Identifying Changes in Bicycle Accident Trends Using GIS and Time Series Information in the City of Zürich

Abstract. Fundamental to quantifying the influence of human activities on climate and air quality is an understanding of how anthropogenic emissions affect the concentrations and composition of airborne particulate matter (PM). The central Amazon basin, especially around the city of Manaus, Brazil, has experienced rapid changes in the past decades due to ongoing urbanization. Herein, changes in the concentration and composition of submicron PM due to pollution downwind of the Manaus metropolitan region are reported as part of the GoAmazon2014/5 experiment. A high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and a suite of other gas- and particle-phase instruments were deployed at the T3 research site, 70 km downwind of Manaus, during the wet season. At this site, organic components represented on average 79 ± 7 % of the non-refractory PM1 mass concentration, which was in the same range as several upwind sites. The organic PM1 was, however, considerably more oxidized at T3 compared to upwind measurements. Positive-matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the time series of organic mass spectra collected at the T3 site, yielding three factors representing secondary processes (73 ± 15 % of total organic mass concentration) and three factors representing primary anthropogenic emissions (27 ± 15 %). Fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) was applied to the afternoon time series of concentrations of NOy, ozone, total particle number, black carbon, and sulfate. Four clusters were identified and characterized by distinct airmass origins and particle compositions. Two clusters, Bkgd-1 and Bkgd-2, were associated with background conditions. Bkgd-1 appeared to represent near-field atmospheric PM production and oxidation of a day or less. Bkgd-2 appeared to represent material transported and oxidized for two or more days, often with out-of-basin contributions. Two other clusters, Pol-1 and Pol-2, represented the Manaus influence, one apparently associated with the northern region of Manaus and the other with the southern region of the city. A composite of the PMF and FCM analyses provided insights into the anthropogenic effects on PM concentration and composition. The increase in mass concentration of submicron PM ranged from 25 % to 200 % under polluted compared to background conditions, including contributions from both primary and secondary PM. Furthermore, a comparison of PMF factor loadings for different clusters suggested a shift in the pathways of PM production under polluted conditions. Nitrogen oxides may have played a critical role in these shifts. Increased concentrations of nitrogen oxides can shift pathways of PM production from HO2-dominant to NO-dominant as well as increase the concentrations of oxidants in the atmosphere. Consequently, the oxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic precursor gases as well as the oxidative processing of pre-existing atmospheric PM can be accelerated. The combined set of results demonstrates the susceptibility of atmospheric chemistry, air quality, and associated climate forcing to anthropogenic perturbations over tropical forests.

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Quantifying Horizontal and Vertical Movements in Ho Chi Minh City by Sentinel-1 Radar Interferometry

10.20944/preprints202012.0382.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dinh Ho Tong Minh ◽

Yen-Nhi NGO ◽

Thu Trang Lê ◽

Trung Chon Le ◽

Hong Son Bui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Large Scale ◽

European Space Agency ◽

Ground Subsidence ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

Vertical Movements ◽

Space Agency ◽

Permanent Scatterers ◽

The City ◽

East West

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the most populous city and the economic center of Viet Nam, has faced ground subsidence in recent decades. This work aims at providing an unprecedented spatial extent coverage of the subsidence in HCMC in both horizontal and vertical components using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series. For this purpose, an advanced InSAR technique PSDS (Permanent Scatterers and Distributed Scatterers) was applied to two big European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinel-1 datasets composed of 96 ascending and 202 descending images, acquired from 2014 to 2020 over HCMC area. A time series of 33 Cosmos SkyMED images was also used for comparison purpose. The combination of ascending and descending satellite passes allows the decomposition of the light of sight velocities into horizontal East-west and vertical components. By taking into account the presence of the horizontal East-west movement, our finding indicates that the precision of the decomposed vertical velocity can be improved up to 3 mm/year for Sentinel-1 data. The obtained results revealed that subsidence is most severe in areas along the Sai Gon river in the northwest-southeast axis and the southwest of the city with the maximum value up to 80 mm/year, consistent with findings in the literature. The magnitude of horizontal East-West velocities is relatively small and a large-scale westward motion can be observed in the northwest of the city at a rate of 2-5 mm/year. Together, these results reinforced the remarkable suitability of ESA's Sentinel-1 SAR for subsidence applications even for non-Europe countries such as Vietnam and Southeast Asia.

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Persistent Scatterer Interferometry of Sentinel-1 time series to detect ground subsidence in the city of Recife, Brazil

Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing ◽

10.29150/jhrs.v10.1.p1-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Enton Bedini

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Ground Subsidence ◽

Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽

Persistent Scatterer ◽

Radar Imagery ◽

Long Time ◽

Satellite Radar ◽

Surrounding Areas ◽

Satellite Radar Imagery ◽

The City

Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) analysis of Sentinel-1 time series was carried out to detect ground subsidence in the city of Recife, Brazil. The dataset consisted of sixty-eight Sentinel-1A Interferometric Wide (IW) Single Look Complex (SLC) images of the time period April 2017 – September 2019. The images were acquired in descending orbit in VV (vertical transmitting, vertical receiving) polarization. The results of the PSI analysis show that in the city of Recife occur several ground subsidence areas. The largest ground subsidence area occurs between the neighborhoods of Afogados, Torrŏes and Cordeiro. The subsidence rates in this area range from few mm/year up to -15 mm/year. This ground subsidence could be a result of groundwater extraction or of subsidence processes in urbanized reclaimed lands. Similar but smaller ground subsidence areas occur in several localities in Recife. In some cases, subsidence with rates of up to -25 mm/year is noted in small zones where new buildings have been constructed in the last decade. This should be due to ground settlement processes, taking a long time due to the particular soils and geology of the locality. This study can serve as a first contribution for further research on the ground subsidence hazard in the city of Recife and the surrounding areas by means of satellite radar imagery.

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Extraction of Urban Information for Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment in Lima, Peru Using Satellite Imagery

Journal of Disaster Research ◽

10.20965/jdr.2013.p0328 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 328-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Masashi Matsuoka ◽

◽

Hiroyuki Miura ◽

Saburoh Midorikawa ◽

Miguel Estrada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Large Scale ◽

Surface Model ◽

Building Inventory ◽

Hazard And Risk ◽

Hazard And Risk Assessment ◽

Landsat Satellite ◽

Time Series Images ◽

The City ◽

Area Data

Lima City, Peru, is, like Japan, on the verge of a strike by a massive earthquake. Building inventory data for the city need to be created for earthquake damage estimation, so the city was subjected to the extraction of spatial distribution of building age from Landsat satellite time-series images and an assessing building height from ALOS/PRISM images. Interband calculation of Landsat time-series images gives various indices relevant to land covering. The transition of indices was evaluated to clarify urban sprawl taking place in the northern, southern, and eastern parts of Lima City. Built-up area data were created for buildings by age. The height of large-scale mid-to-highrise buildings was extracted by applying spatial filtering for a DSM (Digital Surface Model) generated from stereovision PRISM images. As a result, buildings with a small square measure, color similar to that of their surroundings, or complicated shapes turned out to be difficult to detect.

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ANALISIS PENGARUH INVESTASI SWASTA , PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH, DAN PENDUDUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI KOTA BITUNG

JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI DAN KEUANGAN DAERAH ◽

10.35794/jpekd.15773.19.1.2017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yandiles Weya ◽

Vecky A.J. Masinambow ◽

Rosalina A.M. Koleangan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Time Series ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Private Investment ◽

Least Square ◽

Series Data ◽

Ordinary Least Square ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

The City

ANALISIS PENGARUH INVESTASI SWASTA , PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH, DAN PENDUDUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI KOTA BITUNG Yandiles Weya, Vecky A.J. Masinambow, Rosalina A.M. Koleangan. Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Magister Ilmu EkonomiUniversitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado ABSTRAKPada suatu periode perekonomian mengalami pertumbuhan negatif berarti kegiatan ekonomi pada periode tersebut mengalami penurunan. Kota Bitung periode tahun 2004-2014 mengalami pertumbuhan ekonomi yang fluktuasi. Adanya fluktuasi ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh investasi swasta, belanja langsung, dan penduduk Pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan salah satu tolok ukur keberhasilan pembangunan ekonomi di suatu daerah. Pertumbuhan ekonomi mencerminkan kegiatan ekonomi. Pertumbuhan ekonomi dapat bernilai positif dan dapat pula bernilai negatif. Jika pada suatu periode perekonomian mengalami pertumbuhan positif berarti kegiatan ekonomi pada periode tersebut mengalami peningkatan. Sedangkan jikaTahun 2004-2014 yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sulut dan Kota Bitung. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah model ekonometrik regresi berganda double-log (log-log) dengan metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah perkembangan investasi swasta, belanja langsung, dan penduduk berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Kota Bitung. Data yang dipakai menggunakan data time series periodeHasil regresi model pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan persamaan regresinya yaitu LPDRB = - 4,445 + 0.036 LINV + 0.049 LBL + 2,229 LPOP. Dari hasil tersebutmenunjukkan perkembangan investasi swasta, belanja langsung dan penduduk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Kota Bitung.Kata Kunci :pertumbuhan ekonomi, belanja langsung, penduduk, regresi bergandaABSTRACT The economy experienced a period of negative growth means economic activity in this period has decreased. Bitung-year period 2004-2014 economic growth fluctuations. These fluctuations can be influenced by private investment, direct spending, and population Economic growth is one measure of the success of economic development in an area. Economic growth reflects economic activity. Economic growth can be positive and can also be negative. If the economy experienced a period of positive growth means economic activity during the period has increased. Whereas if years 2004-2014 are sourced from the Central Statistics Agency of North Sulawesi Province and Bitung. The analytical method used is an econometric model double-log regression (log-log) with Ordinary Least Square (OLS). This study aims to determine whether the development of private investment, direct spending, and population affect the economic growth of the city of Bitung. The data used using time series data period. The results of the regression model of economic growth with the regression equation is LPDRB = - LINV 4.445 + 0.036 + 0.049 + 2.229 LPOP LBL. From these results show the development of private investment, direct expenditure and population positive and significant impact on economic growth of Bitung.Keywords: Economic growth, direct spending, population, regression.

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Time series forecasting using multiplicative model: A predictive model for fire risk in the city of Manila

2017 IEEE 15th Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD) ◽

10.1109/scored.2017.8305410 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Reymar V. Manaloto ◽

Francis F. Balahadia

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Predictive Model ◽

Fire Risk ◽

Multiplicative Model ◽

Time Series Forecasting ◽

The City

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Social inequalities in heat-attributable mortality in the city of Turin, northwest of Italy: a time series analysis from 1982 to 2018

Environmental Health ◽

10.1186/s12940-020-00667-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marta Ellena ◽

Joan Ballester ◽

Paola Mercogliano ◽

Elisa Ferracin ◽

Giuliana Barbato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Marital Status ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Educational Level ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Attributable Mortality ◽

Mortality Data ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Summer Temperatures ◽

The City

Abstract Background Understanding context specific heat-health risks in urban areas is important, especially given anticipated severe increases in summer temperatures due to climate change effects. We investigate social inequalities in the association between daily temperatures and mortality in summer in the city of Turin for the period 1982–2018 among different social and demographic groups such as sex, age, educational level, marital status and household occupants. Methods Mortality data are represented by individual all-cause mortality counts for the summer months between 1982 and 2018. Socioeconomic level and daily mean temperature were assigned to each deceased. A time series Poisson regression with distributed lag non-linear models was fitted to capture the complex nonlinear dependency between daily mortality and temperature in summer. The mortality risk due to heat is represented by the Relative Risk (RR) at the 99th percentile of daily summer temperatures for each population subgroup. Results All-cause mortality risk is higher among women (1.88; 95% CI = 1.77, 2.00) and the elderly (2.13; 95% CI = 1.94, 2.33). With regard to education, the highest significant effects for men is observed among higher education levels (1.66; 95% CI = 1.38, 1.99), while risks for women is higher for the lower educational level (1.93; 95% CI = 1.79, 2.08). Results on marital status highlighted a stronger association for widower in men (1.66; 95% CI = 1.38, 2.00) and for separated and divorced in women (2.11; 95% CI = 1.51, 2.94). The risk ratio of household occupants reveals a stronger association for men who lived alone (1.61; 95% CI = 1.39, 1.86), while for women results are almost equivalent between alone and not alone groups. Conclusions The associations between heat and mortality is unequal across different aspects of social vulnerability, and, inter alia, factors influencing the population vulnerability to temperatures can be related to demographic, social, and economic aspects. A number of issues are identified and recommendations for the prioritisation of further research are provided. A better knowledge of these effect modifiers is needed to identify the axes of social inequality across the most vulnerable population sub-groups.

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Seasonality of suicide in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1979-2003

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1590/s1516-44462009000200004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 101-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Daniel Hideki Bando ◽

Hommenig Scrivani ◽

Pedro Alberto Morettin ◽

Chei Tung Teng

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Urban Area ◽

Total Sample ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

P Value ◽

São Paulo ◽

Zone Method ◽

Tropical Zone ◽

Significance Level ◽

The City

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate suicide seasonality in the city of São Paulo within an urban area and tropical zone. METHOD: Suicides were evaluated using the chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) by comparing monthly, quarterly and half-yearly variations, differentiating by gender. Analyses of time series were carried out using the autocorrelation function and periodogram, while the significance level for seasonality was confirmed with the Fisher's test. RESULTS: The suicides of the period between 1979 and 2003 numbered 11,434 cases. Differences were observed in suicides occurring in Spring and Autumn for the total sample (ANOVA: p-value = 0.01), and in the male sample (ANOVA: p-value = 0.02). For the analysis of time series, seasonality was significant only for the period of 7 months in the male sample (p-value = 0.04). DISCUSSION: In this study, no significant seasonal differences were observed in the occurrences of suicides, with the exception of the male sample. The differences observed did not correspond with the pattern described in studies carried out in temperate zones. Some of the climatic particularities of the tropical zone might explain the atypical pattern of seasonality of suicides found in large populations within an urban area and tropical zone.

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Homicides during the Barranquilla Carnival, Colombia: A 10 Year Time-Series Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17010035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Jhon Albert Guarin-Ardila ◽

Rossycela Montero-Ariza ◽

Claudia Iveth Astudillo-García ◽

Julián Alfredo Fernández-Niño

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Young Adults ◽

Time Series Analysis ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Weather Variables ◽

Men And Women ◽

The Third ◽

Fixed Effects Models ◽

The City ◽

Positive Effect

Homicides are currently the third leading cause of death among young adults, and an increase has been reported during holidays. The aim of the present study was to explore whether an association exists between Carnival in Barranquilla, Colombia, and an increase in homicides in the city. We used mortality records to identify the number of daily homicides of men and women throughout the week of Carnival, and we compared those with records from all of standard days between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2015. Conditional fixed-effects models were used, stratified by time and adjusted by weather variables. The average number of homicides on Carnival days was found to be higher than on a standard day, with an OR of 2.34 (CI 95%: 1.19–4.58) for the occurrence of at least one male homicide per day during Carnival, and 1.22 (CI 95%: 1.22–7.36) for female homicides, adjusted by weather variables. The occurrence of homicides during Carnival was observed and was similar to findings for other holidays. Given that violence is a multifactorial phenomenon, the identification of the factors involved serves as a basis for evaluating whether current strategies have a positive effect on controlling it.

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Urban anomalies in response to rainstorms based on smartphone location data: a case study of eight cities in China

10.5194/nhess-2019-136 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jiawei Yi ◽

Yunyan Du ◽

Fuyuan Liang ◽

Tao Pei ◽

Ting Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Mainland China ◽

Food Delivery ◽

Location Based Services ◽

Location Data ◽

City Population ◽

The City ◽

Method Analysis

Abstract. This study explored city residents’ collective geo-tagged behaviors in response to rainstorms using the number of location request (NLR) data generated by smartphone users. We examined the rainstorms, flooding, NLR anomalies, as well as the associations among them in eight selected cities across the mainland China. The time series NLR clearly reflects cities’ general diurnal rhythm and the total NLR is moderately correlated with the total city population. Anomalies of NLR were identified at both the city and grid scale using the S-H-ESD method. Analysis results manifested that the NLR anomalies at the city and grid levels are well associated with rainstorms, indicating city residents request more location-based services (e.g. map navigation, car hailing, food delivery, etc.) when there is a rainstorm. However, sensitivity of the city residents’ collective geo-tagged behaviors in response to rainstorms varies in different cities as shown by different peak rainfall intensity thresholds. Significant high peak rainfall intensity tends to trigger city flooding, which lead to increased location-based requests as shown by positive anomalies on the time series NLR.

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