scholarly journals Design and Preliminary Testing of a Magnetic Spring as an Energy-Storing System for Reduced Power Consumption of a Humanoid Arm

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Jhon F. Rodríguez-León ◽  
Ilse Cervantes ◽  
Eduardo Castillo-Castañeda ◽  
Giuseppe Carbone ◽  
Daniele Cafolla
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Magnetic Spring ◽  
Spring System ◽  
Reduced Power Consumption ◽  
Humanoid Arm

The increasing use of robots in the industry, the growing energy prices, and higher environmental awareness have driven research to find new solutions for reducing energy consumption. In additional, in most robotic tasks, energy is used to overcome the forces of gravity, but in a few industrial applications, the force of gravity is used as a source of energy. For this reason, the use of magnetic springs with actuators may reduce the energy consumption of robots performing trajectories due their high-hardness magnetic properties of energy storage. Accordingly, this paper proposes a magnetic spring configuration as an energy-storing system for a two DoF humanoid arm. Thus, an integration of the magnetic spring system in the robot is described. A control strategy is proposed to enable autonomous use. In this paper, the proposed device is modeled and analyzed with simulations as: mechanical energy consumption and kinetic energy rotational and multibody dynamics. Furthermore, a prototype was manufactured and validated experimentally. A preliminary test to check the interaction between the magnetic spring system with the mechanism and the trajectory performance was carried out. Finally, an energy consumption comparison with and without the magnetic spring is also presented.

The Nexus between Financial Development, Economic Growth and Energy Consumption in India: A VECM Technique

2020 ◽  
pp. 602-612
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Growth Energy ◽  
The Impact

The demand for energy consumption requires efficient financial development in terms of bank credit. Therefore, this study examines the nexus between Financial Development, Economic Growth, Energy Prices and Energy Consumption in India, utilizing Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) technique to determine the nature of short and long term relationships from 2010 to 2019. The estimation of results indicates that a one percent increase in bank credits to private sector results in 0.10 percent increase in energy consumption and 0.28 percent increase in energy consumption responses to 1 percent increase in economic growth. It is also observed that the impact of energy price proxied by consumer price index is statistically significant with a negative sign indicating the consistency with the theory.

Design, Kinematics and Prototype of a Flexible Robot Arm With Planar Springs

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Qi ◽  
Hongbin Liu ◽  
Lakmal Seneviratne ◽  
Kaspar Althoefer
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Kinematic Modeling ◽  
Flexible Robot ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Robot Arms ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
In Series ◽  
Fea Simulation

Flexible robot arms have been developed for various medical and industrial applications because of their compliant structures enabling safe environmental interactions. This paper introduces a novel flexible robot arm comprising a number of elastically deformable planar spring elements arranged in series. The effects of flexure design variations on their layer compliance properties are investigated. Numerical studies of the different layer configurations are presented and finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation is conducted. Based on the suspended platform’s motion of each planar spring, this paper then provides a new method for kinematic modeling of the proposed robot arm. The approach is based on the concept of simultaneous rotation and the use of Rodrigues’ rotation formula and is applicable to a wide class of continuum-style robot arms. At last, the flexible robot arms respectively integrated with two different types of compliance layers are prototyped. Preliminary test results are reported.

Corrosion and Wear Protection through Micro Arc Oxidation Coatings in Aluminum and Its Alloys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rama Krishna ◽  
G. Sundararajan
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation ◽  
Coating Formation ◽  
Wear And Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Technological Limitations

This article presents the brief overview of fairly recent and eco-friendly micro arc oxidation (MAO) coating technology. The weight-cost-performance benefits in general raised the interest to utilize lightweight materials, especially the aluminum and its alloys. Despite numerous engineering advantages, the aluminum alloys themselves do not possess suitable tribology and corrosion resistance. Therefore, improvements in surface properties are essential to enable developing potential industrial applications. For improving wear and corrosion resistance of Al alloys, the most demanding surface properties are high hardness and chemical inertness. The technical and technological limitations associated with traditional anodizing and hard anodizing processes have been the strongest driving force behind the development of new MAO technology. While presenting the key technological elements associated with the MAO process, the basic mechanism of coating formation and its phase gradient nature is presented. Influence of various process parameters including the electrolyte composition has been discussed. The typical microstructural features and distribution of α- and γ-Al2O3 phases across the coating thickness as a key strategy to form dense coatings with required mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties which are vital to meet potential application demands are briefly illustrated.

scholarly journals The Financial Development-Renewable Energy Consumption Nexus in the Case of Azerbaijan

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6265
Author(s):  
Shahriyar Mukhtarov ◽  
Sugra Humbatova ◽  
Natig Gadim-Oglu Hajiyev ◽  
Sannur Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption

This article analyzed the relationship between financial development, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and energy prices in Azerbaijan by employing time series data for the time span of 1993–2015. The autoregressive distributed lagged (ARDL) technique was applied in empirical estimations, because it performs better than all the alternative techniques in small samples, which was the case here in this article. The results of estimation found that there is a positive and statistically significant influence of financial development and economic growth on renewable energy consumption, whereas the prices of energy proxied by CPI have an adverse impact on renewable energy consumption in Azerbaijan. Also, estimation results demonstrated that a 1% rise in financial development, proxied by domestic credit as a percentage of GDP, and economic growth increase renewable energy consumption by 0.16% and 0.60%, respectively. The different financial development impacts on renewable energy consumption and related policy implications were also introduced.

Phase, microstructure, and wear behavior of Al2O3-reinforced Fe–Si alloy-based metal matrix nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-480
Author(s):  
Akash Saxena ◽  
Neera Singh ◽  
Bhupendra Singh ◽  
Devendra Kumar ◽  
Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Metal Matrix Nanocomposites ◽  
Matrix Nanocomposites

In the present work, phase, microstructure, and wear properties of Al2O3-reinforced Fe–Si alloy-based metal matrix nanocomposites have been studied. Composites using 2 wt.% and 5 wt.% of Si and rest Fe powder mix were synthesized via powder metallurgy and sintered at different temperature schedules. Iron–silicon alloy specimens were found to have high hardness and high wear resistance in comparison to pure iron specimens. Addition of 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% alumina reinforcement in Fe–Si alloy composition helped in developing iron aluminate (FeAl2O4) phase in composites which further improved the mechanical properties i.e. high hardness and wear resistance. Formation of iron aluminate phase occurs due to reactive sintering between Fe and Al2O3 particles. It is expected that the improved behavior of prepared nanocomposites as compared to conventional metals will be helpful in finding their use for wide industrial applications.

The effects of energy prices, urbanization and economic growth on energy consumption per capita in 186 countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 1017-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Min Su ◽  
Rongrong Li ◽  
Pablo Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Per Capita

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of the Installation of Heat-Cost Allocators in Multifamily Buildings in Croatia

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunčana Slijepčević ◽  
Davor Mikulić ◽  
Kristijan Horvat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Cost

In order to improve energy efficiency, the Croatian government introduced an individual metering obligation for all district heat network users. The purpose of the research was to evaluate this policy measure regarding its effects on tenants’ behavior and energy savings, but also from the perspective of cost-effectiveness. The sample includes approximately 20% of all Croatian users of district heat energy. Energy savings related to the installation of heat cost allocators are calculated by comparing the specific heat energy consumption, corrected for the number of heating degree days, in periods before and after the installation of the heat cost allocators. The cost-effectiveness assessment is based on the concept of the net present value. The transition to individual metering in Croatia resulted in significant energy savings averaged from 20 to 35%. However, low heat energy prices in cities with a dominant share of heat energy consumption did not ensure a positive net present value of investment for all buildings.

scholarly journals Switching off or switching source: energy consumption and household response to higher energy prices in the Kyrgyz Republic

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Gassmann ◽  
Raquel Tsukada
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Energy Prices

The Use of Renewable Energy in the Form of Methane Via Electrolytic Hydrogen Generation / Zastosowanie Odnawialnej Energii W Formie Metanu Na Drodze Elektrolitycznej Produkcji Wodoru

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hashimoto ◽  
N. Kumagai ◽  
K. Izumiya ◽  
H. Takano ◽  
P.R. Zabinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Electrolytic Hydrogen ◽  
World Energy Consumption ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Seawater Electrolysis

Extrapolation of world energy consumption from 1990 to 2010 indicates the complete exhaustion of world reserves of oil, natural gas, uranium and coal by 2040, 2043, 2046 and 2053, respectively. For the survival of all people in the whole world, intermittent and fluctuating electricity generated from renewable energy should be supplied in the form of usable fuel to all people in the whole world. We have been working on research and development of global carbon dioxide recycling for the use of renewable energy in the form of methane via electrolytic hydrogen generation using carbon dioxide as the feedstock. We created energy-saving cathodes for hydrogen production, anodes for oxygen evolution without chlorine formation in seawater electrolysis, and catalysts for methanation of carbon dioxide and built pilot plants of industrial scale. Recent advances in materials are described. Industrial applications are in progress.

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