scholarly journals The Effect of Light Exposures on the Content of Harmful Substances in Edible Potato Tuber

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Rymuza ◽  
Marek Gugała ◽  
Krystyna Zarzecka ◽  
Anna Sikorska ◽  
Pavol Findura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Total Glycoalkaloids ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linear Manner ◽  
Effect Of Light

Background: The impact of light on the content of undesirable substances is particularly important in the case of potatoes available in store where the tubers are exposed to continuous light access. Both washed and unwashed potatoes are available, hence the hypothesis that the amount of harmful substances stored in tubers depends not only on the time of their exposure to light, but also on whether they were washed or not. Methods: In order to verify the hypothesis, laboratory tests were carried out on the tubers of five potato varieties originating from a univariate field experiment. The aim of the study was to analyse the change in the content of total glycoalkaloids (TGA) and nitrates (V) in tubers of five potato varieties depending on the time of light exposition (0, 7, 14 days) and pretreatment of tubers. Results: It has been demonstrated that the content of glycoalkaloids and nitrates in potato tubers depended significantly on the variety, time of exposure to light and pretreatment. Most glycoalkaloids were accumulated in the tubers of the Lord (89.67 mg·kg−1) and Irga (89.05 mg·kg−1) varieties. The time of light exposure significantly influenced the increase in glycoalkaloids and nitrates in the studied potato tubers. The increase in TGA after 14 days ranged from 20.67 mg∙kg−1 for variety Vinieta to 54.67 mg∙kg−1 for variety Irga. The increase in nitrates ranged from 11.67 mg∙kg−1 for variety Bellarosa to 27.50 mg∙kg−1 for variety Irga. Exposure time affected the content of glycoalkaloids in a parabolic manner and the content of nitrates in a linear manner.

INTERACTIONS OF THE PINEAL AND EXPOSURE TO CONTINUOUS LIGHT ON ORGAN WEIGHTS OF FEMALE RATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Jay Wurtman ◽  
Willard Roth ◽  
Mark D. Altschule ◽  
Judith J. Wurtman
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Bovine Pineal Extracts ◽  
Pineal Extracts ◽  
Effect Of Light

ABSTRACT Either exposure to constant light for 80 days or pinealectomy produced similar changes in the weights of the ovaries and adrenals of female rats. These were not additive when both procedures were employed. Pinealectomy did not share with light-exposure the capacity to induce uterine hypertrophy. Rats exposed to constant light for 56 days had lighter pineals than animals kept in darkness; this decrease was not affected by administration of bovine pineal extracts. The increase in ovarian weight produced in rats by exposure to light for 56 days was prevented by bovine pineal extracts, but these extracts were without effect on the uterine hypertrophy produced under the same conditions. These data suggest that the effect of light upon the weight of the ovary is mediated via the pineal.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Nutrition of Early-Maturing Potato Varieties on Drip Irrigation in the South of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Valentina Gamajunova ◽  
Lubov Khonenko ◽  
Oksana Iskakova
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Impact

Potatoes are an extremely important crop for the nutrition of the population in Ukraine. Its potential is high-up to 100 t/ha of tubers, but the average yield reaches 14-16 t/ha. To obtain significantly higher productivity, it is necessary to improve the main elements of cultivation technology. The main factor of potato production on drip irrigation is the optimisation of plant nutrition, which the authors have taken to study with three varieties of early maturing potatoes. Studies have established that providing plants with nutrients with the selection of varieties can increase the productivity of tubers up to 37-39 t/ha, or increase its level compared to the control to 64.7%. It was determined that the maximum yield is provided by the main application from autumn N32P32K32, before planting N48P48K48 and carrying out three top dressings during the growing season simultaneously with watering with a total rate of N33 and Plantafol 6 kg/ha, starting from the beginning of budding with an interval of 8-10 days. At the same time, tubers are formed with high-quality indicators as they contain a sufficient number of dry substances, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and starch. It should be noted that when optimising nutrition, the intake of all the main indicators of potato tubers compared to the control slightly decreased, namely dry substances and starch. On the contrary, the amount of ascorbic acid increased, especially with top dressing with Plantafol. Varietal features regarding the impact on the quality of tubers are also determined. Significantly more dry substances were found in tubers of the Riviera and Prada varieties, and more starch content was found in Prada and Minerva varieties. Slightly less dry matter and ascorbic acid were detected in Minerva potato tubers compared to other varieties. From the grown crop of tubers of the studied potato varieties, it is possible to obtain up to 4.0 t/ha of bioethanol or alcohol if they are processed

scholarly journals ON THE ISSUE OF DAMAGE TO POTATOES DURING HARVESTING AND STORAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Д.В. КОЛОШЕИН ◽  
Н.В. ЦЫГАНОВ ◽  
Л.А. МАСЛОВА ◽  
С.Н. КУЛЬКОВ
Keyword(s):  
Potato Variety ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Technical Factor ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Shock Absorbers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Fall Height

Проблема и цель. Целью проводимого исследования является снижение механических повреждений в процессе погрузки, перевозки клубней и закладке картофеля на хранение. Методология. Повреждения клубней влияют на лежкость картофеля при хранении. Для достижения цели исследования были определены в соответствии со стандартами предельно допустимые значения энергии удара и высоты падения клубней. Анализ факторов, влияющих на появление повреждений клубней картофеля, позволил группе авторов предложить классификацию основных факторов. Дальнейший анализ показал, что факторы или причины, влияющие на появление повреждений у клубней картофеля, делятся на несколько основных видов. Биологический фактор возникновения повреждений клубней картофеля, как показывает практика, можно минимизировать за счет районирования сортов картофеля (использование наиболее пригодных сортов картофеля для машинной уборки) и соблюдения технологии уборки урожая. Технический фактор в первую очередь зависит от конструктивных особенностей картофелеуборочной техники. Результаты. Проведенные исследования позволили уточнить причины механических повреждений клубней, получаемых при закладке на хранение картофеля в контейнеры. Были определены также размерно-массовые характеристики сорта картофеля «Гала» Заключение. По итогам проведенных исследований было определено, что при загрузке контейнеров и хранении картофеля, а также с целью снижения повреждений клубней необходимо применять различные типы гасителей ударной нагрузки. Самым простым гасителем будут являться ремни из прорезиненной ткани, с креплением по краям контейнера. Problem and goal. The purpose of the study is to reduce mechanical damage during loading, transportation of tubers and laying potatoes for storage. Methodology. Damage to the tubers afects the shelf life of potatoes during storage. Thus, in order to achieve the goal of the study, the maximum permissible values of the impact energy and the fall height of the tubers were determined in accordance with the standards. For this purpose, a group of authors proposed a classifcation of factors that afect the appearance of damage to potato tubers. The analysis of the factors allowed us to identify the classifcation of the necessary factors that afect the appearance of mechanical damage. Further analysis showed that the factors or causes that afect the appearance of damage in potato tubers are divided into several main types. The biological factor of damage to potato tubers, as practice shows, can be minimized by zoning potato varieties (using the most suitable potato varieties for machine harvesting) and compliance with harvesting technology. The technical factor, as practice shows, primarily depends on the design features of potato harvesting equipment. Results. The conducted research allowed us to clarify the causes of mechanical damage to tubers obtained when storing potatoes in containers. The size and mass characteristics of the potato variety "Gala" were also determined» Conclusion. Based on the results of the conducted studies, it was determined that various types of shock absorbers should be used to load containers and store potatoes, as well as to reduce damage to tubers. The simplest extinguisher will be belts made of rubberized fabric, with fastening at the edges of the container.

Working conditions and the formation of health risks among workers of the petrochemical industry engaged in the production of methanol and its derivatives

2019 ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Nina M. Meshchakova ◽  
Marina P. Dyakovich ◽  
Salim F. Shayakhmetov
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Industrial Noise ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
The Impact

Introduction.Methanol and its derivatives occupy one of the leading places among the main organic synthesis intermediates in terms of their importance and scale of production. According to experts, by 2027 the global demand for methanol can reach 135 million tons, the annual growth will be about 5.5%. However, there is little information regarding the assessment of working conditions and occupational risks for workers in modern methanol production and its derivatives.The aim of the studyis hygienic assessment of working conditions and the formation of health risks in workers of modern production of methanol and methylamines.Materials and methods.The assessment of the main adverse factors of production is given. When studying the state of health, objective indicators (the results of an in-depth medical examination) and subjective (the results of a quantitative assessment of the risks of the main pathological syndromes associated with health) are considered.Results.According to long-term observations, the concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area, indicators of labor severity, parameters of physical factors met hygienic requirements, with the exception of industrial noise exceeding the maximum permissible level, as well as labor intensity of 1 degree. The General assessment of working conditions corresponds to the category of harmful 2 degrees (3.2). According to the results of the medical examination and quantitative assessment of the risks of health disorders in workers, the most significant were functional disorders and diseases of the circulatory system. The levels of somatic pathology on the part of the main body systems were significantly higher in apparatchiks compared to the engineering and technical personnel (ETP).Conclusions:In the production of methyl alcohol and methylamines, the main hygienic importance is the impact on workers of the complex of harmful substances of 1-IV hazard classes in low concentrations, increased levels of industrial noise, labor intensity of 1 degree. According to the subjective assessment of health and medical examination, the greatest prevalence of health risks in workers was observed from the circulatory system, and the levels of the revealed somatic pathology were statistically significantly higher in apparatchiks compared with the ETP.

scholarly journals 111 Artificial Light-Triggered Sleep Deprivation May Lead to Allodynia in Rodent Model

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A45-A46
Author(s):  
Skyler Kanegi ◽  
Armen Akopian
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Mechanical Threshold ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
Von Frey Filaments

Abstract Introduction The combination of artificial light and lack of exposure to natural light can delay the circadian clock, dysregulate the circadian cycle, and decrease alertness upon waking. This effect has been especially significant during the COVID-19 pandemic, where overexposure to artificial light at improper hours has contributed to increased rates of clinical insomnia. Artificial light may also contribute to concomitant neurological conditions such as primary headache, but the mechanisms by which light triggers sleep deprivation-induced headache are not well-understood. Methods To measure pain sensitivity, we habituated 13 wild-type male mice to von Frey filaments applied to the periorbital area until there was no response to 0.6g stimulus. We then applied 5 lux of continuous dim light to mice during their usual 12-hour dark cycle. The 12-hour light cycle remained unchanged with 200 lux continuous light. Three groups of mice experienced the dim light stimulus for one, three, or five consecutive days. Ambulation and rest activity were measured using SOF-812 Activity Monitor machines. After the experiment concluded, we waited 24 hours and measured mechanical threshold using von Frey filaments at 1, 3, 5, 8, and every 3 days subsequently until mice no longer responded to 0.6g stimulus. Results Artificial light triggered changes in circadian behavior including increased number of rest periods during 12-hour dark (dim light) cycle and shortened sleep duration during 12-hour light cycle. Following the artificial light stimulus, there was a significant decrease in mechanical threshold (P<0.05), representing allodynia. The one-day group displayed one day of significant allodynia. The three-day group displayed three days of significant allodynia. The five-day group displayed five days of significant allodynia. Conclusion Artificial light may trigger circadian dysregulation, and the duration of artificial light exposure seemed to be directly correlated to the duration of allodynia up to one week after the stimulus was removed. We will repeat these experiments and analyze CNS and PNS tissue samples to understand the underlying physiological and biochemical bases of how artificial light triggers sleep deprivation-induced headache. This knowledge could increase our understanding of the pathophysiology and comorbidity of sleep deprivation and headache. Support (if any) Funding was received from the National Institute of Health (NS104200).

scholarly journals Effects of voluntary removal of ractopamine hydrochloride (Optaflexx) on live performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Rincker ◽  
J B Allen ◽  
M Edmonds ◽  
M S Brown ◽  
J C Kube
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Meet Residue ◽  
Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linear Manner

Abstract There is a lack of consistency across the globe in how countries establish tissue ractopamine residue limits and which residue limits are applied to various tissues, particularly for edible noncarcass tissues. Therefore, some US beef slaughter organizations have recommended a 48-h voluntary removal of ractopamine before slaughter in order to meet residue requirements of specific export countries and maintain international trade. Our objective was to assess the impact of voluntary removal of ractopamine hydrochloride (Optaflexx®; Elanco, Greenfield, IN) up to 8 d before slaughter on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Crossbred beef steers (60 pens of 10 animals/pen) with an initial shrunk body weight (BW) of 611.8 ± 10 kg SEM were fed one of six treatments over 42 d. Treatments included a control that did not receive ractopamine, on-label use of ractopamine (0-d withdrawal), and 2, 4, 6, or 8 d of voluntary removal of ractopamine from feed before slaughter. The start of ractopamine feeding (30.1 mg/kg of diet dry matter for 32 d) was staggered so that blocks could be slaughtered on the same day. Dry matter intake was decreased by 0.5 kg/d when ractopamine was fed with a 0-d withdrawal (P = 0.04) compared to the control, but was not altered (P = 0.56) as the duration of ractopamine removal increased from 0 to 8 d. Final BW, total BW gain, and average daily BW gain were increased by feeding ractopamine with a 0-d withdrawal (P = 0.09) compared to the control, but these variables decreased in a linear manner (P = 0.10) as the duration of removal increased from 0 to 8 d. Gain efficiency was improved by 15% (P < 0.01) by feeding ractopamine with a 0-d withdrawal compared to the control, and gain efficiency decreased linearly (P = 0.06) as the duration of ractopamine removal increased. Approximately 2/3 of the increase in gain efficiency remained after 8 d of removal. Hot carcass weight was increased by 6 kg (P = 0.02) by feeding ractopamine with a 0-d withdrawal compared to the control. Measured carcass characteristics were not altered by ractopamine feeding or by removal before slaughter (P ≥ 0.24). The consequences of voluntary removal of ractopamine up to 8 d before slaughter were a linear decrease in live BW gain (0.64 kg/d), poorer gain efficiency, and numerically lighter carcass weight.

Dry eye following cataract surgery: The effect of light exposure using an in-vitro model

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tugce Ipek ◽  
Mariana Petronela Hanga ◽  
Andreas Hartwig ◽  
James Wolffsohn ◽  
Clare O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Effect Of Light

Letter to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Milby
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Effect Of Light

Dr. Aase's question about the possibility that differences in exposure to light might have accounted for our observed differences in bilirubin levels is, of course, germane. During the course of our study, we became aware of the reports which described the effect of light on degradation of bilirubin. However, we could determine no differences in light exposure between the two populations under study nor, because of the physical arrangements of the nurseries, did there appear to be any possibility that there would be seasonal variations in the amount of light exposure.

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