Potential Transdiagnostic Lipid Mediators of Inflammatory Activity in Individuals With Serious Mental Illness

Mental disorders are heterogeneous and psychiatric comorbidities are common. Previous studies have suggested a link between inflammation and mental disorders. This link can manifest as increased levels of proinflammatory mediators in circulation and as signs of neuroinflammation. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that individuals suffering from psychiatric disorders have increased risk of developing metabolic comorbidities. Our group has previously shown that, in a cohort of low-functioning individuals with serious mental disorders, there is increased expression of genes associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome, a known sensor of metabolic perturbations, as well as increased levels of IL-1-family cytokines. In the current study, we set out to explore the interplay between disease-specific changes in lipid metabolism and known markers of inflammation. To this end, we performed mass spectrometry-based lipidomic analysis of plasma samples from low-functioning individuals with serious mental disorders (n = 39) and matched healthy controls (n = 39). By identifying non-spurious immune-lipid associations, we derived a partial correlation network of inflammatory markers and molecular lipids. We identified levels of lipids as being altered between individuals with serious mental disorders and controls, showing associations between lipids and inflammatory mediators, e.g., osteopontin and IL-1 receptor antagonist. These results indicate that, in low-functioning individuals with serious mental disorders, changes in specific lipids associate with immune mediators that are known to affect neuroinflammatory diseases.

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Risks of Major Mental Disorders and Irritable Bowel Syndrome among the Offspring of Parents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Nationwide Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4679

Author(s):

Ta-Chuan Yeh ◽

Ya-Mei Bai ◽

Shih-Jen Tsai ◽

Tzeng-Ji Chen ◽

Chih-Sung Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Early Implementation ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder that is highly comorbid with mental disorders. However, few studies have examined the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia in the offspring of parents with IBS. We used nationally representative cross-sectional survey data to analyze cross-generational transmission patterns of both IBS and major mental disorders. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated by using logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Offspring of parents with IBS were more likely to develop IBS themselves (OR = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.09–2.78), ADHD (OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.08–1.62), and MDD (OR = 1.32, 95% CI, 1.04–1.68) than the controls. Data stratification by parental sex revealed that paternal IBS increased risk of ADHD (OR = 1.34, 95% CI, 1.01–1.77) in the offspring, while maternal IBS increased the risk of MDD (OR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.11–2.06). This is the first study to reveal parental IBS is associated with IBS, ADHD, and MDD among offspring, suggesting the necessity for early implementation of prevention strategies for at-risk children.

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Setting the scene: controversies on trends in mental health among adolescents in the Nordic countries

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1064 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

C Eriksson ◽

A M Arnasson ◽

N Lyyra ◽

K R Madsen ◽

T Torsheim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Services ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Health Services ◽

Adolescent Mental Health ◽

Nordic Countries ◽

Daily Hassles ◽

Data Availability ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Advanced Analysis

Abstract At present there are different positions regarding trends in adolescent mental health. Can we trust trend data on the mental health among adolescents in the Nordic countries? Some question the trustworthiness of adolescent self-reports, which describe ordinary daily hassles as health complaints, which cannot be interpreted as signs of mental disorders. In addition, today there is a more open climate for talking about mental issues, which can lead to an overestimation of the prevalence of mental disorders. Statistics on mental health services statistics report increased psychopharmaceutic prescriptions as well as consumption of professional care. Such data argues for increased governmental investment in adolescent mental health services. Is this pattern due to increased availability of mental health services and/or increased prevalence of mental health problems in the adolescent population? A concern is that data availability influences policymaking and allocation of resources. If there is an emphasis on self-reported data from adolescents that may an increased risk of medicalization of young people's dealing with their daily lives. If on the other hand the reported problems among young people is disregarded, this would be against the UN Child Convention. The survey data has important qualities especially if the data is analysed and reported properly. The validation of survey measure has been done both regarding psychometric quality and content validity. Advanced analysis of the data can draw a more nuanced picture. Moreover, some screening instruments have been developed as a first step towards making diagnosis. Instead the HBSC surveys ask boys and girls about their health and well-being, social environment and health behaviours. HBSC uses findings at national and international levels to gain new insights into young people's health and wellbeing, understand the social determinants of health, and inform policy and practice to improve young people's lives.

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51: INCREASED RISK OF MENTAL DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH CHILDHOOD INVASIVE MECHANICAL VENTILATION

Critical Care Medicine ◽

10.1097/01.ccm.0000618704.30791.52 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 26-26

Author(s):

Andrew Geneslaw ◽

Yewei Lu ◽

May Hua ◽

Caleb Miles ◽

Jeffrey Edwards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Increased Risk

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Occupational class inequalities in disability retirement after hospitalisation

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494817726618 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 331-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Olli Pietiläinen ◽

Mikko Laaksonen ◽

Eero Lahelma ◽

Aino Salonsalmi ◽

Ossi Rahkonen

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Occupational Class ◽

Disability Retirement ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Professional Class

Aims: This study aimed to investigate whether hospitalisation is associated with increased risk of disability retirement differently across four occupational classes. Methods: 170,510 employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland were followed from 1990 to 2013 using national registers for hospitalisations and disability retirement. Increases in the risk of disability retirement after hospitalisation for any cause, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, mental disorders, malignant neoplasms, respiratory diseases and injuries were assessed across four occupational classes: professional, semi-professional, routine non-manual and manual, using competing risks models. Results: In general, hospitalisation showed a slightly more increased risk of disability retirement in the lower ranking occupational classes. Hospitalisation among women for mental disorders showed a more increased risk in the professional class (hazard ratio 14.73, 95% confidence interval 12.67 to 17.12) compared to the routine manual class (hazard ratio 7.27, 95% confidence interval 6.60 to 8.02). Occupational class differences were similar for men and women. The risk of disability retirement among women increased most in the routine non-manual class after hospitalisation for musculoskeletal disorders and injuries, and most in the professional class after hospitalisation for cardiovascular diseases. The corresponding risks among men increased most in the two lowest ranking classes after hospitalisation for injuries. Conclusions: Ill-health as measured by hospitalisation affected disability retirement in four occupational classes differently, and the effects also varied by the diagnostic group of hospitalisation. Interventions that tackle work disability should consider the impact of ill-health on functioning while taking into account working conditions in each occupational class.

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Deployment-Related Traumatic Events and Suicidal Behaviours in a Nationally Representative Sample of Canadian Armed Forces Personnel

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0706743717699174 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (11) ◽

pp. 795-804 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jitender Sareen ◽

Tracie O. Afifi ◽

Tamara Taillieu ◽

Kristene Cheung ◽

Sarah Turner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Abuse ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Suicidal Behaviour ◽

Traumatic Events ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Canadian Armed Forces ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Individual ◽

Suicidal Plans

Objective: Worldwide, there has been substantial controversy with respect to whether military deployment is a risk factor for suicidal behaviour. The present study examined the relationship between lifetime exposure to deployment and deployment-related traumatic events (DRTEs) and past-year suicidal ideation (SI), suicidal plans (SP), and suicidal attempts (SA). Method: Data were analysed from the 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey (8161 respondents; response rate, 79.8%; aged 18-60 years). A total of 12 individual items assessed exposure to DRTEs (e.g., combat, witnessing human atrocities, feeling responsible for the death of Canadian or ally personnel, knowing someone who was injured or killed). We examined each individual DRTE type as well as the number of types of DRTEs in relation to suicidal behaviour. Results: Lifetime deployment was not significantly associated with suicidal behaviour. In models adjusted for sociodemographic variables, most of the individual DRTE items and the DRTE count variable were significantly associated with suicidal behaviours (adjusted odds ratio ranged between 1.10 and 5.32). When further adjusting for child abuse exposure, these associations were minimally attenuated, and some became nonsignificant. In models adjusting for mental disorders and child abuse, most DRTEs and number of types of DRTEs became nonsignificant in relation to SI, SP, and SA. Conclusions: Active military personnel exposed to increasing number of DRTEs are at increased risk for SI, SP, and SA. However, most of the association between DRTEs and suicidal behaviour is accounted for by child abuse exposure and mental disorders.

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Excess mortality of mental disorder

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.173.1.11 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 173 (1) ◽

pp. 11-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1128

Author(s):

Clare Harris ◽

Brian Barraclough

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

English Language ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Premature Death ◽

Medline Search ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Standardised Mortality Ratios ◽

The Common

BackgroundWe describe the increased risk of premature death from natural and from unnatural causes for the common mental disorders.MethodWith a Medline search (1966–1995) we found 152 English language reports on the mortality of mental disorder which met our inclusion criteria. From these reports, covering 27 mental disorder categories and eight treatment categories, we calculated standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all causes of death, all natural causes and all unnatural causes; and for most, SMRs for suicide, other violent causes and specific natural causes.ResultsHighest risks of premature death, from both natural and unnatural causes, are for substance abuse and eating disorders. Risk of death from unnatural causes is especially high for the functional disorders, particularly schizophrenia and major depression. Deaths from natural causes are markedly increased for organic mental disorders, mental retardation and epilepsy.ConclusionAll mental disorders have an increased risk of premature death.

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Mental disorders and risk of suicide attempt in prisoners

10.31234/osf.io/5fhgu ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Louis Favril

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Prison Population ◽

Total Sample ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Mere Presence

Background: Mental disorders are overrepresented in prisoners, placing them at an increased risk of suicide. Advancing our understanding of how different mental disorders relate to distinct stages of the suicidal process—the transition from ideation to action—would provide valuable information for clinical risk assessment in this high-risk population. Methods: Data were drawn from a representative sample of 1212 adults (1093 men) incarcerated across 13 New Zealand prisons, accounting for 14% of the national prison population. Guided by an ideation-to-action framework, three mutually exclusive groups of participants were compared on the presence of mental disorders assessed by validated DSM-IV diagnostic criteria: prisoners without any suicidal history (controls; n = 778), prisoners who thought about suicide but never made a suicide attempt (ideators; n = 187), and prisoners who experienced suicidal ideation and acted on such thoughts (attempters; n = 247). Results: One-third (34.6%) of participants reported a lifetime history of suicidal ideation, of whom 55.6% attempted suicide (19.2% of all prisoners). Suicidal outcomes in the absence of mental disorders were rare. Whilst each disorder increased the odds of suicidal ideation (OR range 1.73–4.13) and suicide attempt (OR range 1.82–4.05) in the total sample (n = 1212), only a select subset of disorders was associated with suicide attempt among those with suicidal ideation (n = 434). Drug dependence (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.10-2.48), alcohol dependence (OR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.26-2.85), and posttraumatic stress disorder (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.37-3.17) distinguished attempters from ideators. Conclusion: Consistent with many epidemiological studies in the general population, our data suggest that most mental disorders are best conceptualized as risk factors for suicidal ideation rather than for suicide attempt. Once prisoners consider suicide, other biopsychosocial factors beyond the mere presence of mental disorders may account for the progression from thoughts to acts of suicide.

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When children of problem drinkers grow old: Does the increased risk of mental disorders persist?

Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.03.003 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 2284-2291 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Pim Cuijpers ◽

Bas Steunenberg ◽

Annemieke van Straten

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Problem Drinkers ◽

Increased Risk

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Increased liver stiffness in patients with severe sleep apnoea and metabolic comorbidities

European Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1183/13993003.00601-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 1800601 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Wojciech Trzepizur ◽

Jérôme Boursier ◽

Marc Le Vaillant ◽

Pierre-Henri Ducluzeau ◽

Séverine Dubois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Liver Stiffness ◽

Sleep Apnoea ◽

Screening Tools ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Metabolic Comorbidities

The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), one of the most accurate noninvasive screening tools for liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.The study included 147 patients with at least one criterion for the metabolic syndrome, assessed by polysomnography for suspected OSA. LSM was performed using transient elastography (FibroScan). Significant liver disease and advanced liver fibrosis were defined as LSM ≥7.3 and ≥9.6 kPa, respectively.23 patients were excluded because of unreliable LSM. Among 124 patients, 34 (27.4%) had mild OSA, 38 (30.6%) had moderate OSA and 52 (42.0%) had severe OSA. LSM values were 7.3– <9.6 kPa in 18 (14.5%) patients and ≥9.6 kPa in 15 (12.1%) patients. A dose–response relationship was observed between OSA severity and LSM values (p=0.004). After adjustment for age, sex, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, severe OSA was associated with an increased risk of LSM ≥7.3 kPa (OR 7.17, 95% CI 2.51–20.50) and LSM ≥9.6 kPa (OR 4.73, 95% CI 1.25–17.88).In patients with metabolic comorbidities, severe OSA is independently associated with increased liver stiffness, which may predispose to a higher risk of significant liver disease and poorer prognosis.

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Maternal iron deficiency alters trophoblast differentiation and placental development in rat pregnancy

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endocr/bqab215 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hannah Roberts ◽

Andrew G Woodman ◽

Kelly J Baines ◽

Mariyan J Jeyarajah ◽

Stephane L Bourque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Iron Homeostasis ◽

Junctional Zone ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Iron Deficient ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Maternal Iron

Abstract Iron deficiency occurs when iron demands chronically exceed intake, and is prevalent in pregnant women. Iron deficiency during pregnancy poses major risks for the baby, including fetal growth restriction and long-term health complications. The placenta serves as the interface between a pregnant mother and her baby, and ensures adequate nutrient provisions for the fetus. Thus, maternal iron deficiency may impact fetal growth and development by altering placental function. We used a rat model of diet-induced iron deficiency to investigate changes in placental growth and development. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a low-iron or iron-replete diet starting two weeks before mating. Compared to controls, both maternal and fetal hemoglobin were reduced in dams fed low-iron diets. Iron deficiency decreased fetal liver and body weight, but not brain, heart or kidney weight. Placental weight was increased in iron deficiency, due primarily to expansion of the placental junctional zone. The stimulatory effect of iron deficiency on junctional zone development was recapitulated in vitro, as exposure of rat trophoblast stem cells to the iron chelator deferoxamine increased differentiation toward junctional zone trophoblast subtypes. Gene expression analysis revealed 464 transcripts changed at least 1.5-fold (P<0.05) in placentas from iron-deficient dams, including altered expression of genes associated with oxygen transport and lipoprotein metabolism. Expression of genes associated with iron homeostasis was unchanged despite differences in levels of their encoded proteins. Our findings reveal robust changes in placentation during maternal iron deficiency, which could contribute to the increased risk of fetal distress in these pregnancies.

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