scholarly journals Attitudes and Perceptions on the Agricultural Use of Human Excreta and Human Excreta Derived Materials: A Scoping Review

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Simon Gwara ◽  
Edilegnaw Wale ◽  
Alfred Odindo ◽  
Chris Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Human Excreta ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

This study explicates the scope of published literature on the influence of attitudes and perceptions on the intention to use human excreta and human excreta derived materials in agriculture. Using a scoping review methodology, search results from Scopus and Web of Science were screened and synthesized using the DistillerSR web-based application. Out of the 1192 studies identified, 22 published articles met the inclusion criteria. Additional studies were identified by keyword enrichment, hand-searching, and snowballing in other electronic data bases. The benefit perception of the soil health, income, and yield was the main driver for positive attitudes. Perceived health risk and socio-cultural factors were reported as the main barriers to the use of human excreta derived materials in agriculture. Limited information, availability, collection, transport, and storage were the other reported perceived barriers. The influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors on farmers’ attitudes and perceptions was inconclusive, which is potentially attributed to contextual and methodological differences. Social and behavior change communication through community mass campaigns and targeting interventions segregated by socioeconomic and demographic contexts is recommended for development interventions. Future empirical studies could focus on the influence of crop types, treatment processes, food preparation and processing on attitudes and perceptions.

A Scoping Review of Telehealth-Assisted Case Management for Chronic Illnesses

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110089
Author(s):  
Jee Young Joo ◽  
Megan F. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Future Research

This scoping review aimed to examine telehealth-assisted case management for chronic illnesses and assess its overall impact on health care delivery. Guided by the PRISMA statement, this review included 36 empirical studies published between 2011 and 2020. This study identified three weaknesses and four strengths of telehealth-assisted case management. While the weaknesses were negative feelings about telehealth, challenges faced by patients in learning and using telehealth devices, and increased workload for case managers, the strengths included efficient and timely care, increased access to health care services, support for patients’ satisfaction, and cost savings. Future research can be designed and conducted for overcoming the weaknesses of telehealth-assisted case management. Additionally, the strengths identified by this review need to be translated from research into case management practice for chronic illness care. This review not only describes the value of such care strategy, but also provides implications for future nursing practice and research.

scholarly journals Perception and Attitude of Teachers towards the Inclusion of Students with Hearing Disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
David Pérez-Jorge ◽  
María del Carmen Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Eva Ariño-Mateo ◽  
Khairi José Sosa-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Hearing Disability ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Attitudes Towards Inclusion ◽  
Educational Inclusion ◽  
Perceptions Of Teachers

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the attitudes and perceptions of teachers regarding the educational inclusion of students with hearing disabilities. The study sample consisted of 128 teachers from the Canary Islands, of which 72 worked in ordinary centers and 56 in Ordinary Centers for Preferential Educational Attention for Hearing Disability (COAEPHD). A quantitative cut methodology was used, based on the use of the Questionnaire of Opinions, Attitudes and Competencies of Teachers towards Disability (CACPD). The results of this study do not allow us to affirm that the teachers showed positive attitudes towards inclusion, expressing concern about offering a correct and adequate response to the students with hearing disabilities. They considered that educational inclusion requires important improvements focused on the training and specialization of teachers in the field of inclusion.

scholarly journals Urban health nexus with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preparedness and response in Africa: Rapid scoping review of the early evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212199436
Author(s):  
Robert Kaba Alhassan ◽  
Jerry John Nutor ◽  
Aaron Asibi Abuosi ◽  
Agani Afaya ◽  
Solomon Salia Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Health Systems Strengthening ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Early Evidence

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 also called coronavirus disease 2019 was first reported in the African continent on 14 February 2020 in Egypt. As at 18 December 2020, the continent reported 2,449,754 confirmed cases, 57,817 deaths and 2,073,214 recoveries. Urban cities in Africa have particularly suffered the brunt of coronavirus disease 2019 coupled with criticisms that the response strategies have largely been a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach. This article reviewed early evidence on urban health nexus with coronavirus disease 2019 preparedness and response in Africa. Methods: A rapid scoping review of empirical and grey literature was done using data sources such as ScienceDirect, GoogleScholar, PubMed, HINARI and official websites of World Health Organization and Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 26 full articles (empirical studies, reviews and commentaries) were synthesised and analysed qualitatively based on predefined inclusion criteria on publication relevance and quality. Results: Over 70% of the 26 articles reported on coronavirus disease 2019 response strategies across Africa; 27% of the articles reported on preparedness towards coronavirus disease 2019, while 38% reported on urbanisation nexus with coronavirus disease 2019; 40% of the publications were full-text empirical studies, while the remaining 60% were either commentaries, reviews or editorials. It was found that urban cities remain epicentres of coronavirus disease 2019 in Africa. Even though some successes have been recorded in Africa regarding coronavirus disease 2019 fight, the continent’s response strategies were largely found to be a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach. Consequently, adoption of ‘Western elitist’ mitigating measures for coronavirus disease 2019 containment resulted in excesses and spillover effects on individuals, families and economies in Africa. Conclusion: Africa needs to increase commitment to health systems strengthening through context-specific interventions and prioritisation of pandemic preparedness over response. Likewise, improved economic resilience and proper urban planning will help African countries to respond better to future public health emergencies, as coronavirus disease 2019 cases continue to surge on the continent.

scholarly journals The application of social innovation in healthcare: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindi van Niekerk ◽  
Lenore Manderson ◽  
Dina Balabanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Conceptual Clarity

Abstract Background Social innovation has been applied increasingly to achieve social goals, including improved healthcare delivery, despite a lack of conceptual clarity and consensus on its definition. Beyond its tangible artefacts to address societal and structural needs, social innovation can best be understood as innovation in social relations, in power dynamics and in governance transformations, and may include institutional and systems transformations. Methods A scoping review was conducted of empirical studies published in the past 10 years, to identify how social innovation in healthcare has been applied, the enablers and barriers affecting its operation, and gaps in the current literature. A number of disciplinary databases were searched between April and June 2020, including Academic Source Complete, CIHAHL, Business Source Complete Psych INFO, PubMed and Global Health. A 10-year publication time frame was selected and articles limited to English text. Studies for final inclusion was based on a pre-defined criteria. Results Of the 27 studies included in this review, the majority adopted a case research methodology. Half of these were from authors outside the health sector working in high-income countries (HIC). Social innovation was seen to provide creative solutions to address barriers associated with access and cost of care in both low- and middle-income countries and HIC settings in a variety of disease focus areas. Compared to studies in other disciplines, health researchers applied social innovation mainly from an instrumental and technocratic standpoint to foster greater patient and beneficiary participation in health programmes. No empirical evidence was presented on whether this process leads to empowerment, and social innovation was not presented as transformative. The studies provided practical insights on how implementing social innovation in health systems and practice can be enhanced. Conclusions Based on theoretical literature, social innovation has the potential to mobilise institutional and systems change, yet research in health has not yet fully explored this dimension. Thus far, social innovation has been applied to extend population and financial coverage, principles inherent in universal health coverage and central to SDG 3.8. However, limitations exist in conceptualising social innovation and applying its theoretical and multidisciplinary underpinnings in health research. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals A scoping review of considerations and practices for benefit sharing in biobanking

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Sudoi ◽  
Jantina De Vries ◽  
Dorcas Kamuya
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Distinct Features

Abstract Background Despite the rapid global growth of biobanking over the last few decades, and their potential for the advancement of health research, considerations specific to the sharing of benefits that accrue from biobanks have received little attention. Questions such as the types and range of benefits that can arise in biobanking, who should be entitled to those benefits, when they should be provided, by whom and in what form remain mostly unanswered. We conducted a scoping review to describe benefit sharing considerations and practices in biobanking in order to inform current and future policy and practice. Methods Drawing on the Arksey and O’Malley framework, we conducted a scoping review of the literature in three online databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar). We extracted and charted data to capture general characteristics, definitions and examples of benefits and benefit sharing, justification for benefit sharing, challenges in benefit sharing, governance mechanisms as well as proposed benefit sharing mechanisms. Results 29 articles published between 1999 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria for the study. The articles included 5 empirical and 24 non-empirical studies. Only 12 articles discussed benefit sharing as a stand-alone subject, while the remaining 17 integrated a discussion of benefits as one issue amongst others. Major benefit sharing challenges in biobanking were found to be those associated with uncertainties around the future use of samples and in resultant benefits. Conclusion Most of the benefit sharing definitions and approaches currently in use for biobanking are similar to those used in health research. These approaches may not recognise the distinct features of biobanking, specifically relating to uncertainties associated with the sharing and re-use of samples. We therefore support approaches that allow decisions about benefit sharing to be made progressively once it is apparent who samples are to be shared with, the intended purpose and expected benefits. We also highlight gaps in key areas informing benefit sharing in biobanking and draw attention to the need for further empirical research.

Using wearable cameras to investigate health-related daily life experiences: A literature review of precautions and risks in empirical studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 174701612110540
Author(s):  
Laurel E Meyer ◽  
Lauren Porter ◽  
Meghan E Reilly ◽  
Caroline Johnson ◽  
Salman Safir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Wearable Cameras ◽  
Health Related Research ◽  
Health Related

Automated, wearable cameras can benefit health-related research by capturing accurate and objective information about individuals’ daily experiences. However, wearable cameras present unique privacy- and confidentiality-related risks due to the possibility of the images capturing identifying or sensitive information from participants and third parties. Although best practice guidelines for ethical research with wearable cameras have been published, limited information exists on the risks of studies using wearable cameras. The aim of this literature review was to survey risks related to using wearable cameras, and precautions taken to reduce those risks, as reported in empirical research. Forty-five publications, comprising 36 independent studies, were reviewed, and findings revealed that participants’ primary concerns with using wearable cameras included physical inconvenience and discomfort in certain situations (e.g. public settings). None of the studies reviewed reported any serious adverse events. Although it is possible that reported findings do not include all risks experienced by participants in research with wearable cameras, our findings suggest a low level of risk to participants. However, it is important that investigators adopt recommended precautions, which can promote autonomy and reduce risks, including participant discomfort.

scholarly journals Resilience processes in sexually abused adolescent girls: A scoping review of the literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 113 (9/10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadiyya Haffejee ◽  
Linda Theron
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Sexually Abused ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
Supportive Family

Childhood sexual abuse is often associated with a number of deleterious psychological and behavioural outcomes for survivors. However, some research suggests that this impact is variable and that some survivors adapt positively. An ability to adapt positively to adversity, under any circumstances, has been termed resilience. Drawing on a socio-ecological understanding of resilience, the aim of this scoping review was to comprehensively map existing empirical studies on resilience processes in sexually abused adolescent girls and to summarise emerging resilience-enabling factors. We also considered the implications of the findings for practice and research. A total of 11 articles met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Findings from these studies suggest that internal factors (meaning making, optimistic future orientation, agency and mastery) and contextual factors (supportive family, social and educational environments) function interdependently to enable resilience in sexually abused adolescent girls. Practitioners should leverage these complementary and interdependent resilience-enabling mechanisms by encouraging greater involvement of girls in the planning of interventions and by assisting girls in developing meaningful narratives about their abuse experiences. Interventions should also encourage greater involvement from supportive structures, while challenging social and cultural norms that inhibit resilience. Resilience researchers should be cognisant of the paucity of research focusing on resilience processes in sexually abused adolescent girls as well as the absence of innovative, participatory methods of data collection.

scholarly journals Nutrition Care Practices of Dietitians and Oral Health Professionals for Oral Health Conditions: A Scoping Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3588
Author(s):  
Jessica R. L. Lieffers ◽  
Amanda Gonçalves Troyack Vanzan ◽  
Janine Rover de Mello ◽  
Allison Cammer
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Nutrition Care ◽  
Care Practices

Background: Oral health conditions, such as dental caries, pose a substantial burden worldwide. Although there are many risk factors for poor oral health, diet is often implicated as a cause of these issues. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and map studies that have captured information on the “real-world” nutrition care practices of oral health professionals (OHPs) and dietitians to optimize oral health, and specifically the dentition and periodontium. Methods: A search of peer-reviewed articles was conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Embase. Articles that addressed the review objective and met the following criteria were included: English language, published since 2000, and study conducted in a high-income country. Results: Overall, 70 articles were included. Most articles reported on cross-sectional survey studies and provided self-reported data on OHP practices; few articles reported on dietitians. Most articles reported only general/unspecific information on assessment and intervention practices, such as dietary analysis, nutrition counselling, and diet advice, and lacked specific information about the care provided, such as the dietary assessment tools used, type of information provided, and time spent on these activities. Barriers to the provision of nutrition care by OHPs were common and included time and lack of remuneration. Few studies reported on collaboration between dietitians and OHPs. Conclusions: Several studies have captured self-reported information on nutrition care practices of OHPs related to oral health; however, there is limited information available on the details of the care provided. Few studies have examined the practices of dietitians.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of proteins, lipids, and metabolites in two organic fertilizer products derived from different nutrient sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyu Li ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Laura S. Bailey ◽  
Manasi N. Kamat ◽  
Kari B. Basso
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Soil Microbial

AbstractThe biochemical composition of organic fertilizers largely determines their nutrient supply characteristics following soil application as well as their potential impact on soil microbial communities. Yet, limited information is available regarding the biochemical composition of organic fertilizers derived from different nutrient sources. Here, we qualitatively analyzed the presence and abundance of proteins, lipids, and metabolites in a liquid fish fertilizer (LFF) product and a type of granular organic fertilizer (GOF) commonly used in organic vegetable production, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Our results suggest that the presence and abundance of proteins, lipids, and metabolites differ greatly between GOF and LFF. The qualitative analysis shows LFF as a rich source of metabolites, while complex proteins and long-chain saturated fatty acids are dominant in GOF. The degree of biochemical composition complexity may help explain the varying impacts of different types of organic fertilizers on nutrient availability, soil health, and environmental quality.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Scoping Review Study of the Progress of Social Media Adoption as an Educational Tool by Academics in Higher Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Perez ◽  
Mairead Brady
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Pedagogical Issues ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Scoping Study ◽  
Time Investment

This paper presents a preliminary scoping review exploring the evidence landscape regarding academic staff experiences and perceptions of social media adoption as an educational tool in higher education. The goal of this paper is to examine 10 empirical studies of social media adoption in teaching and learning by academics in preparation for a proposal for a systematic literature review. Consequently, this scoping study assisted in the development of a review protocol which established the inclusion and exclusion criteria for conducting this systematic review at a future date. This paper will present the first stage of carrying out a systematic review: planning the review and presenting the results of the scoping study. The findings of this scoping study revealed that academics are slow in adopting social media within teaching and academics that have adopted the use of social media do so primarily for sharing relevant information and resources easily with students rather than for teaching purposes. Overall, the adoption of social media as an educational tool is faced with many challenges, such as cultural resistance, pedagogical issues, lack of institutional support and time investment. The results also indicate that teaching styles, demographic factors, privacy issues and previous experience can influence academic staff’s decision to adopt social media for teaching purposes.

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