scholarly journals Rapid Point-Of-Care Serology and Clinical History Assessment Increase Protection Provided by RT-PCR Screening: A Pilot Study Involving Three Nursing Homes in Brescia, a Hotspot of Lombardy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Savio ◽  
Stefano Calza ◽  
Gianbattista Guerrini ◽  
Valentina Romano ◽  
Eleonora Marchina
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Viral Spread

Background: COVID-19 outbursts have been registered worldwide within care homes with asymptomatic transmission combined with shortage/inaccuracy of diagnostic tests undermining the efforts at containment of the disease. Nursing facilities in Lombardy (Italy) were left with no, or limited, access to testing for 8 weeks after the outbreak of COVID-19.Methods: This study includes 246 residents and 286 workers of three different nursing homes in Brescia-Lombardy. Clinical questionnaires and rapid serology tests were devised to integrate the data of the first available RT-PCR screening. Follow-up serology after 60-days was performed on 67 of 86 workers with positive serology or clinically suspicious.Findings: Thirty-seven residents and 18 workers had previous positive RT-PCR. Thorough screening disclosed two additional RT-PCR-positive workers. Serology screening revealed antibodies in 59 residents and 48 workers, including 32/37 residents and all workers previously positive at RT-PCR. Follow up serology disclosed antibodies in two additional workers with recent symptoms at the time of screening. The professionals in close contact with residents had more infections (47/226–20.79% vs. 1/60–1.66%; p = 0.00013 Fisher exact-test). A suspicious clinical score was present in 44/64 residents and in 41/50 workers who tested positive with either method with totally asymptomatic disease more frequent among residents 28.1 vs. 10.0% (p = 0.019 Fisher exact-test).Interpretation: Based on the available RT-PCR ± results at the time of symptoms/contacts, our integrated clinical and serological screening demonstrated sensitivity 89% and specificity 87%. This multimodal assessment proved extremely useful in understanding the viral spread in nursing homes, in defining its stage and in implementing protective measures. Rapid serology tests demonstrated efficient and particularly suited for older people less able to move/cooperate.

scholarly journals Neutralizing Antibodies Correlate with Protection from SARS-CoV-2 in Humans during a Fishery Vessel Outbreak with a High Attack Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Addetia ◽  
Katharine H. D. Crawford ◽  
Adam Dingens ◽  
Haiying Zhu ◽  
Pavitra Roychoudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attack Rate ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Correlates Of Protection ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr

ABSTRACT The development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 would be greatly facilitated by the identification of immunological correlates of protection in humans. However, to date, studies on protective immunity have been performed only in animal models and correlates of protection have not been established in humans. Here, we describe an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 on a fishing vessel associated with a high attack rate. Predeparture serological and viral reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) testing along with repeat testing after return to shore was available for 120 of the 122 persons on board over a median follow-up of 32.5 days (range, 18.8 to 50.5 days). A total of 104 individuals had an RT-PCR-positive viral test with a cycle threshold (CT) of <35 or seroconverted during the follow-up period, yielding an attack rate on board of 85.2% (104/122 individuals). Metagenomic sequencing of 39 viral genomes suggested that the outbreak originated largely from a single viral clade. Only three crew members tested seropositive prior to the boat’s departure in initial serological screening and also had neutralizing and spike-reactive antibodies in follow-up assays. None of the crew members with neutralizing antibody titers showed evidence of bona fide viral infection or experienced any symptoms during the viral outbreak. Therefore, the presence of neutralizing antibodies from prior infection was significantly associated with protection against reinfection (Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.002).

scholarly journals Neutralizing antibodies correlate with protection from SARS-CoV-2 in humans during a fishery vessel outbreak with high attack rate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Addetia ◽  
Katharine HD Crawford ◽  
Adam Dingens ◽  
Haiying Zhu ◽  
Pavitra Roychoudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attack Rate ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Correlates Of Protection

The development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 would be greatly facilitated by the identification of immunological correlates of protection in humans. However, to date, studies on protective immunity have only been performed in animal models and correlates of protection have not been established in humans. Here, we describe an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 on a fishing vessel associated with a high attack rate. Predeparture serological and viral RT-PCR testing along with repeat testing after return to shore was available for 120 of the 122 persons on board over a median follow-up of 32.5 days (range 18.8 to 50.5 days). A total of 104 individuals had an RT-PCR positive viral test with Ct <35 or seroconverted during the follow-up period, yielding an attack rate on board of 85.2% (104/122 individuals). Metagenomic sequencing of 39 viral genomes suggested the outbreak originated largely from a single viral clade. Only three crewmembers tested seropositive prior to the boat's departure in initial serological screening and also had neutralizing and spike-reactive antibodies in follow-up assays. None of these crewmembers with neutralizing antibody titers showed evidence of bona fide viral infection or experienced any symptoms during the viral outbreak. Therefore, the presence of neutralizing antibodies from prior infection was significantly associated with protection against re-infection (Fisher's exact test, p=0.002).

NF2 and Spinal Tumors

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilys M. Parry
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Tumor ◽  
Spinal Tumors ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Radiological Progression ◽  
Intramedullary Tumors ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Extramedullary Tumor ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
And Behavior

Object The authors conducted a study to examine the incidence, classification, and progression of spinal tumors in patients with neu-rofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) treated at a single center, and to examine relationships with the known mutational subtypes of NF2. Methods They performed a retrospective review of clinical records, neuroimaging studies, and genetic data obtained in 61 patients with NF2. Forty-one (67%) of 61 patients harbored one or more spinal tumors. Thirty-four patients had undergone serial spinal magnetic resonance imaging during a mean follow-up period of 52 months (range 10–103 months; median 53 months). In 16 patients there were multiple extramedullary tumors smaller than 5 mm, which did not progress. Fourteen patients harbored at least one extramedullary tumor that was greater than 5 mm; of these, radiological progression was demonstrated or spinal tumor excision was performed during the follow-up period in eight cases (57%). Eleven patients harbored intramedullary cord tumors in addition to small and large extramedullary tumors, three (27%) of which exhibited radiological progression. In cases in which genotypes were known, protein-truncating mutations were significantly more likely to be associated with the presence of spinal tumors than in other types (p = 0.03, Fisher exact test). No associations between clinical behavior of spinal tumors and genotype, however, could be demonstrated. Conclusions Spinal tumors in cases involving NF2 are heterogeneous in type, distribution, and behavior but larger-size tumors are more likely to progress significantly. Intramedullary tumors usually accompany multiple extramedullary tumors. In the authors' experience subtyping of the NF2 mutation has not yet influenced management. Protein-truncating mutations are associated with an increased prevalence of spinal tumors.

Intramuscular versus ultrasound-guided intratenosynovial glucocorticoid injection for tenosynovitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, controlled study

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Ammitzbøll-Danielsen ◽  
Mikkel Østergaard ◽  
Viktoria Fana ◽  
Daniel Glinatsi ◽  
Uffe Møller Døhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Registration Number

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of intramuscular versus ultrasound (US)-guided intratenosynovial glucocorticoid injection in providing disease control after 2, 4 and 12 weeks in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA) with tenosynovitis.MethodsFifty patients with RA and tenosynovitis were randomised into two double-blind groups: (A) ‘intramuscular group’, receiving intramuscular injection of betamethasone and US-guided intratenosynovial isotonic saline injection and (B) ‘intratenosynovial group’ receiving saline intramuscularly and US-guided intratenosynovial betamethasone injection. All patients were in stable disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug treatment prior to and during the study. Patients were excluded, and considered non-responders, if any treatments were altered during the follow-up period. ‘US tenosynovitis remission’, defined as US tenosynovitis grey-scale score ≤1 and colour Doppler score=0, was assessed at week 4 (primary outcome), and weeks 2 and 12, using non-responder imputation for missing data.ResultsUS tenosynovitis remission at week 4 was achieved in 25% (6/24) in the ‘intramuscular group’ versus 64% (16/25) in the ‘intratenosynovial group’, that is, a difference of −39 percentage point (pp) (CI −65pp to −13pp), Fisher exact test p=0.001. Corresponding values for the ‘intramuscular group’ versus the ‘intratenosynovial group’ at 2 and 12 weeks were 21% (5/24) versus 48% (13/25), that is, a difference of −27pp (CI −53pp to −2pp), p=0.072 and 8% (2/24) versus 44% (11/25), that is, difference of −36pp (−58pp to −13pp), p=0.003. Most US, clinical and patient-reported scores improved more in the ‘intratenosynovial group’ at all follow-up visits.ConclusionsIn this randomised double-blind clinical trial, patients with RA and tenosynovitis responded significantly better to US-guided intratenosynovial glucocorticoid injection than to intramuscular glucocorticoid injection, both at 4 and 12 weeks follow-up.Trial registration numberEudraCT nr: 2013-003486-34.

scholarly journals Migraine as a risk factor associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

2014 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Gabriel Braga Diégues Serva ◽  
Leonardo Santos Calvacanti Guerra ◽  
Vilneide Maria Santos Braga Diégues Serva ◽  
Waldmiro Antônio Diégues Serva ◽  
Marcela Patrícia Macêdo Belo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders In Pregnancy

Objectives: To identify if the presence of migraine before pregnancy predisposes to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Methods: Observational study undertaken from a database of a follow-up study, composed of women consecutively assisted, at the first postnatal week, at IMIP. Its objective was to evaluate the course of migraine during pregnancy and postpartum in women with migraine before pregnancy. The Fisher exact test was used considering the significance level of less than 5%. Results: Of the 686 women, 38.8% were migraine sufferers before pregnancy. 14.3% referred hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The presence of migraine before pregnancy and to have been submitted to a cesarean section (p<0.001) were factors associated with the presence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Conclusion: Migraine before pregnancy is an associated factor to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The diagnosis of migraine should always be taken into consideration during antenatal care, for the prevention of complications.

Usage trends of minimally absorbed vaginal estrogens in breast cancer patients versus patients with non-breast malignancies

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10620-10620
Author(s):  
M. Castiel ◽  
S. Masakhalia ◽  
M. Krychman ◽  
B. Stier ◽  
A. Amsterdam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Computerized System ◽  
Breast Malignancies

10620 Background: To determine if differences exist in the use of minimally absorbed vaginal estrogens in a breast cancer population versus one with non-breast malignancies. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with documented malignancy who were prescribed vaginal 17-β-estradiol tablets (Vagifem, Novo-Disc, Princeton, New Jersey) through the General Gynecology Service from July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2004. Data were accessed from the pharmacy health information computerized system. All patients complained of dyspareunia, and examination was consistent with vaginal atrophy. Comparison between groups was performed using the Fisher Exact Test and t-test. Results: 152 patients were identified_81 patients with breast cancer diagnoses and 71 with non-breast malignancies. There was no difference in the mean age of patients in either group, 56.9 vs. 55.1 years. (p = 0.30). Overall, 60 of the 152 patients refilled their prescriptions through the time of last follow-up. There was no difference in the proportion of breast versus non-breast cancer patients who continued vaginal estradiol, 39.5% (32/81) versus 39.4% (28/71) respectively. When the cohorts were stratified by age ≤ 50 or >50 at the time of initial consultation, 79% (11/14) of breast cancer patients age ≤ 50 years refilled their prescriptions at follow-up compared to 31.3% (21/67) of patients >50 (p = 0.002). In women with non-breast malignancies there was no age-related difference in the proportion who obtained refills: 35% (7/20) ≤ 50 years versus 41.2 % (21/51) >50 years (p = 0.79). Conclusions: Minimally absorbed vaginal estrogens appear to be viewed favorably amongst the younger breast cancer patient population. The older breast cancer population does not appear to continue vaginal estradiol use long-term. This may be due to differences in relationship status, interval from menopause to diagnosis, prior exposure to estrogen, or relief of symptoms with alternative therapies. These findings are different than those observed for similar patients with non-breast malignancies. Further studies looking at the use of minimally absorbed vaginal estrogens are needed to further evaluate the usage trends in differing patient populations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Extracranial traumatic aneurysms due to blunt cerebrovascular injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1437-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Foreman ◽  
Christoph J. Griessenauer ◽  
Michael Falola ◽  
Mark R. Harrigan
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Traumatic Aneurysms ◽  
Level I ◽  
Saccular Aneurysms

Object Traumatic aneurysms occur in 10% of extracranial blunt traumatic cerebrovascular injuries (TCVI). The clinical consequences and optimal management of traumatic aneurysms are poorly understood. Methods A prospective study of TCVI at a Level I trauma center identified 7 patients with 19 extracranial traumatic carotid artery or vertebral artery aneurysms. An additional 6 patients with 7 traumatic aneurysms were followed outside of the prospective study, giving a total of 13 patients with 26 traumatic aneurysms. All patients were treated with 325 mg aspirin daily and underwent clinical and imaging follow-up beyond the initial hospitalization. Endovascular treatment was reserved for aneurysms demonstrating significant enlargement on follow-up imaging. Clinical and radiographic features were assessed. Results The 7 patients with traumatic aneurysms identified in the prospective cohort comprised 10.3% of all patients with TCVI. Two (15.4%) of the 13 total patients suffered an ischemic stroke in the setting of TCVI with traumatic aneurysm formation. No patient experienced an ischemic stroke or new symptoms after the initiation of antiplatelet therapy. Clinical and radiographic follow-up averaged 15.8 months (range 0.4–41.7 months) and 22.0 months (range 6.6–55.7 months), respectively. Ten (38.5%) of 26 aneurysms were not visualized on last follow-up, 10 (38.5%) were smaller, 1 (3.8%) was unchanged, and 5 (19.2%) were larger. Saccular aneurysms were more likely to enlarge than fusiform aneurysms (33.3% vs 11.8%). Results of a Fisher exact test tend to support the assertion that the 2 different aneurysm morphologies behave differently (p = 0.07). Two saccular aneurysms were treated with stenting. Conclusions The majority of traumatic aneurysms can be managed with an antiplatelet regimen of 325 mg aspirin daily and serial imaging. Saccular aneurysms have a greater tendency to enlarge when compared with fusiform aneurysms.

scholarly journals Evidence for the Continued Occurrence of Chorioretinopathy in Working Sheep Dogs in New Zealand in 2010

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2229
Author(s):  
Adam B. O’Connell ◽  
A. Craig Irving ◽  
Paul L. Hughes ◽  
Naomi Cogger ◽  
Boyd R. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
South West ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Relationship

A study in conducted 1987 by Hughes et al., found that 39% of working sheep dogs had multifocal retinitis. One of the identified causes was ocular larval migrans, which were a result of migrating ascarid larvae. Since that paper was published, anthelmintic use in farm dogs has been highly recommended. There has been no follow-up study to determine if fundic lesions are still present. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of chorioretinopathy in working sheep dogs in the South-West, Waikato, New Zealand. This was a cross-sectional study of 184 working sheep dogs and 51 owners, undertaken in 2010 with owners sampled from New Zealand’s South-West Waikato and Tux North Island Dog Trial Championship. Two-way tables were used to explore the relationship between variables. Significance of association was assessed using a Chi-squared or Fisher exact test as appropriate, with a p-value of <0.05 considered significant. Overall prevalence of chorioretinopathy in the working sheep dogs was 44/184 (24%). A significantly higher prevalence of chorioretinopathy was shown in dogs with increasing age, from 2 years to >8 years (p = 0.0007) and in males (p < 0.0001). This study concluded that lesions of chorioretinopathy are still present in working sheep dogs in New Zealand.

scholarly journals Risk factor analysis of intravesical recurrence after retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma

BMC Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Yanagi ◽  
Tsutomu Hamasaki ◽  
Jun Akatsuka ◽  
Yuki Endo ◽  
Hayato Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Urine Cytology ◽  
Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Upper Tract ◽  
Positive Urine

Abstract Background One of the major concerns of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) treated with nephroureterectomy is intravesical recurrence (IVR). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the predictive risk factors for IVR after retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy (RNU) for UTUC. Methods Clinicopathological and surgical information were collected from the medical records of 73 patients treated with RNU for non-metastatic UTUC, without a history of or concomitant bladder cancer. The association between IVR after RNU and clinicopathological and surgery-related factors, including preoperative urine cytology and pneumoretroperitoneum time, was analyzed using the Fisher exact test. Results During the median follow-up time of 39.1 months, 18 (24.7%) patients had subsequent IVR after RNU. The 1- and 3-year IVR-free survival rates were 85.9% and 76.5%, respectively. The Fisher exact test revealed that prolonged pneumoretroperitoneum time of ≥ 210 min was a risk factor for IVR in 1 year after RNU (p = 0.0358) and positive urine cytology was a risk factor for IVR in 3 years after RNU (p = 0.0352). Conclusions In UTUC, the occurrences of IVR in 1 and 3 years after RNU are highly probable when the pneumoretroperitoneum time is prolonged (≥ 210 min) and in patients with positive urine cytology, respectively. Strict follow-up after RNU is more probable recommended for these patients.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) ON MORTALITY AND READMISSION OF HEART FAILURE PATIENTS IN CARDIOVASCULAR OUTPATIENT CARE UNIT AT DR. SOETOMO HOSPITAL, SURABAYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sella Rizkita Lestari ◽  
Andrianto Andrianto ◽  
J Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
The Relationship

Obesity is one of risk factors for heart failure in both men and women. Paradoxically, recent studies have shown that high BMIs in heart failure patients were asssociated with better outcomes. This study was aimed to prove the effect of body mass index on mortality and readmission in heart failure patients in cardiovascular outpatient care unit at Dr. Soetomo Surabaya Hospital. The research design was observational analytical study. Subjects consisted of all patients with heart disease in cardiovascular outpatient care unit at Dr. Soetomo Surabaya Hospital that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Through the purposive sampling, 59 patients diagnosed with heart failure were selected. Direct measurements of body weight and height were conducted in February through March 2014 to calculate the BMIs. Based on their BMIs, subjects were then placed into two categories, which were patients with normal and elevated BMIs. Information on deaths and readmissions were gathered in October 2014. The relationship between two variables were then analyzed using Fisher Exact Test. After 8 months of follow up, 5 people (8.5%) died of cardiovascular cause and 7 (11.9%) were re-admitted to the hospital. Among 28 patients with normal BMIs, 3 (10.7%) died and 3 (10.7%) were re-admitted. Among 31 patients with elevated BMIs, 2 (6.5%) died and 4 (12.9%) were re-admitted to the hospital. By using Fisher Exact Test, it was shown that there is no effect of BMI on mortality (p=0.661) and readmission (p=1.000) in heart failure patients.

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