scholarly journals Effect of Energy Recovery on Efficiency in Electro-Hydrostatic Closed System for Differential Actuator

Actuators ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Thales Agostini ◽  
Victor De Negri ◽  
Tatiana Minav ◽  
Matti Pietola
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Gear Pump ◽  
Significant Gain ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Actuator System ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Hydraulic Accumulator ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
External Gear Pump

This paper investigates energy efficiency and dynamic behavior through simulation and experiments of a compact electro-hydrostatic actuator system (EHA) consisting of an electric motor, external gear pump/motors, hydraulic accumulator, and differential cylinder. Tests were performed in a stand-alone crane in order to validate the mathematical model. The influence and importance of a good balance between pump/motors displacement and cylinder areas ratios is discussed. The overall efficiency for the performed motion is also compared considering the capability or not of energy recovery. The results obtained demonstrate the significant gain of efficiency when working in the optimal condition and it is compared to the conventional hydraulic system using proportional valves. The proposed system presents the advantages and disadvantages when utilizing components off-the-shelf taking into account the applicability in mobile and industrial stationary machines.

Experimental Investigation of Hydraulic-Pneumatic Regenerative Braking System

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Agwu Nnanna ◽  
Erik Rolfs ◽  
James Taylor ◽  
Karla Ariadny Freitas Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Gear Pump ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Overall Efficiency

Design and development of energy efficient vehicles is of paramount importance to the automobile industry. Energy efficiency can be enhanced through recovery of the kinetic energy lost in the form of waste heat during braking. The kinetic energy could be converted into a reusable energy source and aid in acceleration, hence the braking system would contribute to improving the overall efficiency of a vehicle. Hydraulic-Pneumatic Regenerative Braking (HPRB) systems are a hybrid drive system that works in tandem with a vehicle’s engine and drivetrain to improve efficiency and fuel-economy. A HPRB system functions by recovering the energy typically lost to heat during vehicle braking, and storing this energy as a reusable source that can propel a vehicle from a stop. The major advantages of a HPRB system are that a vehicle would not require its engine to run during braking to stop, nor would the engine be required to accelerate the vehicle initially from a stop. The benefit realized by this system is an increase in fuel-efficiency, reduced vehicle emissions, and overall financial savings. An HPRB system aids in slowing a vehicle by creating a drag on the driveline as it recovers and stores energy during braking. Therefore, HPRB system operation reduces wear by minimizing the amount of work performed by the brake pads and rotors. An experimental investigation of Hydraulic-Pneumatic Regenerative Braking (HPRB) system was conducted to measure the system’s overall efficiency and available power output. The HPRB in this study is a 1/10th lab-scale model of a light-duty four wheel vehicle. The design/size was based on a 3500 lbs light-duty four wheel vehicle with an estimated passenger weight of 500 lbs. It was assumed that the vehicle can accelerate from 0–15 mph in 2 seconds. The aim of this work is to examine the effect of heat losses due to irreversibility on energy recovery. The experimental facility consisted of a hydraulic pump, two hydraulic-pneumatic accumulators, solenoid and relief valves, and data acquisition system. The HPRB system did not include any driveline components necessary to attach this system onto a vehicle’s chassis rather an electric motor was used to drive the pump and simulate the power input to the system from a spinning drive shaft. Pressure transducers, Hall effects sensor, and thermocouples were installed at suction and discharge sections of the hydraulic and pneumatic components to measure hydrodynamic and thermos-physical properties. The measured data were used to determine the system’s energy recovery and power delivery efficiency. Results showed that the HPRB system is capable of recovering 47% of the energy input to the system during charging, and 64% efficient in power output during discharging with an input and output of 0.33 and 0.21 horsepower respectively. Inefficiencies during operation were attributed to heat generation from the gear pump but especially due to the piston accumulator, where heat loss attributed to a 12% reduction in energy potential alone.

Design and optimization of a new kind of hydraulic cylinder for mobile robots

2015 ◽  
Vol 229 (18) ◽  
pp. 3459-3472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Xue ◽  
JunHong Yang ◽  
JianZhong Shang ◽  
HuiXiang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Load Pressure ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mathematical Model

In order to improve the efficiency of multi-actuator mobile robots hydraulic system, this paper proposes a new kind of cylinder whose effective area is variable. The new cylinder has multi chambers which can be connected with each other or to a main system circuit by controlling switching valves. On the one hand, the new cylinder can make sure that the load pressure of all actuators is almost equal through varying effective area. On the other hand, the new cylinder can realize the flow recovery through that return chambers are connected with feeding chambers. Therefore, the new cylinder can reduce overall machine energy consumption by reducing throttling losses and allowing energy recovery. The performance of the new cylinder is analyzed through building the mathematical model. Based on the evaluated results, in order to further improve the performance of the load match of the cylinder and avoid the deflection of the main piston, the structure of the cylinder is optimized. Finally, an optimized cylinder is shown in this paper which has well performance of the load match.

Simulation Study on Different Energy Efficient Hydraulic System: An Overview

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 2234-2238
Author(s):  
Ramashankar Paswan ◽  
J. Das ◽  
N. Kumar ◽  
Ajit Kumar ◽  
Santosh K. Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Hydraulic Motor ◽  
Hydrostatic Transmission ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Hydraulic Accumulator ◽  
Physical Features

In this paper, a new hydraulic energy-regenerative model was offered from its application through modelling to its control. The model was constructed on a closed-loop hydrostatic transmission and used a hydraulic accumulator as the energy storage system invented in a new configuration to recover the kinetic energy without any return of the fluid flow. The displacement deviation in the secondary unit was reduced, increasing the uses of several types of hydraulic motor/pumps. The proposed system was modelled based on its physical features. The energy consumption and the influences on the energy-recovery potential of the system were analyzed. Simulation and experiments were performed to evaluate the validity of the employed mathematical model and the effectiveness of the control system. Keywords: Hydraulic accumulator, Hydraulic system, Energy recovery.

scholarly journals Parameterization, Modeling, and Validation in Real Conditions of an External Gear Pump

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3089
Author(s):  
Miquel Torrent ◽  
Pedro Javier Gamez-Montero ◽  
Esteban Codina
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Graph Model ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Gear Pump ◽  
Volumetric Behavior ◽  
External Gear Pump ◽  
Standard Tests

This article presents a methodology for predicting the fluid dynamic behavior of a gear pump over its operating range. Complete pump parameterization was carried out through standard tests, and these parameters were used to create a bond graph model to simulate the behavior of the unit. This model was experimentally validated under working conditions in field tests. To carry this out, the pump was used to drive the auxiliary movements of a drilling machine, and the experimental data were compared with a simulation of the volumetric behavior under the same conditions. This paper aims to describe a method for characterizing any hydrostatic pump as a “black box” model predicting its behavior in any operating condition. The novelty of this method is based on the correspondence between the variation of the parameters and the internal changes of the unit when working in real conditions, that is, outside a test bench.

scholarly journals Backstepping Sliding-Mode Control of Piezoelectric Single-Piston Pump-Controlled Actuator

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Pengda Ren ◽  
Xinhao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Mode Control ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Piezoelectric Pump ◽  
Mode Control ◽  
Control Precision ◽  
Backstepping Sliding Mode Control ◽  
Actuator System ◽  
The Mathematical Model

A piston piezoelectric (PZT) pump has many advantages for the use of light actuators. How to deal with the contradiction between the intermittent oil supplying and position control precision is essential when designing the controller. In order to accurately control the output of the actuator, a backstepping sliding-mode control method based on the Lyapunov function is introduced, and the controller is designed on the basis of establishing the mathematical model of the system. The simulation results show that, compared with fuzzy PID and ordinary sliding-mode control, backstepping sliding-mode control has a stronger anti-jamming ability and tracking performance, and improves the control accuracy and stability of the piezoelectric pump-controlled actuator system.

scholarly journals Design and Modeling of a Bio-Inspired Flexible Joint Actuator

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Ming Xu ◽  
Cheng Rong ◽  
Long He
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Flexible Joint ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Moving Speed

Spiders rely on a hydraulic system to stretch their legs but use muscles to make their legs flex. The compound drive of hydraulics and muscle makes an integrate dexterous structure with powerful locomotion abilities, which perfectly meets the primary requirements of advanced robots. Inspired by this hydraulics-muscle co-drive joint, a novel flexible joint actuator was proposed and its driving characteristics were preliminarily explored. The bio-inspired flexible joint manifested as a double-constrained balloon actuator, which was fabricated by the composite process of 3D printing and casting. To evaluate its performance, the mathematical model was deduced, as well as the finite element analysis (FEA) model. A series of experiments on the rotation angles, driving forces, and efficiencies of the flexible joint were carried out and compared with the mathematical calculations and FEA simulations. The results show that the accuracy of the two theoretical models can be used to assess the joint actuator. The locomotion test of a soft arthropod robot with two flexible joints was also implemented, where the moving speed reached 22 mm/s and the feasibility of the proposed flexible joint applied to a soft robot was demonstrated.

The Research on Pure Water Hydraulic External Gear Pump

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 1767-1772
Author(s):  
De Xin Zhao ◽  
Rui Bo Yuan ◽  
Jing Luo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Spare Part ◽  
Gear Pump ◽  
Calculation Of Parameters ◽  
Water Hydraulic ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
External Gear Pump

This article describes the structure of pure water hydraulic external gear pump, structural design and calculation of parameters,analysises the mai spare part material of pure water hydraulic external gear pump and determines the type of the new engineering materials. Besides the surface treatment process of pump are discussed. Pure water hydraulic external gear pump is simulated by FLUENT, obtaining the parameters of the influence of the pump's performance.

scholarly journals ENERGY-EFFICIENT TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HYDRAULIC DRIVE OF THE TRACTOR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Yudin ◽  
◽  
R.N. Puzakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Uneven Terrain ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Hydraulic Accumulator ◽  
Technical Solutions

During the movement of the tractor on the uneven terrain, there are fluctuations that cause jumps of the working fluid in the hydraulic system and high dynamic loads. The solution to this problem is the use of an energy-saving hydraulic drive with a hydraulic accumulator and a system of aggregates this leads to increased efficiency and increased productivity of skidding grippers. A mathematical model of working processes with an energy-saving hydraulic drive is compiled.

scholarly journals Theoretical background of hydraulic drive control system analysis for testing piston hydraulic cylinders

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Rybak ◽  
I. K. Tsybriy ◽  
S. V. Nosachev ◽  
A. R. Zenin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Hydraulic Motor ◽  
Hydraulic Machines ◽  
Life Tests ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinders

Introduction. The durability and performance of hydraulic machines is determined through life tests. At that, various braking devices (mechanical, electric, hydraulic, etc.) are used for strength loading of the hydraulic motor, as a result of which a significant amount of energy is lost. This can be avoided if the method of rotational motion with energy recovery is used during life tests. This approach is applicable for hydraulic pumps, motors, and hydraulic cylinders.Materials and Methods. A test bench is presented, the design of which provides recreation of the conditions most appropriate for the field operation of hydraulic cylinders. In this case, energy recovery is possible. To solve the research problems, methods of mathematical modeling were used, the basic functional parameters of the proposed design were calculated. The determination of the pressure increment at various points in the hydraulic system is based on the theory of volumetric rigidity. When modeling the motion of the moving elements of the bench hydraulic system, the laws of rotor motion are used.Research Results. In the structure of the test bench, the cylinders in question are located in the pressure main between the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor. This enables to significantly reduce the bench itself and to save a significant amount of energy due to its recovery. A basic hydraulic diagram of the test bench for piston hydraulic cylinders is presented, in which the operation of the moving elements of the system is shown. A mathematical modeling of the hydraulic system of the bench is performed. A kinematic diagram of the mechanism for transmitting motion between test cylinders is shown.Discussion and Conclusions. The system of equations presented in the paper shows how the increment of pressure at the selected nodal points of the energy recovery system is determined (in particular, how the increment depends on time, reduced coefficient of volumetric rigidity, operating fluid consumption, and piston areas). The velocities of the hydraulic pistons are determined according to the kinematic scheme of the mechanical transmission of the bench. Thus it can be argued that, thanks to the solution presented in the paper, the life test results of hydraulic cylinders will adequately reflect their operation under rated duties.

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