scholarly journals The Sensory and Perceptual Scaffolding of Absorption, Inner Speech, and Self in Psychosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherise Rosen ◽  
Michele Tufano ◽  
Clara S. Humpston ◽  
Kayla A. Chase ◽  
Nev Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
The Individual

This study examines the interconnectedness between absorption, inner speech, self, and psychopathology. Absorption involves an intense focus and immersion in mental imagery, sensory/perceptual stimuli, or vivid imagination that involves decreased self-awareness and alterations in consciousness. In psychosis, the dissolution and permeability in the demarcation between self and one's sensory experiences and perceptions, and also between self-other and/or inter-object boundaries alter one's sense of self. Thus, as the individual integrates these changes new “meaning making” or understanding evolves as part of an ongoing inner dialogue and dialogue with others. This study consisted of 117 participants: 81 participants with psychosis and 36 controls. We first conducted a bivariate correlation to elucidate the relationship between absorption and inner speech. We next conducted hierarchical multiple regressions to examine the effect of absorption and inner speech to predict psychopathology. Lastly, we conducted a network analysis and applied extended Bayesian Information Criterion to select the best model. We showed that in both the control and psychosis group dialogic and emotional/motivational types of inner speech were strongly associated with absorption subscales, apart from the aesthetic subscale in the control group which was not significant, while in psychosis, condensed inner speech was uniquely associated with increased imaginative involvement. In psychosis, we also demonstrated that altered consciousness, dialogic, and emotional/motivational inner speech all predicted positive symptoms. In terms of network associations, imaginative involvement was the most central, influential, and most highly predictive node in the model from which all other nodes related to inner speech and psychopathology are connected. This study shows a strong interrelatedness between absorption, inner speech and psychosis thus identifying potentially fertile ground for future research and directions, particularly in the exploration into the underlying construct of imaginative involvement in psychotic symptoms.

Reduced Jumping to Conclusion Bias after Experimentally Induced Enhancement of Subjective Body Boundaries in Psychosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Naomi Lyons ◽  
Detlef E. Dietrich ◽  
Johannes Graser ◽  
Georg Juckel ◽  
Christian Koßmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Relevant Factor ◽  
The Core ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Explicit Measure ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Core Features

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> A disturbed sense of self is frequently discussed as an etiological factor for delusion symptoms in psychosis. Phenomenological approaches to psychopathology posit that lacking the sense that the self is localized within one’s bodily boundaries (disembodiment) is one of the core features of the disturbed self in psychosis. The present study examines this idea by experimentally manipulating the sense of bodily boundaries. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Seventy-three patients with psychosis were randomly assigned to either a 10-min, guided self-massage in the experimental group (EG) to enhance the sense of bodily boundaries or a control group (CG), which massaged a fabric ring. Effects on an implicit measure (jumping to conclusion bias; JTC) and an explicit measure (Brief State Paranoia Checklist; BSPC) of delusion processes were assessed. The JTC measures the tendency to make a decision with little evidence available, and the BSPC explicitly measures the approval of paranoid beliefs. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients in the EG showed a lower JTC (<i>M</i> = 4.11 draws before decision) than the CG (<i>M</i> = 2.43; Cohen’s <i>d</i> = 0.64). No significant difference in the BSPC was observed. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Our results indicate that enhancing the sense of body boundaries through a self-massage can reduce an implicit bias associated with delusional ideation and correspondingly support the idea that disembodiment might be a relevant factor in the formation of psychotic symptoms.

Acquiring variable commands at home and abroad: Examining optatives and imperatives in L1 and L2 Spanish

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-113
Author(s):  
Farrah Neumann ◽  
Matthew Kanwit
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
At Home

AbstractSince many linguistic structures are variable (i. e. conveyed by multiple forms), building a second-language grammar critically involves developing sociolinguistic competence (Canale and Swain. 1980. Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics 1(1). 1–47), including knowledge of contexts in which to use one form over another (Bayley and Langman. 2004. Variation in the group and the individual: Evidence from second language acquisition. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 42(4). 303–318). Consequently, researchers interested in such competence have increasingly analyzed the study-abroad context to gauge learners’ ability to approximate local norms following a stay abroad, due to the quality and quantity of input to which learners may gain access (Lafford. 2006. The effects of study abroad vs. classroom contexts on Spanish SLA: Old assumptions, new insights and future research directions. In Carol Klee & Timothy Face (eds.), Selected proceedings of the 7th conference on the acquisition of Spanish and Portuguese as first and second languages, 1–25. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project). Nevertheless, the present study is the first to examine native or learner variation between imperative (e. g. ven ‘come’) and optative Spanish commands (e. g. que vengas ‘come’). We first performed a corpus analysis to determine the linguistic factors to manipulate in a contextualized task, which elicited commands from learners before and after four weeks abroad in Alcalá de Henares, Spain. Their overall rates of selection and predictive factors were compared to local native speakers (NSs) and a control group of at-home learners.Results revealed that the abroad learners more closely approached NS rates of selection following the stay abroad. Nonetheless, for both learner groups conditioning by independent variables only partially approximated the NS system, which was more complex than previously suggested.

Long-Term Changes in Experienced Yoga Practitioners

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Frederick T. Travis
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Meditation Practice ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Higher States Of Consciousness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Object Relationship

This chapter explores subjective and objective correlates of the state of Yoga during Transcendental Meditation practice. Yoga fits the three criteria of a higher state of consciousness: (1) Yoga has a different subject/object relationship than other states. In Yoga there is no content—only self-awareness. (2) Yoga involves a more expanded sense-of-self. Content analysis of descriptions of Yoga yielded three themes: the absence of time, absence of space and absence of body sense. Yoga is the most universal aspect of the individual. (3) Yoga is defined by distinct physiological patterns. Slowing of breath, autonomic orienting and frontal alpha1 brain coherence are reported during the state of Yoga. The integration of Yoga with waking, sleeping and dreaming also fits the criteria for being a higher state of consciousness, called Cosmic Consciousness in the Vedic tradition. The chapter ends with the conclusion that growth of higher states of consciousness is the most important result of experiencing the state of Yoga. Then, life is lived in freedom.

“All the Different Pieces of Me Being Integrated”: Religion/Spirituality and Identity in Working Christian Mothers

2021 ◽  
pp. 009164712199063
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Laney ◽  
Lisa A. Carruthers ◽  
M. Elizabeth Lewis Hall ◽  
Tamara L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spiritual Identity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theory Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Grounded Theory Method ◽  
Women's Lives

The current qualitative study explored experiences of religion/spirituality and their impact on women’s identities among Christian working mothers in academia. Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data analyzed using the grounded theory method. The resultant themes reflected the roles and functions of religion/spirituality in women’s lives and in their identities, primarily by establishing a core sense of self that unified all of their roles and “selves.” Religion/spirituality also served as meaning-making frameworks that provided purpose both to the self and to each of the women’s roles, while religion/spirituality also pervaded every aspect of the self, coloring women’s experience and driving their decisions. Further, women discussed religion/spirituality providing a sense of purpose by which they could pursue actualization and transcendence through generative means in each of their roles. The results indicate that spiritual identity may be a broader and more fundamental element of identity than previously considered. Implications of the current data and suggestions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparing the Effect of Spiritual Intelligence and Personal Intelligence Training on compatibility, accountability, and Legitimacy in 14-16-year-old students

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-108
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Intelligence ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
Academic Year

Background: Personal intelligence is the ability to understand and regulate emotions relying on a sense of self-awareness. The present study aimed to compare the effect of spiritual intelligence and personal intelligence training on the adaptability, responsibility, and legitimacy of students. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted based on a pre-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included 160 individuals within the age range of 14-16 years in the academic year 2018. In the current study, the education office of the region called for cooperation, and 60 students were selected by random sampling from among the volunteers who were willing to participate. The participants were assigned to three groups of spiritual intelligence (n=20), personal intelligence (n=20), and control group (n=20); thereafter, the experimental groups were subjected to 10 training sessions. The data collection instruments included the social compatibility questionnaire developed by Pekol and Weisman and responsibility and legitimacy questionnaire designed by Alipour. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software using multivariate covariance. Results: As evidenced by the results of the current study, spiritual intelligence and personal intelligence training had a significant impact on compatibility, responsibility, and legitimacy of students (P<0.05). Two-by-two comparison of intervention methods of spiritual intelligence and personal intelligence training indicated that personal intelligence training improved studentschr('39') compatibility, responsibility, and legitimacy. Furthermore, it was found that personal intelligence training had a more dramatic impact on compatibility, responsibility, and legitimacy of the students, compared to spiritual intelligence. Conclusion: It can be concluded that spiritual intelligence and personal intelligence training increased the compatibility, accountability, and legitimacy of 14-16-year-old students.

scholarly journals When you are talking to yourself, is anybody listening? The relationship between inner speech, self-awareness, wellbeing, and multiple aspects of self-regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
Paul Verhaeghen ◽  
Grazia Mirabito
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Moral Foundation ◽  
Attention Regulation ◽  
Inner Dialogue ◽  
High Level

This correlational study of 433 adults (260 college students and 173 Mechanical-Turk workers) examined how the selfreported functions and experienced phenomenology of habitual inner speech (action guidance, problem solving/search, memory/attention regulation, emotion regulation, evaluate/motivate, other voices, inner dialogue, condensed speech) relate to self-awareness (self-reflection and controlled sense-of-self in the moment), potentially influence high-level aspects of self-regulation (self-preoccupation, self-compassion, wisdom, and the moral foundations of individualizing and binding), and psychological wellbeing. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed partial and mutual mediation between inner speech variables and self-awareness variables. Self-awareness was more consistently associated with self-regulation. The only inner speech variables associated with self-regulation in a beneficial way were memory/attention regulation (for wisdom about the self and the individualizing moral foundation) and evaluate/motivate (for the binding moral foundation). These findings suggest that, with the exception just described, inner speech (with the present dependent variables, and in adults) is easiest understood as an epiphenomenon.

scholarly journals Anomalous Bodily Maps of Emotions in Schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1060-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lénie J Torregrossa ◽  
Matthew A Snodgress ◽  
Seok Jin Hong ◽  
Heathman S Nichols ◽  
Enrico Glerean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Mapping Tool ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Emotional Deficits

Abstract Objective Embodied emotions arise from interoceptive and somatosensory processes, and are essential to the development of a stable sense of self. Emotional embodiment is therefore inherently interwoven with our sense of bodily self-awareness, and allows us to navigate complex social situations. Given that the core feature of schizophrenia (SZ) is characterized by the presence of bodily self-disturbances and social-emotional deficits, we hypothesized that embodiment of emotion would be disrupted in SZ. Method Twenty-six medicated individuals with SZ and 26 demographically matched controls used a computerized topographical mapping tool (“EmBODY”) to indicate on a body outline where they felt bodily sensations while experiencing an emotion. There were 13 different emotions plus a neutral state. The resulting bodily maps of emotions were quantitatively compared between groups using linear discriminant analysis and similarity scores. Results Bodily maps of emotions were anomalous in SZ as indicated by indistinguishable maps across different emotions. Relative to the control group, patients reported less discrete and less clear bodily sensations across emotions. In particular, bodily maps for low-arousal emotions were atypical in comparison with healthy controls. Conclusions Anomalous and undifferentiated mapping of embodied emotions in SZ could lead to deficits in linking bodily sensations to conceptual categories of emotions. Disrupted emotional embodiment could also contribute to poor social functioning. Abnormal bodily sensations of emotions might therefore be a promising target for future psychosocial interventions.

scholarly journals Awakening the Sensible Being (ASB) as experienced by physicians: development of a theoretical model

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josée Lachance ◽  
Jean-François Desbiens ◽  
Marianne Xhignesse
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Preliminary Model ◽  
The Individual

Background / Purpose: Awakening the “Sensible” Being (ASB) is a formative practice geared toward care giving and support. It examines how experiencing one’s own body and its movement stimulates the development of self-awareness and awareness of others, both of which are desirable qualities for healthcare professionals. To our knowledge there is no theoretical model regarding the process that occurs and its potential effects on participants.Based on our research with physicians having undergone ASB training, we developed such a preliminary model. Methods: Grounded theory was used for a secondary analysis of thesis data (Lachance 2016). This analysis was inspired by the relationship between learning and caring (Honoré 1992, 2003) and the integration of consciousness according to Newman’s (1990, 1997) concept of health. Results: The model is one of concentric circles. ASB training fosters the development of an internal dialogue in individuals (center of the model) which has effects on their personal life and by ricochet, their professional activities (periphery of the model). Their expanded sense of self-awareness and quality of “savoir-être” brought on by the training contributes to their impression of “feeling whole” and provides them with a quality of presence that influences the type of care they can provide to their patients by considering the individual as a whole. Conclusion: Behind a physician, there is a human being with human qualities enabling them to be a better physician. Our model underlines the importance of developing the inner self as a background to becoming a better health professional. 

scholarly journals THE PHENOMENON OF "ECOLOGICAL SELF-AWARENESS" AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ECOLOGICAL TOURISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 909-913
Author(s):  
Valentina NAKONECHNYKH ◽  
◽  
Margarita ZHURAVLEVA ◽  
Svetlana VOLOKHOVA ◽  
Marina VILCHINSKAIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Empirical Parameter ◽  
Ecological Self ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Emotional Value ◽  
Ecological Tourism ◽  
First Time ◽  
Experimental Group

The concept of "ecological self-awareness" is an integral part of ecological tourism. Ecological tourism is considered in a broad and a narrow aspects. In a broad aspect ecotourism is a market capitalization of the environmental benefits of some regions and the whole country. The Purpose of the research is to detect the influence of ecological self-awareness on the development of ecological tourism. For the first time, from the individual-centered, humanistic, holistic standpoint, the category of ecological self-awareness is defined as complex mental phenomenon, which integrates cognitive, emotional, value and behavioral components, which enhance the attitude of individuals towards ecotourism. The data were collected from the experimental and the control groups by calculating the empirical parameter value. The scale of ranks were used to measure the results. The results show positive changes in ecological self-awareness in the experimental group. The dynamics of the changes in the experimental group is much higher than in the control group. This fact let us assert that the applied formation technology has its effectiveness. The ecological self-awareness is directly related to ecological education and influences the development of ecotourism.

scholarly journals Self-Transformations of Health Professionals in the Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josée Lachance ◽  
Richard B. Hovey ◽  
Jean-François Desbiens
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
The Individual

 Health does not arise from health care. Perhaps we are facing an impasse and should we reconsider and reconceptualize the mandate of the health system. In order to improve our influence on the culture that often prevails in our institutions as well as the health of those institutions. This article examines the changes to the mandate of the health system seen in the light of self-transformations. This vision is based on a model that illustrates the transformations experienced by physicians following a mind-body training, i.e. Awakening the Sensible Being (ASB). The model shows the transformation process reported by physicians, after experiencing self-awareness of what they are doing, through experiencing the ASB, while developing a closer relationship with themselves. As it turned out, the training was beneficial for their health. Their expanded sense of self-awareness and quality of “savoir-être” brought on by the training contributes to their impression of “feeling whole” and provides them with a quality of presence that influences the type of care they can provide to their patients by considering the individual as a whole. This point of view could bring about a shift in the mandate of the health system and improve the health of caregivers and care-receivers as well, while contributing to widen the concept of health.

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