scholarly journals New Interspecific Brassica Hybrids with High Levels of Heterosis for Fatty Acids Composition

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janetta Niemann ◽  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Kinga Stuper-Szablewska ◽  
Tomasz Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Hybrid Line ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Mean Values

Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is the most important oil crop in Europe. Optimizing the profile and quantity of fatty acids in rapeseed is critical for maximizing the value of edible oil. Although the utilization of crop heterosis for hybrid breeding in rapeseed is limited by the relatively narrow genetic basis of adapted germplasm, an up-to-date significant effort has been made to broaden the rapeseed gene pool using different strategies. The present study was aimed to estimate heterosis for oil quality of the newly developed Brassica interspecific hybrids, using selected parental lines. For this purpose, five parental genotypes and twenty-two interspecific cross-derived Brassica lines were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Greater Poland region during 2009, 2010 and 2011. Generally, the variation among genotypes was evident for most of the tested fatty acids mean values, but the differences between genotypes were not always statistically significant when based on individual fatty acids (FAs). However, the highest number of significant heterosis effects was observed for behenic and lignoceric acids and for Brassica hybrid line H1. Based on obtained results it was possible to select one genotype—the hybrid line H5, which is recommended for further inclusion in the breeding programs.

scholarly journals Research Regarding Dynamics of Chemical Content from Pasteurized Egg Melange Stored in Polyethylene Type Packings

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
Roxana Nicoleta Ratu ◽  
Marius Giorgi Usturoi ◽  
Daniel Simeanu ◽  
Cristina Simeanu ◽  
Alexandru Usturoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Chemical Content

n the current paper, we aimed to analyze the way in which packing (different polyethylene types) influence the quality of pasteurized melange during storage, packing being realized in units of 1 kg (Tetra Pak) (batch Lexp-1) and units of 5 kg (Bag in box) (batch Lexp-2). Products were stored during a period of 28 days at a temperature of +4�C, qualitative determinations being realized in first day (day 0), at 7 days, at 14 days, 21 days and in day 28 of storage. Were effectuated a sensorial examination and chemical analysis were was established the content in dry matter (%), water (%), proteins (%), content in essential amino acids (isoleucine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine) and non-essential amino acids (alanine, histidine, glycine, serine) (mg/100g) as well as the content in lipids (%) establishing their profile by identification of some saturated fatty acids (16:0 mg/100g and 18:0 mg/100g) and unsaturated fatty acids (16:1 mg/100g and 18:1 mg/100g). After sensorial examinations, the first modifications were observed at the checking effectuated in day 21 for batch Lexp-2, the obtained score being of 18 points, and at checking effectuated in day 28 was given a score of 18 points for melange belonging to batch Lexp-1 and only 14 points for melange from batch Lexp-2. Differences were recorded also in case of chemical composition of products, so for protein content at batch Lexp-1 in first checking day was obtained a mean of 12.730�0.24% and at batch Lexp-2 12.614�0.22%. Differences between those two batches were insignificant (p[0.05). In case of fat content, at the end of storage period was obtained a mean of 11.256�0.06% for batch Lexp-1 and 11.244�0.11% for batch Lexp-2, differences being insignificant (p [ 0.05). Regarding the profile of amino acids and fatty acids, the mean values obtained during whole storage period oscillated from one stage to another, but the differences between those two batches were insignificant (p [ 0.05). Pasteurized egg melange suffers certain sensorial modifications during storage, especially on consistency and colouring, modifications which are accentuated mainly by storage conditions. Type of polyethylene utilized for this product hadn�t influenced the nutritive qualities of product.

scholarly journals Stomata and Xylem Vessels Traits Improved by Melatonin Application Contribute to Enhancing Salt Tolerance and Fatty Acid Composition of Brassica napus L. Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. A. Mohamed ◽  
Nesma Shalby ◽  
Ali M. A. El-Badri ◽  
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽  
Mohammad Nauman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Growth And Yield

Salinity stress is a limiting factor for the growth and yield quality of rapeseed. The potentiality of melatonin (MT; 0, 25, 50, and 100 µM) application as a seed priming agent in mediating K+/Na+ homeostasis and preventing the salinity stress mediated oxidative damage and photosynthetic inhibition was studied in two rapeseed cultivars. We found that 50 µM MT treatment imparted a very prominent impact on growth, metabolism of antioxidants, photosynthesis, osmolytes, secondary metabolites, yield, and fatty acids composition. Days required for appearance of first flower and 50% flowering were decreased by MT application. Exogenous MT treatment effectively decreased the oxidative damage by significantly declining the generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide under saline and non-saline conditions, as reflected in lowered lipid peroxidation, heightened membrane stability, and up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase). Furthermore, MT application enhanced the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, relative water content, K+/Na+ homeostasis, soluble sugars, and proline content. Moreover, MT application obviously improved the oil quality of rapeseed cultivars by reducing glucosinolates, saturated fatty acids (palmitic and arachidic acids), and enhancing unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic and oleic acids except erucic acid were reduced). Yield related-traits such as silique traits, seed yield per plant, 1000 seeds weight, seed oil content, and yield biomass traits were enhanced by MT application. The anatomical analysis of leaf and stem showed that stomatal and xylem vessels traits are associated with sodium chloride tolerance, yield, and seed fatty acid composition. These results suggest the supportive role of MT on the quality and quantity of rapeseed oil yield.

scholarly journals Heterosis for seed, oil yield and quality of some different hybrids sunflower

OCL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdel-Rahem ◽  
Tamer H.A. Hassan ◽  
Hamdy A. Zahran
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Additive Type ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Varietal Improvement

Twenty-one hybrids of sunflower were produced by crossing 7 introduced cytoplasmic male sterile lines (CMS-lines) with 3 restorer lines (RF-lines) using line × tester mating design. The twenty-one hybrids, three restorers, seven maintainer lines (B-lines) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design of three replications. Mean squares due to genotypes, parents (P), crosses (C), lines (L), testers (T), P vs. C, for stearic acid and line × tester for palmitic acid. The inbred lines and their F1 hybrids differed significantly in their mean values of the traits under study. The variances due to specific combining ability (SCA) were higher than general combining ability (GCA) variances for all the studied traits, showing non-additive type of gene action controlling the traits. Non-additive type of gene action can be utilized for varietal improvement through heterosis breeding. Heterosis values for seed yield plant−1 were positive and highly significant relative to both the parental mean (17.68–72.38%) and the better parent (−2.86–56.842%). Significantly and negative heterosis was recorded in the case of linoleic acid relative to the parental mean (−81.24 to −38.02%) and better parent (−66.24–22.87%). With oleic acid, the heterotic effect ranged from −14.18 to 39.59% (parental mean) and from −15.06 to 38.72% (better parent). Therefore, these results are valuable for the improvement of quantitative as well as qualitative traits in sunflower breeding material to fulfill the edible oil requirements.

Variation for fatty acids and oil quality parameters in backcross population of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gangadhara ◽  
H. L. Nadaf ◽  
J. Ashish
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Backcross Populations

Groundnut is an important oilseed legume and oil quality mainly depends on its fatty acid composition. In present study, backcross populations of the cross between GPBD 4 × GM 4-3 (using GPBD 4 as recurrent parent) were evaluated for two generations in augmented randomized block design at experimental plots of University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Frequency distribution and mean values of both generations showed considerable variability for oleic acid, linoleic acid, O/L ratio and iodine value. Both Oleic acid and linoleic acid are associated strongly with linoleic acid and iodine value in both backcross generations. Moderate heritability of oleic acid and high heritability of O/L ratio and also negative correlation between O/L ratio and linoleic acid suggests the scope for selection of oleic acid and O/L ratio to improve oil quality in groundnut.

scholarly journals Growth, Yield and Oil quality of Mustard in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Intercropping System under Different Row Ratio in Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramarao Ramarao ◽  
H. T. Chandranath ◽  
H. B. Babalad ◽  
Yashoda Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2017 at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, to study different row ratio of chickpea and mustard on growth, yield and quality of mustard. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with two sole crops of chickpea and mustard including eight different row ratio of chickpea + mustard (2:1, 3:1,3:3, 4:2, 4:4, 5:1, 6:2 and 8:2). Results indicates that, sole mustard recorded higher growth parameters viz. plant height, leaf area, number of branches primary and secondary per plant, dry matter and higher seed, straw yield and harvest index. Among intercropping, higher growth attributes were found in 5:1 row ratio. Significantly higher seed (1128 kg ha-1), straw yield (2294 kg ha-1) and harvest index (27.62 %) was found in 4:4 ratio, followed by 3:3 row ratio. Higher oil content (35.16 %) and oil yield (606 kg ha-1) was recorded in sole mustard.

scholarly journals Breeding Value of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) for Pod and Bean Traits: A Consequential Advance in Nigerian Cocoa Breeding Program

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
Daniel Babasola ADEWALE ◽  
Oluwatosin O. ADEIGBE ◽  
Olalekan I. SOBOWALE ◽  
Oluwaseun S. DADA
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Six Traits ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Pod Length

The understanding of the generated hybrids’ breeding value gives a measure of probable advances in a breeding program. Four cocoa genotypes (testers) were crossed with two distinct lines (T65/7 and T86/2). The parents and the hybrids were separately established in randomized complete block design with six replications. The fourteen genotypes were evaluated for pod length (PL), weight (PW), beans/pod (NoB), bean length (BL), width (Bwi) and thickness (BT). The treatment, parent, crosses and Line x Tester sources of variation were significant (P ≤ 0.05). Hybrids from the same maternal parent differed significantly (P < 0.05) for the six traits. Contribution to the total variance of PL, PW and Bwi were in the following order: Tester > Line x Tester > Lines. The highest general combining ability (0.42) occurred in T65/7 for PW; the least (-0.081) occurred in T86/2 for PL. Cross combination T65/7xT57/22 produced the highest specific ability of combination (4.33) for NoB. Variance of GCA and SCA were significant (P < 0.05) for the six traits. The GCA/SCA ratios revealed the inheritance of PL, PW, Bwi and BT to be additive. Non-additive gene effect controlled NoB and BL. Heterosis for the six traits ranged between -17.82% for BT (T65/7xT57/22) to 52.40% for PW (T65/7xT53/8). Increased productivity in cocoa is possible through hybrid breeding programs.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CITRONELLA NANO BIOPESTICIDE AGAINST MOSAIC VIRUS AND ITS VECTOR ON PATCHOULI

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Rita Noveriza ◽  
Maya Mariana ◽  
Tri Lestari Mardiningsih ◽  
Sri Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
West Java ◽  
Spontaneous Emulsification ◽  
Citronella Oil ◽  
Efficacy Index ◽  
Rolled Leaf

<p>The mosaic disease declines production and oil quality of patchouli. Antiviral-based citronella oil has been formulated using a spontaneous emulsification technique (nanotechnology). The previous result of the greenhouse trial showed the formula at 1-1.5 % concentrations suppressed the development of virus of about 82.5 %. The field-scale tests is necessary to be performed to validate the effectiveness of citronella nano biopesticide (CNB) against the mosaic virus and its vector on patchouli. The study was conducted in patchouli plantation at two locations (Pandeglang, Banten and Manoko, West Java). The research was arranged in a Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) with 6 treatments and 10 replications, each replication consisted of 50 plants. The treatments were formula of CNB at the concentration of (1) 0.5 %,   (2) 1 %, (3) 1.5 %, (4) 2 %, (5) insecticide (deltamethrin 0.2 %), and (6) control. The results showed that CNB formula at 1 % concentration with a monthly application effectively suppressed the development of mosaic disease in patchouli plants, and at 2 % concentration to control rolled-leaf aphid. The lowest intensity of mosaic disease (at 1 % concentration) was in Banten (23.12 %) and in West Java (18.35 %), while in control ranged from 26.31-44.94 % (Banten) and 19.60-23.12 % (West Java). Efficacy Index (EI) in Banten ranged from 12.12-48.55 % and in West Java was 6.38-20.63 %. The lowest intensity of aphid attack was showed by insecticide and CNB at 2 % concentration. The EI of CNB was 35.33 % (Banten) and 51.71 % (West Java<strong>) </strong>respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of Fatty Acids Composition and Oil Quality Factors of Different Market Type Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil BAKAL
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

This study was conducted at the experimental area of the Cukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture in 2017, 2018 and 2019 in Adana (Mediterranean Region)-Turkey. The objective of this study was to compare of fatty acids composition and oil quality factors of different market type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties grown as a main crop. Four different market type peanut varieties, including Virginia (Halisbey), Runner (G.Green), Spanish (Florispan) and Valencia (G.Red) were used as plant material in this research. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Oil content, fatty acids composition such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid palmitic acid and oil quality factors such as Oleic/linoleic acid ratio (O/L) and iodine value (IV) of peanut seed oil were investigated. According to a three-year results; the oil content of the peanut varieties varied between 45.38% and 51.28%. The total saturated fatty acid was higher in Spanish and Valencia types than Virginia and Runner types. On the other hand, the total unsaturated fatty acid was higher in Virginia and Runner types than the others types.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Pengaruh Volume Minyak Simplah Terhadap Kualitasnya Pada Pemanasan Menggunakan Energi Mikrowave

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Rita Khathir ◽  
Mustaqimah Mustaqimah ◽  
Raida Agustina ◽  
Sri Hartuti ◽  
Azmil Azmil
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temperature Water

Abstract. Minyak simplah adalah produk lokal Aceh dari proses fermentasi kelapa yang mempunyai manfaat seperti minyak kelapa murni (VCO). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemanasan energi mikrowave terhadap kualitas minyak simplah berdasarkan variasi volume minyak. Metode yang dilakukan adalah memanaskan minyak simplah dalam mikrowave oven frekuensi 2,450 MHz selama 60 detik dengan energi 800W pada variasi volume yakni 20, 40,dan 60 ml, dengan 3x ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap suhu, kadar air, derajat keasaman, asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida dan warna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan variasi volume minyak pada pemanasan mikrowave selama 60 detik meningkatkan suhu minyak secara signifikan, namun perlakuan tersebut tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, pH, asam lemak bebas dan bilangan peroksida. Kualitas minyak simplah sebelum dan setelah pemanasan dengan mikrowave belum memenuhi standar sehingga penelitian lanjutan sangat diperlukan untuk mengkaji kemungkinan peningkatan kualitas minyak menggunakan energi mikrowave dengan memperlama waktu pemanasan.The Influence of Oil Simplah Volume to Its Quality under Microwave HeatingAbstract. The simplah oil, contained a lot of benefits as virgin coconut oil (VCO), is traditionally produced during fermentation of coconut by Acehnese. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of microwave heating on the simplah oil quality based on the variation of its volume. The study was conducted by heating the simplah oil by using a microwave oven at frequency of 2.450MHz for 60s at power level 800W under the variation of oil volume i.e. 20, 40, and 60 ml in three replications. The parameters observed were temperature, water content, degree of acidity, free fatty acids, peroxide number and color. Results showed that the variation of oil volume after microwave heating had significant effect on temperature, but did not significantly influence the rest parameters. Since the quality of simplah oil before and after treatment did not meet the standard yet, it is very important to conduct the further study by extending the exposure time of the oil under microwave heating.  

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