scholarly journals A Critical Overview of the Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Equine Medicine Over the Last Decade

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Camargo Garbin ◽  
Catalina Lopez ◽  
Jorge U. Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

In the 1990s, the role of platelets in inflammation and tissue healing was finally recognized. Since then, the clinical use of platelet-derived products (hemocomponents), such as, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), markedly increased. The promise of a more economical option of a disease-modifying treatment led to the intensive and continuous research of PRP products and to its widespread clinical use. A number of protocols and commercial kits have been developed with the intention of creating a more practical and reliable option for clinical use in equine patients. Still, the direct comparison between studies is particularly challenging due to the lack of standardization on the preparation methods and product composition. The incomplete reports on PRP cellular concentration and the poorly designed in vivo studies are additional matters that contest the clinical efficiency of this biomaterial. To overcome such challenges, several in vitro and in vivo studies have been proposed. Specifically, experiments have greatly focused in protocol optimization and its effect in different tissues. Additionally, in vivo studies have proposed different biological products envisioning the upgrade of the anti-inflammatory cytokines trusting to increase its anti-inflammatory effect. The individual variability and health status of the animal, type of tissue and condition treated, and protocol implemented are known to influence on the product's cell and cytokine composition. Such variability is a main clinical concern once it can potentially influence on PRP's therapeutic effects. Thus, lack of qualitative and quantitative evidence-based data supporting PRP's clinical use persists, despite of the numerous studies intended to accomplish this purpose. This narrative review aims to critically evaluate the main research published in the past decade and how it can potentially impact the clinical use of PRP.

A Comparison of the in Vitro and in Vivo Thrombogenic Activity of Factor IX Concentrates Using Stasis (Wessler) and Non-Stasis Rabbit Models

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 081-086 ◽  
Author(s):  
C V Prowse ◽  
A E Williams
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Low Activity

SummaryThe thrombogenic effects of selected factor IX concentrates were evaluated in two rabbit models; the Wessler stasis model and a novel non-stasis model. Concentrates active in either the NAPTT or TGt50 in vitro tests of potential thrombogenicity, or both, caused thrombus formation in the Wessler technique and activation of the coagulation system in the non-stasis model. A concentrate with low activity in both in vitro tests did not have thrombogenic effects in vivo, at the chosen dose. Results in the non-stasis model suggested that the thrombogenic effects of factor IX concentrates may occur by at least two mechanisms. A concentrate prepared from platelet-rich plasma and a pyrogenic concentrate were also tested and found to have no thrombogenic effect in vivo.These studies justify the use of the NAPTT and TGt50 in vitro tests for the screening of factor IX concentrates prior to clinical use.

scholarly journals Impact of the Different Preparation Methods to Obtain Autologous Non-Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma (A-PRP) and Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma (AA-PRP) in Plastic Surgery: Wound Healing and Hair Regrowth Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Gentile ◽  
Claudio Calabrese ◽  
Barbara De Angelis ◽  
Laura Dionisi ◽  
Jacopo Pizzicannella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Closed Technique ◽  
Sterile Processing

Autologous therapies using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) need meticulous preparation—currently, no standardised preparation technique exists. Processing Quantitative Standards (PQSs) define manufacturing quantitative variables (such as time, volume and pressure). Processing Qualitative Standards (PQLSs) define the quality of the materials and methods of manufacturing. The aim of this review is to use existing PQSs and PQLs to report the in vivo/in vitro results obtained by using different Kits, that utilise different procedures (classified as Closed-Technique and Opened-Technique) to isolate autologous human activated (AA-PRP) or non-activated PRP (A-PRP). PQSs included the volumes of blood collected as well as the reagents used, the time/gravity of centrifugation, and the duration, temperature and tilt level/speed of centrifugation. PQLSs included the use of Calcium Chloride CaCl2, Kit weight, transparency of Kit components, the maintenance of a closed sterile processing environment and the use of a small centrifuge. Eight CE marked devices for PRP extraction were evaluated: Angel®, Biomed®, Cascade® and Selphyl®, Mag-18®, i-Stem®, MyCells® and Regenlab®. Using a Kit with the PQSs and PQLSs described in this study enables the isolation of A-PRP, thereby meeting consensus quality criteria. As our understanding of Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) of A-PRP continues to evolve, especially with respect to purity and potency, adjustments to these benchmark PQSs and PQLs will hopefully help isolate A-PRP of desired CQAs with greater reproducibility, quality, and safety. Confirmatory studies will no doubt need to be completed.

scholarly journals Salicylate, diflunisal and their metabolites inhibit CBP/p300 and exhibit anticancer activity

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Shirakawa ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
Na Man ◽  
Jasna Maksimoska ◽  
Alexander W Sorum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Leukemia Cell Lines ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Lysine Acetyltransferase ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Salicylate and acetylsalicylic acid are potent and widely used anti-inflammatory drugs. They are thought to exert their therapeutic effects through multiple mechanisms, including the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenases, modulation of NF-κB activity, and direct activation of AMPK. However, the full spectrum of their activities is incompletely understood. Here we show that salicylate specifically inhibits CBP and p300 lysine acetyltransferase activity in vitro by direct competition with acetyl-Coenzyme A at the catalytic site. We used a chemical structure-similarity search to identify another anti-inflammatory drug, diflunisal, that inhibits p300 more potently than salicylate. At concentrations attainable in human plasma after oral administration, both salicylate and diflunisal blocked the acetylation of lysine residues on histone and non-histone proteins in cells. Finally, we found that diflunisal suppressed the growth of p300-dependent leukemia cell lines expressing AML1-ETO fusion protein in vitro and in vivo. These results highlight a novel epigenetic regulatory mechanism of action for salicylate and derivative drugs.

scholarly journals Hyperoside Suppresses Renal Inflammation by Regulating Macrophage Polarization in Mice With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialing Liu ◽  
Yanmei Zhang ◽  
Hongqin Sheng ◽  
Chunling Liang ◽  
Huazhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Accumulating evidence reveals that both inflammation and lymphocyte dysfunction play a vital role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Hyperoside (HPS) or quercetin-3-O-galactoside is an active flavonoid glycoside mainly found in the Chinese herbal medicine Tu-Si-Zi. Although HPS has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities as well as podocyte-protective effects, its underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic effects of HPS on murine DN and the potential mechanisms responsible for its efficacy. We used C57BLKS/6J Lepdb/db mice and a high glucose (HG)-induced bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) polarization system to investigate the potentially protective effects of HPS on DN. Our results showed that HPS markedly reduced diabetes-induced albuminuria and glomerular mesangial matrix expansion, accompanied with a significant improvement of fasting blood glucose level, hyperlipidaemia and body weight. Mechanistically, pretreatment with HPS effectively regulated macrophage polarization by shifting proinflammatory M1 macrophages (F4/80+CD11b+CD86+) to anti-inflammatory M2 ones (F4/80+CD11b+CD206+) in vivo and in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in vitro, resulting in the inhibition of renal proinflammatory macrophage infiltration and the reduction in expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) while increasing expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine Arg-1 and CD163/CD206 surface molecules. Unexpectedly, pretreatment with HPS suppressed CD4+ T cell proliferation in a coculture model of IL-4-induced M2 macrophages and splenic CD4+ T cells while promoting their differentiation into CD4+IL-4+ Th2 and CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that HPS ameliorates murine DN via promoting macrophage polarization from an M1 to M2 phenotype and CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th2 and Treg populations. Our findings may be implicated for the treatment of DN in clinic.

An Appraisal of Current Pharmacological Perspectives of Sesamol: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 988-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bellamkonda Bosebabu ◽  
Sri Pragnya Cheruku ◽  
Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi ◽  
Madhavan Nampoothiri ◽  
Rekha R. Shenoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds have been authenticated for its medicinal value in both Chinese and Indian systems of medicine. Its numerous potential nutritional benefits are attributed to its main bioactive constituents, sesamol. As a result of those studies, several molecular mechanisms are emerging describing the pleiotropic biological effects of sesamol. This review summarized the most interesting in vitro and in vivo studies on the biological effects of sesamol. The present work summarises data available from Pubmed and Scopus database. Several molecular mechanisms have been elucidated describing the pleiotropic biological effects of sesamol. Its major therapeutic effects have been elicited in managing oxidative and inflammatory conditions, metabolic syndrome and mood disorders. Further, compelling evidence reflected the ability of sesamol in inhibiting proliferation of the inflammatory cell, prevention of invasion and angiogenesis via affecting multiple molecular targets and downstream mechanisms. Sesamol is a safe, non‐toxic chemical that mediates anti‐inflammatory effects by down‐regulating the transcription of inflammatory markers such as cytokines, redox status, protein kinases, and enzymes that promote inflammation. In addition, sesamol also induces apoptosis in cancer cells via mitochondrial and receptor‐mediated pathways, as well as activation of caspase cascades. In the present review, several pharmacological effects of sesamol are summarised namely, antioxidant, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, radioprotective, anti-aging, anti-ulcer, anti-dementia, anti-depressant, antiplatelet, anticonvulsant, anti-anxiolytic, wound healing, cosmetic (skin whitening), anti-microbial, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) inhibition, hepatoprotective activity and other biological effects. Here we have summarized the proposed mechanism behind these pharmacological effects.

Comparison of the Therapeutic Effects of Gold Nanoclusters and Gold Nanoparticles on Rheumatoid Arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2281-2290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhao ◽  
Zhesheng He ◽  
Ruoping Wang ◽  
Pengju Cai ◽  
Xiangchun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Au Clusters ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and progressive cartilage and bone damage. In our previous studies, we found that Au clusters using glutathione as a template (GACs) produced profound anti-inflammatory effects in vitro on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and type II collagen-induced rat RA in vivo. In this study, we examined whether the template for Au clusters synthesis has an effect on its anti-inflammatory effect and whether Au nanoparticles with larger particle diameter produce the same anti-inflammatory effect. We synthesized Au clusters with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a template (BACs), Au clusters with glutathione (GSH) as a template (GACs), and Au nanoparticles with glutathione as a template (GANs) and compared their anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. These three Au nanomaterials can inhibit the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory mediators and ameliorate type II collagen-induced rat RA. However, although the three Au nanomaterials produced similar anti-inflammatory effects, the GANs with larger particle sizes were less stable in vivo and accumulated in the peritoneum after intraperitoneal injection, resulting in poor absorption in vivo. The BACs showed relatively high liver accumulation due to the larger molecular weight of the outer shell. Therefore, we believe that the GACs are potential reliable nanodrugs for the treatment of RA.

scholarly journals Influence of Preparation Methods of Chitooligosaccharides on Their Physicochemical Properties and Their Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Mice and in RAW264.7 Macrophages

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela Sánchez ◽  
María Mengíbar ◽  
Margarita Fernández ◽  
Susana Alemany ◽  
Angeles Heras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The methods to obtain chitooligosaccharides are tightly related to the physicochemical properties of the end products. Knowledge of these physicochemical characteristics is crucial to describing the biological functions of chitooligosaccharides. Chitooligosaccharides were prepared either in a single-step enzymatic hydrolysis using chitosanase, or in a two-step chemical-enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrolyzed products obtained in the single-step preparation were composed mainly of 42% fully deacetylated oligomers plus 54% monoacetylated oligomers, and they attenuated the inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced mice and in RAW264.7 macrophages. However, chitooligosaccharides from the two-step preparation were composed of 50% fully deacetylated oligomers plus 27% monoacetylated oligomers and, conversely, they promoted the inflammatory response in both in vivo and in vitro models. Similar proportions of monoacetylated and deacetylated oligomers is necessary for the mixtures of chitooligosaccharides to achieve anti-inflammatory effects, and it directly depends on the preparation method to which chitosan was submitted.

scholarly journals Effects of New NSAID-CAI Hybrid Compounds in Inflammation and Lung Fibrosis

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Laura Lucarini ◽  
Mariaconcetta Durante ◽  
Silvia Sgambellone ◽  
Cecilia Lanzi ◽  
Elisabetta Bigagli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Pulmonary fibrosis is a severe lung disease with progressive worsening of dyspnea, characterized by chronic inflammation and remodeling of lung parenchyma. Carbonic anhydrases are a family of zinc-metallo-enzymes that catalyze the reversible interconversion of carbon-dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (CAI) exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in animals with permanent-middle-cerebral artery occlusion, arthritis and neuropathic pain. The pharmacological profile of a new class of hybrid compounds constituted by a CAI connected to a Nonsteroidal-Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) was studied in the modulation of inflammation and fibrosis. In-vitro tests were performed to assess their effects on cyclo-oxygenase enzyme (COX)-1 and COX-2, namely inhibition of platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 production in the human-platelet-rich plasma, and reduction of Prostaglandin-E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-treated-RAW-264.7 macrophage cell line. The activity of compound 3, one of the most active, was studied in a model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice. The hybrid compounds showed a higher potency in inhibiting PGE2 production, but not in modifying the platelet aggregation and the TXB2 production in comparison to the reference molecules, indicating an increased activity in COX-2 inhibition. In the in-vivo murine model, the compound 3 was more effective in decreasing inflammation, lung stiffness and oxidative stress in comparison to the reference drugs given alone or in association. In conclusion, these CAI-NSAID hybrid compounds are promising new anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of lung chronic inflammatory diseases.

Potential Anti-inflammatory Sesquiterpene Lactones from Eupatorium lindleyanum

Planta Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (02) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Huanhuan Zhong ◽  
Shiqi Fang ◽  
Yunfeng Zheng ◽  
Cunyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Eupatorium lindleyanum has traditionally been used as folk medicine in Asian countries for its therapeutic effects on tracheitis and tonsillitis. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory active constituents from E. lindleyanum led to the isolation of two novel sesquiterpene lactones, named eupalinolide L (1) and eupalinolide M (2), and seven known sesquiterpene lactones (3–9). The structures and configurations of the new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, especially 2D NMR techniques. In vivo experiments showed that the sesquiterpenes fraction significantly reduced mouse ear edema induced by xylene (18.6%, p < 0.05). In in vitro assays, compounds 1–9 showed excellent anti-inflammatory activities, as they lowered TNF-α and IL-6 levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.001). The above results suggest that the sesquiterpene lactones from E. lindleyanum can be developed as novel potential natural anti-inflammatory agents.

scholarly journals Olive Polyphenols: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Monica Bucciantini ◽  
Manuela Leri ◽  
Pamela Nardiello ◽  
Fiorella Casamenti ◽  
Massimo Stefani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Oxidative stress and inflammation triggered by increased oxidative stress are the cause of many chronic diseases. The lack of anti-inflammatory drugs without side-effects has stimulated the search for new active substances. Plant-derived compounds provide new potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant molecules. Natural products are structurally optimized by evolution to serve particular biological functions, including the regulation of endogenous defense mechanisms and interaction with other organisms. This property explains their relevance for infectious diseases and cancer. Recently, among the various natural substances, polyphenols from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), an important element of the Mediterranean diet, have aroused growing interest. Extensive studies have shown the potent therapeutic effects of these bioactive molecules against a series of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. This review begins from the chemical structure, abundance and bioavailability of the main EVOO polyphenols to highlight the effects and the possible molecular mechanism(s) of action of these compounds against inflammation and oxidation, in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the mechanisms of inhibition of molecular signaling pathways activated by oxidative stress by EVOO polyphenols are discussed, together with their possible roles in inflammation-mediated chronic disorders, also taking into account meta-analysis of population studies and clinical trials.

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