scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination Rates in a Cohort Study of Patients With Mental Illness in Residential and Community Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Mazereel ◽  
Tom Vanbrabant ◽  
Franciska Desplenter ◽  
Johan Detraux ◽  
Livia De Picker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Patients with mental illness are at increased risk for COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. Vaccination against COVID-19 is important to prevent or mitigate these negative consequences. However, concerns have been raised over vaccination rates in these patients.Methods: We retrospectively examined vaccine uptake in a large sample of Belgian patients admitted to or residing in a university psychiatric hospital or community mental health care setting between 29th of March 2021 and 30th of September 2021 in the Flanders Region. All patients were offered vaccination. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with vaccine uptake.Results: 2,105 patients were included in the sample, of which 1,931 agreed to be vaccinated, corresponding with a total vaccination rate of 91.7%. Logistic regression showed an effect of the diagnosis “other disorders” (OR = 0.08, CI = 0.005–0.45), age (OR = 1.03, CI = 1.02–1.04) and residing in the psychosocial care center (OR = 0.50, CI = 0.32–0.80) on vaccination status.Conclusion: Vaccine uptake among people with mental illness is high and comparable to the general population, when implementing a targeted vaccination program.

Abstract P271: Influenza and Herpes Zoster Vaccination in United States Stroke Survivors: A Nationwide Analysis

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu Ji Hwang ◽  
Setareh Salehi Omran ◽  
Saad Mir ◽  
Alexander E Merkler ◽  
Hooman Kamel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prior Stroke

Introduction: Patients with stroke face an increased risk of contracting influenza and herpes zoster. We compared vaccination rates in stroke survivors versus the general United States population. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which is an annual, nationally representative, health survey. Respondents are asked about medical conditions and care. We used the most recent years with complete data for influenza (2018) and zoster (2017). We utilized survey procedures to estimate CDC-recommended vaccination rates for influenza (annual vaccination for all) and zoster (one-time vaccination for those at least 50 years old). Multiple logistic regression was used to compare the odds of vaccination in those with and without prior stroke, while adjusting for demographics (including income and health insurance) and comorbidities that may influence vaccination rates (obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, pulmonary disease, and smoking). Results: In 2018, 8,254,136 (3.4%; 95% CI, 3.3-3.5) Americans were stroke survivors. The influenza vaccination rate was 44.4% (95% CI, 42.8-46.2) in stroke survivors and 32.8% (95% CI, 32.5-33.1) otherwise. In unadjusted models, stroke survivors were more likely to have had an influenza vaccination in the past year than those without stroke (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.5-1.8). In 2017, 5,839,186 (5.7%; 95% CI, 5.5-5.9) Americans over 50 years old (i.e., eligible for zoster vaccination) were stroke survivors. The zoster vaccination rate was 30.3% (95% CI, 28.8-32.0) in stroke survivors and 27.6% (95% CI, 27.3-28.0) in those without prior stroke. Stroke survivors were more likely to have had zoster vaccination than those without stroke (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06-1.23). However, after accounting for demographics and comorbidities, stroke survivors were not more likely to be vaccinated for influenza (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.93-1.10) or zoster (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.90-1.12). Conclusion: Stroke survivors were not vaccinated at higher rates than expected based on demographics and comorbidities, and absolute vaccination rates were low, especially for zoster. Efforts to increase vaccination after stroke may be needed.

scholarly journals Plagues, pandemics and epidemics in Irish history prior to COVID-19 (coronavirus): what can we learn?

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Irish History ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
The 19Th Century

Objectives:This paper seeks to provide a brief overview of epidemics and pandemics in Irish history and to identify any lessons that might be useful in relation to psychiatry in the context of COVID-19.Methods:A review of selected key reports, papers and publications related to epidemics and pandemics in Irish history was conducted.Results:Viruses, epidemics and pandemics are recurring features of human history. Early Irish sources record a broad array of plagues, pandemics and epidemics including bubonic plague, typhus, cholera, dysentery and smallpox, as well as an alleged epidemic of insanity in the 19th century (that never truly occurred). Like the Spanish flu pandemic (1918–20), COVID-19 (a new coronavirus) presents both the challenge of the illness itself and the problems caused by the anxiety that the virus triggers. Managing this anxiety has always been a challenge, especially with the Spanish flu. People with mental illness had particularly poor outcomes with the Spanish flu, often related to the large, unhygienic mental hospitals in which so many were housed.Conclusions:Even today, a full century after the Spanish flu pandemic, people with mental illness remain at increased risk of poor physical health, so it is imperative that multi-disciplinary care continues during the current outbreak of COVID-19, despite the manifest difficulties involved. The histories of previous epidemics and pandemics clearly demonstrate that good communication and solidarity matter, now more than ever, especially for people with mental illness.

scholarly journals Diabetic retinopathy screening in persons with mental illness: a literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elinor Rhian Bradley ◽  
Vijay Delaffon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy Screening ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Preventative Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Health Programmes ◽  
Retinopathy Screening

People living with severe mental illness (SMI) have an increased risk of developing diabetes and are less likely to spontaneously report physical health concerns; they may therefore derive greater benefit from attending screening to prevent diabetic retinopathy.We conducted a literature review to consider the uptake of diabetic retinopathy screening (DRS) in people with mental illness.People with a diagnosis of SMI and those with self-reported mental ill-health have reduced attendance at DRS, within the context of poorer compliance with general diabetic care. Anxiety and depression were noted as barriers in attending DRS.People living with SMI require additional support to benefit from preventative health programmes such as DRS. Further research could support a better understanding of barriers to attendance, allowing effective support systems to be developed.

Mental Health Stigma: What's Been Done? Where to Go?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s245-s245
Author(s):  
P. Macedo ◽  
M. Silva ◽  
A. Fornelos ◽  
A.R. Figueiredo ◽  
S. Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Mental Health Stigma ◽  
Public Stigma ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionNegative attitudes towards psychiatric patients still exist in our society. Persons suffering from mental illness frequently encounter public stigma and may internalize it leading to self-stigma. Discrimination occurs across many aspects of economic and social existence. It may represent a barrier for patients to receive appropriate care. Many anti-stigma campaigns have been taken to decrease people's prejudice, but its effects are not well documented.ObjectivesTo characterize anti-stigma initiatives and its effects on diminishing negative consequences of stigma.MethodsBibliographical research using PubMed using the keywords “stigma” and “mental illness”.ResultsDespite several approaches to eradicate stigma, it shows a surprising consistency in population levels. It was expected that focus on education would decrease stigma levels. The same was expected following concentration on the genetic causation of pathology. Most studies have revealed that education has little value and endorsing genetic attributions has led to a greater pessimism on the efficacy of mental health services, sense of permanence and guilty feelings within the family.ConclusionPublic stigma has had a major impact on many people with mental illness, especially when leading to self-stigma, interfering with various aspects in life, including work, housing, health care, social life and self-esteem. As Goffman elucidated, stigma is fundamentally a social phenomenon rooted in social relationships and shaped by the culture and structure of society. Social inclusion has been pointed as a potential direction of change.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Barriers, attitudes, confidence, and knowledge of nurses regarding metabolic health screening and intervention in people with mental illness: a pilot study from Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2546-2554
Author(s):  
Davy Vancampfort ◽  
Andrew Watkins ◽  
Philip B Ward ◽  
Michel Probst ◽  
Marc De Hert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
African Countries ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: People with mental illness are at an increased risk for developing cardio-metabolic disorders. Routine screening following pharmacotherapy is however unacceptably low in sub-Saharan African countries with less than 1% adequately screened. It is unknown whether this is due to a lack of adequate competences.Objectives: The aim of this pilot study was to assess the barriers, attitudes, confidence, and knowledge of nurses regarding metabolic health, prevention and treatment in Uganda.Methods: Twenty-eight nurses (39% female, 30.9±6.9 years) completed the Metabolic – Barriers, Confidence, Attitudes and Knowledge Questionnaire and the physical activity prescription rate item of the Exercise in Mental Illness Questionnaire.Results: More than 75% had a positive attitude towards metabolic screening and intervention and more than 50% were confident in providing smoking cessation advice, and physical activity and nutritional counseling. However, 57% stated that their heavy workload prevented them from doing health screening and promotion activities. There was a negative correlation (ρ=-0.54, P=0.003) between the frequency of physical activity prescription and the perception of the inability of patients to change.Conclusion: The present findings suggest that nurses are generally supportive of metabolic health screening and intervention but their high workload prevents them from implementing metabolic health interventions.Keywords: Exercise, diet, metabolic syndrome, screening, smoking.

scholarly journals Mobility network reveals the impact of geographic vaccination heterogeneity on COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Eaman Jahani ◽  
Shengjia Zhao ◽  
Yong-Yeol Ahn ◽  
Alex Pentland
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hub Effect ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACTMassive vaccination is one of the most effective epidemic control measures. Because one’s vaccination decision is shaped by social processes (e.g., socioeconomic sorting and social contagion), the pattern of vaccine uptake tends to show strong social and geographical heterogeneity, such as urban-rural divide and clustering. Yet, little is known to what extent and how the vaccination heterogeneity affects the course of outbreaks. Here, leveraging the unprecedented availability of data and computational models produced during the COVID-19 pandemic, we investigate two network effects—the “hub effect” (hubs in the mobility network usually have higher vaccination rates) and the “homophily effect” (neighboring places tend to have similar vaccination rates). Applying Bayesian deep learning and fine-grained simulations for the U.S., we show that stronger homophily leads to more infections while a stronger hub effect results in fewer cases. Our simulation estimates that these effects have a combined net negative impact on the outcome, increasing the total cases by approximately 10% in the U.S. Inspired by these results, we propose a vaccination campaign strategy that targets a small number of regions to further improve the vaccination rate, which can reduce the number of cases by 20% by only vaccinating an additional 1% of the population according to our simulations. Our results suggest that we must examine the interplay between vaccination patterns and mobility networks beyond the overall vaccination rate, and that the government may need to shift policy focus from overall vaccination rates to geographical vaccination heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Cues for different diagnostic patterns of interpersonal violence in a psychiatric sample: an observational study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Talevi ◽  
Alberto Collazzoni ◽  
Alessandro Rossi ◽  
Paolo Stratta ◽  
Monica Mazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Violent Behaviors ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background. Interpersonal violence has increased as a health concern especially in the psychiatry practice over the last decades; nevertheless, most patients with stable mental illness do not present an increased risk of violence and a mental disorder is not a necessary or sufficient cause of violent behaviors. People with mental illness endorse more often a number of risk factors for violence that could confound this association, such as young age and male gender. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age, gender, and diagnosis on reported levels of interpersonal violence in a sample of people with severe mental illnesses. Methods. The sample was composed of 160 inpatients: 73 with psychosis, 53 with mood disorder and 34 with personality disorder. All patients enrolled in the study were assessed for experiences of victimization and perpetration of interpersonal violence using the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale interview. Demographic variables were also collected. Results. Violence negatively correlated with age. Compared to males, females were exposed to higher degree of violence (for both victimizations in childhood and adulthood), whereas males were more involved in the perpetration of violence (only for perpetration in childhood). Among diagnoses, personality disorders are associated with higher levels of interpersonal violence. An interaction effect of gender and diagnosis was also observed for expression of violence in adulthood. Distinct patterns of interpersonal violence did emerge for the diagnostic entities with mood disorder showing a victimization pattern, personality disorders a perpetration pattern and psychoses a less defined pattern. Conclusions. The main finding is that psychoses, mood disorders and personality disorders have different patterns of violent experiences when combined with age and gender. This study offers a step towards a better understanding of the extent to which gender and age could affect violent behaviors. Moreover, study findings may increase the comprehension of the reason why some mental disorders, compared to others, are more associated with the risk of victimization or perpetration of violence. These patterns could have pathophysiological or pathoplastic meaning addressing clinical and diagnostic trajectories interacting with other intervening risk factors.

scholarly journals Temperature-related deaths in people with psychosis, dementia and substance misuse

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Page ◽  
Shakoor Hajat ◽  
R. Sari Kovats ◽  
Louise M. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Time Series Regression ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Public Health Strategies

BackgroundClimate change is expected to have significant effects on human health, partly through an increase in extreme events such as heatwaves. People with mental illness may be at particular risk.AimsTo estimate risk conferred by high ambient temperature on patients with psychosis, dementia and substance misuse.MethodWe applied time-series regression analysis to data from a nationally representative primary care cohort study. Relative risk of death per 1° increase in temperature was calculated above a threshold.ResultsPatients with mental illness showed an overall increase in risk of death of 4.9% (95% CI 2.0–7.8) per 1° increase in temperature above the 93rd percentile of the annual temperature distribution. Younger patients and those with a primary diagnosis of substance misuse demonstrated greatest mortality risk.ConclusionsThe increased risk of death during hot weather in patients with psychosis, dementia and substance misuse has implications for public health strategies during heatwaves.

scholarly journals SAT0064 VACCINATION RATE AND RISK FACTORS FOR NON-VACCINATION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTRIC OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 965.2-965
Author(s):  
C. Rempenault ◽  
T. Barnetche ◽  
M. Magnol ◽  
B. Castagne ◽  
M. Pugibet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Patient’S Information

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are at increased risk of infections, some of which could be prevented in part by vaccination (1). Influenza and pneumococcal vaccines are recommended in RA (2). However, vaccination coverage of these patients remains very low. Five years ago, we found in a previous study that vaccination rates in France were 55% for pneumococcal and 60% for influenza vaccines (3).Objectives:The aim of our study was to evaluate the vaccination rate among RA patients, compare it with our previous results, and identify factors associated with non-vaccination.Methods:We conducted a cross sectional multicentric observational study in the rheumatology departments of 5 university hospitals in France. Data were collected from December 2018 to July 2019. Outpatients and hospitalized adult patients with RA according to the ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria were included. Data were collected during a single visit through an anonymous questionnaire completed by the patients. Pearson Chi-squared analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to compare characteristics of vaccinated versus non vaccinated patients.Results:584 patients (77.9% of women, mean age 61.8±12.6 years old) were included. 81.7% were RF and/or ACPA positive, with a mean RA duration of 15.7±10.5 years, 58.2% were treated with methotrexate (MTX), and 68.6% with a biologic. Vaccination rate against pneumococcal was 78.9% (versus 55% in 2013, p<0.0001) and 60.4% for influenza (versus 60% in 2013). The main reason for non-vaccination was absence of vaccine proposal (59.2%) for pneumococcal, and fear of vaccines (56.7%) for influenza. In the multivariate analysis, a higher level of education (OR [CI95] 4.4 [2.3-8.4], p<0.0001), a very good opinion on vaccination (2.1 [1.1-4.1], p=0.003), vaccination against influenza done (2.3 {1.3-4.2], p=0.006), and exposure to biologics (4.0 [2.2-7.4], p<0.0001) were associated with vaccination against pneumococcal. Age over 65 years old (2.0 [1.2-3.2], p=0.006), participation in a patients’ association (3.6 [1.4-8.9], p=0.006), vaccination against pneumococcal done (2.4 [1.3-4.5], p=0.004), exposure to biologics (2.1 [1.2-3.7], p=0.006), a good (3.3 [1.4-8.9], p=0.03) and a very good opinion on vaccination (6.6 [2.8-15.6], p<0.0001) were associated with vaccination against influenza.Conclusion:Vaccination rate against pneumococcal increased over the last 5 years but remained stable for influenza vaccine in French RA patients. This could be improved with patient’s information and education, especially in patients age under 65, biologic naïve and with a bad opinion about vaccination.References:[1] Doran MF, Crowson CS et al. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Sep;46(9):2287–93.[2]van Assen S, Agmon-Levin N et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Mar;70(3):414–22.[3] Hua C, Morel J et al. Rheumatol Oxf Engl. 2015 Apr;54(4):748–50.Disclosure of Interests:Claire Rempenault: None declared, Thomas Barnetche: None declared, Marion Magnol: None declared, Benjamin Castagne: None declared, marine pugibet: None declared, Eleonore Berard: None declared, Marie-Elise Truchetet: None declared, Pascale Vergne-Salle: None declared, Anne Tournadre: None declared, Adeline Ruyssen-Witrand Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Pfizer, Consultant of: Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Sandoz, Sanofi-Genzyme, Cédric Lukas: None declared

A whole-of-population study of the prevalence and patterns of criminal offending in people with schizophrenia and other mental illness

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1869-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Morgan ◽  
F. Morgan ◽  
G. Valuri ◽  
A. Ferrante ◽  
D. Castle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Case Register ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

BackgroundLarge epidemiological studies are needed to better understand the prevalence and profile of offending by people with mental illness. This study used a whole-of-population design to examine the prevalence, type and pattern of offending across all psychiatric diagnoses, including schizophrenia, compared to the general population.MethodWe used whole-of-population longitudinal record-linked data for a cohort of all Western Australians born 1955–1969 to determine arrest history over the period 1985–1996 and to ascertain recorded history of psychiatric illness. Of the cohort, 116 656 had been arrested and 40 478 were on the psychiatric case register.ResultsThe period prevalence of arrest for people with any psychiatric illness was 32.1%. The highest arrest prevalence, by diagnostic category, was for substance use disorders (59.4%); the prevalence for schizophrenia was 38.7%. Co-morbid substance use disorders significantly increased risk of arrest in people with schizophrenia. The prevalence of mental illness among offenders was 11.1%: 6.5% of offenders had substance use disorders and 1.7% had schizophrenia. For the majority of offenders with a psychiatric illness, first arrest preceded first contact with mental health services; for schizophrenia only, this proportion was increasing over time. The mean percentage annual change in the number of arrests during 1985–1996 rose significantly for offenders with a psychiatric illness other than schizophrenia and dropped significantly for those with no mental illness. Compared to non-psychiatric offenders, offenders with schizophrenia were more likely to offend alone, to offend in open places and to target strangers.ConclusionsOur findings open the way to an informed approach to the management of offenders with mental illness.

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