive stance toward the wrongdoer and associated brands.

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